Third Lubbers cabinet
Third Lubbers cabinet Lubbers–Kok cabinet | |
---|---|
61st Cabinet of the Netherlands | |
Date formed | 7 November 1989 |
Date dissolved | 22 August 1994 4 years, 288 days in office (Demissionary from 10 May 1994 ) |
People and organisations | |
Monarch | Queen Beatrix |
Prime Minister | Ruud Lubbers |
Deputy Prime Minister | Wim Kok |
No. of ministers | 14 |
Ministers removed | 7 |
Total no. of members | 19 |
Member party | Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) Labour Party (PvdA) |
Status in legislature | Centrist Majority government (Grand coalition) |
History | |
Election(s) | 1989 election |
Outgoing election | 1994 election |
Legislature term(s) | 1989–1994 |
Incoming formation | 1989 formation |
Outgoing formation | 1994 formation |
Predecessor | Second Lubbers cabinet |
Successor | First Kok cabinet |
Part of the Politics series |
Politics portal |
The Third Lubbers cabinet, also called the Lubbers–Kok cabinet, was the
The cabinet served during the final years of the turbulent 1980s and the early years of the economic boom of the 1990s. Domestically it focused on revitalizing the economy, reducing the deficit, and stimulating further deregulation and privatization. It had to deal with the El Al Flight 1862 Crash. Internationally the signing of the Maastricht Treaty took place but also it had to deal with several crises such as the beginning of the Bosnian War. The cabinet suffered several major internal conflicts including multiple resignations, but completed its entire term and was succeeded by the First Kok cabinet following the 1994 election.[1]
According to one study, “In a bid to placate the progressive wing of his party and to keep the Christian Democrats in the centre, Rudd Lubbers discarded the right-wing liberals (VVD) in 1989 as a coalition partner and invited the social democrats (PvdA) to partake in the third Lubbers cabinet (1989-1994).”[2]
Term
The cabinet was formed with a view to social reform. This was impossible because of the then bad shape of the Dutch economy, which made large reductions in government spending necessary. The reduction in spending on social care for disabled people led to demonstrations against the Dutch government in 1992. Many angry socialists left the Labour Party. The coalition lost heavily at the 1994 general election.
Several cabinet members returned after serving in previous cabinets: Minister of the Interior Ed van Thijn had served earlier in the same position from 1981 until 1982, Minister of Economic Affairs Koos Andriessen had served earlier in the same position from 1963 until 1965, Minister of Development Cooperation Jan Pronk had served earlier in the same position from 1973 until 1977 and State Secretary for Finance Marius van Amelsvoort had served earlier in the same position from 1980 until 1981.
Changes
On 18 September 1990
On 3 January 1993
On 1 June 1993
On 5 June 1993
On 10 January 1994
On 26 February 1994
On 27 May 1994
Due to the installment of a new
Cabinet members
Ministers | Title/Ministry/Portfolio(s) | Term of office | Party | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ruud Lubbers (1939–2018) |
Prime Minister | General Affairs | 4 November 1982 – 22 Augustus 1994 [Retained] |
Christian Democratic Appeal | |||
Minister
|
Interior | • Netherlands Antilles and Aruba Affairs |
7 November 1989 – 14 November 1989 [Ad Interim] | ||||
27 May 1994 – 22 August 1994 [Acting] | |||||||
Wim Kok (1938–2018) |
Deputy Prime Minister |
Finance | 7 November 1989 – 22 Augustus 1994 |
Labour Party | |||
Minister
| |||||||
Ien Dales (1931–1994) |
Minister
|
Interior | 7 November 1989 – 10 January 1994 [Died] |
Labour Party | |||
Dr. Ernst Hirsch Ballin (born 1950) |
10 January 1994 – 18 January 1994 [Ad Interim] |
Christian Democratic Appeal | |||||
Ed van Thijn (1934–2021) |
18 January 1994 – 27 May 1994 [Res] |
Labour Party | |||||
Dieuwke de Graaff-Nauta (1930–2008) |
27 May 1994 – 22 Augustus 1994 |
Christian Democratic Appeal | |||||
Hans van den Broek (born 1936) |
Minister
|
Foreign Affairs | 4 November 1982 – 3 January 1993 [Retained] [App] |
Christian Democratic Appeal | |||
Dr. Pieter Kooijmans (1933–2013) |
3 January 1993 – 22 Augustus 1994 |
Christian Democratic Appeal | |||||
Dr. Ernst Hirsch Ballin (born 1950) |
Minister
|
Justice | 7 November 1989 – 27 May 1994 [Res] |
Christian Democratic Appeal | |||
Aad Kosto (born 1938) |
27 May 1994 – 22 August 1994 |
Labour Party | |||||
Dr. Koos Andriessen (1928–2019) |
Minister
|
Economic Affairs
|
7 November 1989 – 22 Augustus 1994 |
Christian Democratic Appeal | |||
Relus ter Beek (1944–2008) |
Minister
|
Defence | 7 November 1989 – 6 February 1991 [Note] |
Labour Party | |||
Jan Pronk (born 1940) |
6 February 1991 – 3 March 1991 [Acting] |
Labour Party | |||||
Relus ter Beek (1944–2008) |
3 March 1991 – 22 August 1994 |
Labour Party | |||||
Hedy d'Ancona (born 1937) |
Minister
|
Welfare, Health and Culture |
7 November 1989 – 16 July 1994 [Res] |
Labour Party | |||
Dr. Jo Ritzen (born 1945) |
16 July 1994 – 22 August 1994 [Acting] |
Labour Party | |||||
Minister
|
Education and Sciences |
7 November 1989 – 3 August 1998 [Continued] | |||||
Dr. Bert de Vries (born 1938) |
Minister
|
Social Affairs and Employment |
7 November 1989 – 22 Augustus 1994 |
Christian Democratic Appeal | |||
Hanja Maij-Weggen (born 1943) |
Minister
|
Transport and Water Management |
7 November 1989 – 16 July 1994 [Res] |
Christian Democratic Appeal | |||
Dr. Koos Andriessen (1928–2019) |
16 July 1994 – 22 August 1994 [Acting] |
Christian Democratic Appeal | |||||
Gerrit Braks (1933–2017) |
Minister
|
Agriculture, Nature and Fisheries |
4 November 1982 – 18 September 1990 [Retained] [Res] |
Christian Democratic Appeal | |||
Dr. Bert de Vries (born 1938) |
18 September 1990 – 28 September 1990 [Ad Interim] |
Christian Democratic Appeal | |||||
Piet Bukman (1934–2022) |
28 September 1990 – 22 August 1994 |
Christian Democratic Appeal | |||||
Hans Alders (born 1952) |
Minister
|
Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment |
7 November 1989 – 22 August 1994 |
Labour Party | |||
Minister without portfolio | Title/Ministry/Portfolio(s) | Term of office | Party | ||||
Jan Pronk (born 1940) |
Minister | Foreign Affairs | • Development Cooperation |
7 November 1989 – 3 August 1998 [Continued] |
Labour Party | ||
State Secretaries
|
Title/Ministry/Portfolio(s) | Term of office | Party | ||||
Dieuwke de Graaff-Nauta (1930–2008) |
State Secretary
|
Interior | • | 14 July 1986 – 27 May 1994 [Retained] [App] |
Christian Democratic Appeal | ||
Piet Dankert (1934–2003) |
State Secretary
[Title] |
Foreign Affairs | • European Union • Benelux |
7 November 1989 – 16 July 1994 [Res] |
Labour Party | ||
Marius van Amelsvoort (1930–2006) |
State Secretary
|
Finance | • | 7 November 1989 – 22 August 1994 |
Christian Democratic Appeal | ||
Aad Kosto (born 1938) |
State Secretary
|
Justice | • | 7 November 1989 – 27 May 1994 [App] |
Labour Party | ||
Piet Bukman (1934–2022) |
State Secretary
[Title] |
Economic Affairs
|
• | 7 November 1989 – 28 September 1990 [App] |
Christian Democratic Appeal | ||
Yvonne van Rooy (born 1951) |
28 September 1990 – 22 August 1994 |
Christian Democratic Appeal | |||||
Baron Berend-Jan van Voorst tot Voorst (1944–2023) |
State Secretary
|
Defence | • Equipment
• Justice |
7 November 1989 – 1 June 1993 [App] |
Christian Democratic Appeal | ||
Lieutenant colonel Ton Frinking (1931–2022) |
1 June 1993 – 22 August 1994 |
Christian Democratic Appeal | |||||
Hans Simons (1947–2019) |
State Secretary
|
Welfare, Health and Culture |
• Policy | 7 November 1989 – 26 February 1994 [Res] |
Labour Party | ||
Elske ter Veld (1944–2017) |
State Secretary
|
Social Affairs and Employment |
• Social Services • Equality • Emancipation |
7 November 1989 – 4 June 1993 [Res] |
Labour Party | ||
Jacques Wallage (born 1946) |
9 June 1993 – 22 August 1994 |
Labour Party | |||||
Jacques Wallage (born 1946) |
State Secretary
|
Education and Sciences |
• Primary Education • Secondary Education • Special Education |
7 November 1989 – 9 June 1993 [App] |
Labour Party | ||
Dr. Roel in 't Veld (born 1942) |
• Science Policy
|
9 June 1993 – 19 June 1993 [Res] |
Labour Party | ||||
Dr. Job Cohen (born 1947) |
• Science Policy
|
2 July 1993 – 22 August 1994 |
Labour Party | ||||
Dzsingisz Gabor (born 1940) |
State Secretary
|
Agriculture, Nature and Fisheries |
• Animal Welfare • Recreation |
28 September 1990 – 22 August 1994 |
Christian Democratic Appeal | ||
Enneüs Heerma (1944–1999) |
State Secretary
|
Housing, Spatial Planning and the Environment |
• Spatial Planning
|
27 October 1986 – 22 August 1994 [Retained] |
Christian Democratic Appeal |
- Resigned
- Retained from the previous cabinet
- Continued in the next cabinet
- Acting
- Ad Interim
- Died in Office
- Designated with the diplomatic rank of Minister
- Medical leave of absence from 6 February 1991 until 3 March 1991
- Resigned following election to the European Parliament
- Appointed as European Commissioner
- Appointed as Minister of the Interior
- Appointed as Minister of Justice
- Appointed as Minister of Agriculture, Nature and Fisheries
- Appointed as Queen's Commissioner of Limburg
- Appointed as State Secretary for Social Affairs and Employment
Trivia
- Seven cabinet members had previous experience as scholars and professors: Ernst Hirsch Ballin (Constitutional and Administrative Law), Pieter Kooijmans (International human rights Law), Koos Andriessen (Political Economics), Jo Ritzen (Public and Education Economics), Bert de Vries (Business Economics), Roel in 't Veld (Public Administration) and Job Cohen (Jurisprudence).
- Seven members (later) served as Mayors: Ien Dales (Nijmegen), Ed van Thijn, Enneüs Heerma and Job Cohen (Amsterdam), Gerrit Braks (Eindhoven), Jacques Wallage (Groningen) and Dzsingisz Gabor (Haaksbergen).
- Six cabinet members later served as in high-profile international functions: Ruud Lubbers (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees), Hans van den Broek (European Commissioner), Pieter Kooijmans (Judge of the International Court of Justice), Jan Pronk (Special Representative of the United Nations), Piet Bukman (President of the European People's Party) and Piet Dankert (President of the European Parliament).
- Five cabinet members where of Jewish decent: Ernst Hirsch Ballin (German-Ashkenazi), Ed van Thijn (Dutch-Ashkenazi), Hedy d'Ancona (Italian-Sephardi), Jacques Wallage (English-Ashkenazi) and Job Cohen (German-Ashkenazi).
- Four cabinet members (later) served as Queen's Commissioners: Relus ter Beek (Drenthe), Hanja Maij-Weggen (Zeeland), Hans Alders (Groningen) and Berend-Jan van Voorst tot Voorst (Limburg).
- Four cabinet members would later be granted the honorary title of Minister of State: Ruud Lubbers (1995), Wim Kok (2002), Hans van den Broek (2005) and Pieter Kooijmans (2007).
- On appointment, Koos Andriessen had served as Minister of Economic Affairs 24 years and 207 days previously, in the Marijnen cabinet.
- Ruud Lubbers became the longest-serving Dutch Prime Minister with a total period in office of 11 years, 291 days.
References
- ^ "Rendement van een jaar kabinet Lubbers/Kok: 9,9 miljard voornieuw beleid" (in Dutch). NRC Handelsblad. 18 September 1990. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
- ^ The Rise of the Dutch New Right An Intellectual History of the Rightward Shift in Dutch Politics By Merijn Oudenampsen, 2020
External links
- Official
- (in Dutch) Kabinet-Lubbers III Parlement & Politiek
- (in Dutch) Kabinet-Lubbers III Rijksoverheid