Cistus ladanifer

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Not to be confused with Laudanum.

Cistus ladanifer
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malvales
Family: Cistaceae
Genus: Cistus
Species:
C. ladanifer
Binomial name
Cistus ladanifer
MHNT

Cistus ladanifer is a

native to the western Mediterranean region. Common names include gum rockrose,[1] labdanum,[1] common gum cistus,[1] and brown-eyed rockrose.[2]

Description

It is a shrub growing 1–2.5 m (3 ft 3 in – 8 ft 2 in) tall and wide. The leaves are evergreen, lanceolate, 3–10 cm long and 1–2 cm broad, dark green above and paler underneath. The flowers are 5–8 cm diameter, with 5 papery white petals, usually with a red to maroon spot at the base, surrounding the yellow stamens and pistils. The whole plant is covered with the sticky exudate of fragrant resin, the source of labdanum, used in herbal medicine and perfumery.

Ecology

C. ladanifer is particularly well suited to the

Boletus rhodoxanthus, and Laccaria laccata.[3]

Systematics

The wide distribution and morphological variation of C. ladanifer across northern Africa, the Iberian Peninsula, and southern France has resulted in the recognition of three sub-species: subspp. ladanifer, sulcatus, and africanus.

Subspecies

Phylogeny

C. ladanifer is placed within the C. salvifolius group within the white and whitish pink flowered clade of Cistus species.[7]

Species-level cladogram of Cistus species.

  Halimium spp.  

     

  Halimium spp.  

PPC  
     

  Cistus crispus  

     
     

  Cistus heterophyllus  

     

  Cistus albidus  

  Cistus creticus  

  WWPC  
  Purple
  Pink
  Clade
  White
  Whitish Pink
  Clade
Species-level cladogram of Cistus species, based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequences.[8][9][7][10]

Phylogenetic and divergence dating methods found that C. ladanifer diverged during the

mya, which supports a hypothesis of dispersal for this species.[11] Although its seeds fall close to the maternal plant,[12]
C. ladanifer may have successfully dispersed due to its preference for disturbed habitats.

Uses

Cistus (C. ladanifer) essential oil in clear glass vial

It is a popular ornamental plant, grown for its strongly resin-scented foliage and conspicuous flowers. Its leaves yield a fragrant oleoresin known as labdanum, used in perfumes, especially as a fixative.[citation needed] (Not to be confused with "Laudanum", another name for tincture of opium).

This plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[13]

See also

  • mycorrhizal
    association

References

  1. ^ a b c "Cistus ladanifer". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 4 May 2015.
  2. ISBN 978-1-58011-259-8
    .
  3. PMID 16800301
    . Retrieved 2009-11-23.
  4. ^ "Infraspecific Taxon Details : Cistus ladanifer subsp. ladanifer". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  5. ^ a b "Infraspecific Taxon Details : Cistus ladanifer subsp. mauritianus Pau & Sennen". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  6. ^ "Cistus ladanifer subsp. sulcatus (Demoly) P.Monts". Flora-on. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  7. ^
    PMID 19668338
    .
  8. PMID 16055353
    .
  9. doi:10.1016/j.ode.2009.01.001
    .
  10. S2CID 21995828
    .
  11. ^ Guzmán, B. and P. Vargas. 2009. Long-distance colonization of the Western Mediterranean by Cistus ladanifer (Cistaceae) despite the absence of special dispersal mechanisms. Journal of Biogeography 36:954-968.
  12. ^ Bastida, F. and S. Talavera. 2002. Temporal and spatial patterns of seed dispersal in two Cistus species (Cistaceae). Annals of Botany 89:427-434.
  13. ^ "Cistus ladanifer L." Royal Horticultural Society. Archived from the original on 24 December 2012. Retrieved 19 May 2017.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cistus ladanifer.

Databases

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