Balearic Islands
Balearic Islands
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legislation the official name is in Catalan , Illes Balears. |
The Balearic Islands (Catalan: Illes Balears [ˈiʎəz bəleˈas]; Spanish: Islas Baleares[2][3][4] [ˈislas βaleˈaɾes] /ˌbæliˈærɪk/ BAL-ee-ARR-ik or /bəˈlɪərɪk/ bə-LEER-ik[5][6]) are an archipelago in the western Mediterranean Sea, near the eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula. The archipelago forms a province and autonomous community of Spain, with Palma de Mallorca being its capital and largest city.
Formerly part of the Kingdom of Mallorca, the islands were made a province in the 19th century provincial division, which in 1983 received a Statute of Autonomy. In its later reform of 2007, the Statute designates the Balearic Islands as one of the nationalities of Spain.[7] The official languages of the Balearic Islands are Catalan and Spanish.
The archipelago islands are further grouped in western Pytiuses (the largest being Ibiza and Formentera), and eastern Gymnesians (the largest being Mallorca and Menorca). Many of its minor islands and islets are close to the larger islands, including Cabrera, Dragonera, and S'Espalmador.
The islands have a Mediterranean climate, and the four major islands are all popular tourist destinations. Ibiza, in particular, is known as an international party destination, attracting many of the world's most popular DJs to its nightclubs.[8] The islands' culture and cuisine are similar to those of the rest of Spain but have their own distinctive features.
Etymology
The official name of the Balearic Islands in Catalan is Illes Balears, while in Spanish, they are known as the Islas Baleares.
The ancient Greeks usually adopted local names into their own language, but they called the islands Γυμνησίαι/Gymnesiai, unlike either the native inhabitants of the islands, the Carthaginians, or the Romans, who called them Βαλεαρεῖς, with the Romans also calling them the Baleares.[9][10]
The term Balearic may derive from Greek (Γυμνησίαι/Gymnesiae and Βαλλιαρεῖς/Balliareis).[11] In Latin, it was Baleares.
Of the various theories on the origins of the two ancient Greek and Latin names for the islands—Gymnasiae and Baleares—classical sources provide two.
According to Lycophron's Alexandra verses, the islands were called Γυμνησίαι/Gymnesiae (γυμνός/gymnos, meaning 'naked' in Greek) because its inhabitants were often nude, probably because of the mostly balmy year-round climate. However, Strabo thought that Gymnesiai probably referred to the light equipment used by the Balearic troops γυμνῆται/gymnetae.[12]
Most of the ancient Greek and Roman writers thought that the name of the people, (βαλεαρεῖς/baleareis, from βάλλω/ballo: ancient Greek meaning 'to launch') was based on their skill as slingers. However, Strabo thought the name was of Phoenician origin. He observed that it was the Phoenician word for lightly armoured soldiers, which the ancient Greeks called γυμνῆτας/gymnetas.[12] The root bal arguably suggests a Phoenician origin; Strabo, in Volume III, Book XIV of his Geography suggests that the name comes from the Phoenician balearides.[13]
Geology
The Balearic Islands are on a raised platform called the
Geography and hydrography
The main islands of the autonomous community are Majorca (Mallorca), Menorca/Minorca (Menorca), Ibiza (Eivissa/Ibiza), and Formentera, all popular tourist destinations. Amongst the minor islands is Cabrera, the location of the Cabrera Archipelago Maritime-Terrestrial National Park. Neighbours: Algeria (south), Spain's Catalonia and Valencian Community (west), France's South (north), and France's Corsica as well as Italy's Sardinia (east). The Balearic Islands province has the longest coastline of any provinces in Spain, with a length of coastline 1,428 kilometres.
The islands can be further grouped, with Majorca, Menorca, and Cabrera as the Gymnesian Islands (Illes Gimnèsies), and Ibiza and Formentera as the Pityusic Islands (Illes Pitiüses officially in Catalan), also referred to as the Pityuses (or sometimes informally in English as the Pine Islands). Many minor islands or islets are close to the biggest islands, such as Es Conills, Es Vedrà, Sa Conillera, Dragonera, S'Espalmador, S'Espardell, Ses Bledes, Santa Eulària, Plana, Foradada, Tagomago, Na Redona, Colom, L'Aire, etc.
The Balearic Front is a sea density regime north of the Balearic Islands on the shelf slope of the Balearic Islands, which is responsible for some of the surface-flow characteristics of the Balearic Sea.[16]
Climate
Located in the west of the
Climate data for Palma, Port (1981–2010) 3 metres (9.8 feet) (Satellite view) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 15.4 (59.7) |
15.5 (59.9) |
17.2 (63.0) |
19.2 (66.6) |
22.5 (72.5) |
26.5 (79.7) |
29.4 (84.9) |
29.8 (85.6) |
27.1 (80.8) |
23.7 (74.7) |
19.3 (66.7) |
16.5 (61.7) |
21.8 (71.2) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 11.9 (53.4) |
11.9 (53.4) |
13.4 (56.1) |
15.5 (59.9) |
18.8 (65.8) |
22.7 (72.9) |
25.7 (78.3) |
26.2 (79.2) |
23.5 (74.3) |
20.2 (68.4) |
15.8 (60.4) |
13.1 (55.6) |
18.2 (64.8) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 8.3 (46.9) |
8.4 (47.1) |
9.6 (49.3) |
11.7 (53.1) |
15.1 (59.2) |
18.9 (66.0) |
21.9 (71.4) |
22.5 (72.5) |
19.9 (67.8) |
16.6 (61.9) |
12.3 (54.1) |
9.7 (49.5) |
14.6 (58.3) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 43 (1.7) |
37 (1.5) |
28 (1.1) |
39 (1.5) |
36 (1.4) |
11 (0.4) |
6 (0.2) |
22 (0.9) |
52 (2.0) |
69 (2.7) |
59 (2.3) |
48 (1.9) |
449 (17.7) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 7 | 53 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 167 | 170 | 205 | 237 | 284 | 315 | 346 | 316 | 227 | 205 | 161 | 151 | 2,779 |
Source: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología[18]
|
Climate data for Ibiza Airport (1981–2010) 6 metres (20 feet) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 15.7 (60.3) |
15.9 (60.6) |
17.7 (63.9) |
19.7 (67.5) |
22.7 (72.9) |
26.8 (80.2) |
29.7 (85.5) |
30.3 (86.5) |
27.7 (81.9) |
24.0 (75.2) |
19.6 (67.3) |
16.7 (62.1) |
22.2 (72.0) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 11.9 (53.4) |
12.1 (53.8) |
13.7 (56.7) |
15.6 (60.1) |
18.6 (65.5) |
22.6 (72.7) |
25.6 (78.1) |
26.3 (79.3) |
23.8 (74.8) |
20.2 (68.4) |
15.9 (60.6) |
13.1 (55.6) |
18.3 (64.9) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 8.1 (46.6) |
8.3 (46.9) |
9.6 (49.3) |
11.4 (52.5) |
14.6 (58.3) |
18.4 (65.1) |
21.4 (70.5) |
22.2 (72.0) |
19.9 (67.8) |
16.5 (61.7) |
12.3 (54.1) |
9.5 (49.1) |
14.3 (57.7) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 37 (1.5) |
36 (1.4) |
27 (1.1) |
31 (1.2) |
27 (1.1) |
11 (0.4) |
5 (0.2) |
18 (0.7) |
57 (2.2) |
58 (2.3) |
53 (2.1) |
52 (2.0) |
413 (16.3) |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 162 | 166 | 211 | 246 | 272 | 299 | 334 | 305 | 236 | 205 | 157 | 151 | 2,744 |
Source: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología[19]
|
Climate data for Menorca Airport (1981–2010) 91 metres (299 feet) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 14.1 (57.4) |
14.2 (57.6) |
15.9 (60.6) |
18.0 (64.4) |
21.6 (70.9) |
25.8 (78.4) |
28.9 (84.0) |
29.2 (84.6) |
26.2 (79.2) |
22.7 (72.9) |
18.1 (64.6) |
15.2 (59.4) |
20.8 (69.4) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 10.8 (51.4) |
10.8 (51.4) |
12.3 (54.1) |
14.3 (57.7) |
17.8 (64.0) |
21.8 (71.2) |
24.9 (76.8) |
25.4 (77.7) |
22.6 (72.7) |
19.4 (66.9) |
14.9 (58.8) |
12.1 (53.8) |
17.2 (63.0) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 7.5 (45.5) |
7.4 (45.3) |
8.6 (47.5) |
10.6 (51.1) |
13.9 (57.0) |
17.8 (64.0) |
20.8 (69.4) |
21.5 (70.7) |
18.9 (66.0) |
16.1 (61.0) |
11.6 (52.9) |
9.0 (48.2) |
13.6 (56.5) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 52 (2.0) |
54 (2.1) |
38 (1.5) |
45 (1.8) |
37 (1.5) |
14 (0.6) |
3 (0.1) |
20 (0.8) |
61 (2.4) |
78 (3.1) |
88 (3.5) |
61 (2.4) |
546 (21.5) |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 144 | 146 | 202 | 222 | 270 | 311 | 347 | 312 | 225 | 183 | 142 | 130 | 2,632 |
Source: Agencia Estatal de Meteorología[20]
|
History
Ancient history
The earliest known evidence of inhabitation of the Balearic Islands is dated to the 3rd millennium BC, around 2500-2300 BC from the Iberian Peninsula or southern France, by people associated with the Bell Beaker culture.[21][22]
Little is recorded about the inhabitants of the islands during classical antiquity, though many legends exist. The story, preserved by
The islands had a very mixed population. Several stories describing them as having unusual habits. Some have it that they went naked year-round (a
Other stories have it that the inhabitants lived in hollow rocks and artificial caves, that their men were remarkable for their love of women and would trade three or four men to ransom one woman, that they had no gold or silver coin, and forbade the importation of the precious metals—so that those of them who served as mercenaries took their pay in wine and women instead of money. The Roman Diodorus Siculus described their marriage and funeral customs (v. 18 book 6 chapter 5), noting that Roman observers found those customs peculiar.
In ancient times, the islanders of the
The Phoenicians took possession of the islands in very early times;
The two largest islands (the Balearic Islands, in their historical sense) had numerous excellent harbours, though rocky at their mouth, and requiring care in entering them (Strabo, Eustath.;
The part of the
Medieval period
Late Roman and early Islamic eras
The
In 902, the heavy use of the islands as a pirate base provoked the
The Crusade against the Balearics
For centuries, the Balearic sailors and pirates had been masters of the western Mediterranean. But the expanding influence of the Italian
The crusade sacked Palma in 1115 and generally reduced the islands, ending their period as a great sea power, but then withdrew. Within a year, the now shattered islands were conquered by the
Reconquista
On the last day of 1229, King James I of Aragon captured Palma after a three-month siege. The rest of Mallorca quickly followed. Menorca fell in 1232 and Ibiza in 1235. In 1236, James traded most of the islands to Peter I, Count of Urgell for Urgell, which he incorporated into his kingdom. Peter ruled from Palma, but after his death without issue in 1258, the islands reverted by the terms of the deal to the Crown of Aragon.
James died in 1276, having partitioned his domains between his sons in his will. The will created a new
Early modern period
In 1469, Ferdinand II of Aragon (king of Aragon) and Isabella I of Castile (queen of Castile) were married. After their deaths, their respective territories (until then governed separately) were governed jointly, in the person of their grandson, the Emperor Charles V. This can be considered the foundation of the modern Spanish state, albeit a decentralized one wherein the various component territories within the united crowns retained their particular historic laws and privileges.
The Balearic Islands were frequently
Menorca
The island of
The British re-occupied the island after the war but, with their military forces diverted away by the
Menorca was finally returned to Spain by the
20th century
The islands saw limited fighting in the 1936-1939
Culture
Cuisine
The cuisine of the islands can be grouped as part of wider
.Languages
Both Catalan and Spanish are official languages in the islands. Virtually all residents of the Balearic Islands speak Spanish fluently. Most of the native speakers of Spanish in the islands have family roots elsewhere in Spain.[40]
Catalan is designated as a llengua pròpia, literally own language in its statute of autonomy. The
Other languages, such as English, French, German and Italian, are often spoken by locals, especially those who work in the tourism industry.
Demographics
Year | Pop. | ±% |
---|---|---|
1900 | 311,649 | — |
1910 | 326,063 | +4.6% |
1920 | 338,894 | +3.9% |
1930 | 365,512 | +7.9% |
1940 | 407,497 | +11.5% |
1950 | 422,089 | +3.6% |
1960 | 443,327 | +5.0% |
1970 | 558,287 | +25.9% |
1981 | 655,945 | +17.5% |
1991 | 708,138 | +8.0% |
2001 | 841,669 | +18.9% |
2011 | 1,100,513 | +30.8% |
2021 | 1,183,415 | +7.5% |
Source: [43] |
Population in the Balearic Islands (2021)[44] Insular council (official name in Catalan and equivalent in Spanish) |
Population | Proportion of Balearic Islands |
Density (population/km2) |
---|---|---|---|
Mallorca (Mallorca/Mallorca) |
920,605 | 77.79% | 252.91 |
Ibiza (Eivissa/Ibiza) | 154,186 | 13.03% | 269.74 |
Menorca (Menorca/Menorca) | 96,733 | 8.17% | 139.04 |
Formentera (Formentera/Formentera) | 11,891 | 1.00% | 142.85 |
Circa 2016 the islands had 1,107,220 total residents; the figures of Germans and British respectively were 20,451 and 16,134. Between 2016 and 2017 people from other parts of Spain moved to the Balearics, while the foreign population declined by 2,000. In 2007 there were 29,189 Germans, 19,803 British, 17,935 Moroccans, 13,100 Ecuadoreans, 11,933 Italians, and 11,129 Argentines. The numbers of Germans, British, and South Americans declined between 2007 and 2017 while the largest-increasing populations were the Moroccans, Italians, and Romanians.[45]
Circa 2017 there were 1,115,999 residents of the Balearics; 16.7% of the islands' population were foreign (non-Spanish). At that time the islands had 23,919 Moroccans, 19,209 Germans, 16,877 Italians, and 14,981 British registered in town halls. The next-largest foreign groups were the Romanians; the Bulgarians; the Argentines, numbering at 6,584; the French; the Colombians; and the Ecuadoreans, numbering at 5,437.[45]
At the Census of 1 January 2021, the population had increased to 1,183,415 inhabitants.
Administration
Each one of the four islands are administered, along with its surrounding minor islands and islets, by an insular council (consell insular in Catalan) of the same name. These four insular councils are the first level of subdivision in the autonomous community (and province) of Illes Balears.[48]
Before administrative reform in 1977, Ibiza and Formentera formed a single insular council, covering the whole of the Pitiusic Islands.
The insular council of Mallorca is further subdivided into six comarques; three other comarques cover the same territory as the three remaining insular councils.
These nine comarques are then subdivided into municipalities (municipis), with the exception of Formentera, which is at the same time an insular council, a comarca, and a municipality.
Note that the maritime and terrestrial natural reserves in the Balearic Islands are not owned by the municipalities, even if they fall within their territory, but are owned and managed by the respective insular councils.
Those municipalities are further subdivided into civil parishes (parròquies), that are slightly larger than the traditional religious parishes.
On Ibiza and Formentera parishes are further divided into administrative villages (named véndes in Catalan); each vénda is grouping several nearby hamlets (casaments) and their immediate surroundings. These casaments are traditionally formed by grouping together several cubic houses to form a defensive block with windows open to the east (against heat), sharing their collective precious water resources, whose residents decide and plan common collective works. However, these last levels of subdivisions do not have their own local administration: they are mostly natural economical units for agriculture (and consequently referenced in local norms for constructions and urbanisation as well) and the reference space for families (they may be appended to the names of people and their properties) and are still used in statistics. Historically, these structures had been used for defensive purpose as well, and were more tied to the local Catholic church and parishes (notably after the Reconquista).
Wildlife
At the time of human arrival, the only terrestrial mammals native to the Balearic Islands were the dwarf goat-antelope
Economy
The gross domestic product (GDP) of the autonomous community was 32.5 billion euros in 2018, accounting for 2.7% of Spanish economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 29,700 euros or 98% of the EU27 average in the same year.[52]
Transport
Water transport
There are approximately 150 ferries between Mallorca and other destinations every week,[53] most of them to mainland Spain.
- Baleària
- to the Balearic Islands from Dénia, Valencia and Barcelona
- Trasmediterránea
- Grandi Navi Veloci
- to Palma from Valencia and Barcelona
- Corsica Ferries
- Alcudia
Sport
Association football
The islands' most prominent
The islands also have several professional football clubs, including
There is also the
Basketball
In basketball, the islands haven't had much success. Despite that Menorca Bàsquet became the only Menorcan & Balearic basketball team to be on Liga ACB, having been 5 seasons in total before disbanding in 2012.
Now there are 2 clubs from the Balearic Islands that have been in the second division
Several basketball players have come from the Balearic Islands, including
Individuals
Tennis player
Watersports
Ibiza is one of the world's top yachting hubs attracting a wide assortment of charter yachts.[56]
See also
- Battle of Majorca
- Formentera
- Ibiza
- Ibiza (town)(Vila d'Eivissa or Vila)
- List of butterflies of Menorca
- List of dragonflies of Menorca
- List of municipalities in Balearic Islands
- List of presidents of the Balearic Islands Parliament
- Mallorca
- Menorca
- Palma de Mallorca
- List of presidents of the Balearic Islands
Notes and references
- ^ "Contabilidad Regional de España" (PDF). www.ine.es.
- ^ "Ley 3/1986, de 19 de abril, de normalización linguística". Boe.es. Archived from the original on 22 October 2007. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
- ^ "Ley 13/1997, de 25 de abril, por la que pasa a denominarse oficialmente Illes Balears la Provincia de Baleares". Boe.es. Archived from the original on 22 October 2007. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
- ^ "Ley Orgánica 1/2007, de 28 de febrero, de reforma del Estatuto de Autonomía de las Illes Balears". Boe.es. Archived from the original on 22 October 2007. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
- ^
Wells, John C. (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). Longman. ISBN 978-1-4058-8118-0.
- ISBN 978-0-521-15253-2.
- ^ Estatut d'Autonomia de les Illes Balears, Llei Orgànica 1/2007, article 1r
- ^ "The Party Island of Ibiza". www.vice.com.
- ^ Plin.; Agathem.; Dion Cass. ap. Tzetz. ad Lycophr. 533; Eustath.
- ^ Williams, George (1854). "Baleares". In Smith, William (ed.). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography: Abacaenum-Hytanis. Little, Brown and Company. p. 373.
- Diod. v. 17, Eustath. ad Dion. 457; Baliareis – Βαλιαρεῖς, Baliarides – Βαλιαρίδες, Steph. B.; Balearides – Βαλεαρίδες, Strabo; Balliarides – Βαλλιαρίδες, Ptol.ii. 6. § 78; Baleariae – Βαλεαρίαι Agathem.
- ^ a b c Strab. xiv. p. 654; Plin. l. c "The Rhodians, like the Baleares, were celebrated slingers"
Sil. Ital. iii. 364, 365: "Jam cui Tlepolemus sator, et cui Lindus origo, Funda bella ferens Balearis et alite plumbo." - ^ "The Geography of Strabo, Volume III (of 3) by Strabo". Hellenica World. Retrieved 5 January 2022.
- ISBN 9780444563576. Retrieved 21 June 2016.
- ^ "History of Mallorca" (PDF). 2007–2012. Retrieved 21 June 2016.
- ^ C. Michael Hogan. 2011. Balearic Sea. Encyclopedia of Earth. Eds. P. Saundry & C. J. Cleveland. National Council for Science and the Environment. Washington D.C.
- ^ "Standard climate values, Illes Balears". Aemet.es. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
- ^ "Guía resumida del clima en España (1981–2010)". Archived from the original on 18 November 2012.
- ^ "Valores climatológicos normales. Ibiza, Aeropuerto". June 2021.
- ^ "Valores Climatológicos Normales. Minorca / Aeropuerto". June 2021.
- PMID 32094539.
- S2CID 161324792.
- ^ "Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica, Books I-V, book 5, chapter 17". www.perseus.tufts.edu.
- Tzetzesad Lycophron.
- ^ Strabo iii. pp. 167, 168.
- ^ Strabo; but Florus gives them a worse character, iii. 8.
- ^ Livy Epit. Ix.; Freinsh. Supp. lx. 37; Florus, Strabo ll. cc.
- ^ Strabo, Pomponius Mela, Pliny the Elder.
- ^ Notitia Dignitatum Occid. c. xx. vol. ii. p. 466, Böcking.
- ^ Aristot. de Mir. Ausc. 89; Diodorus, but Pliny praises their wine as well as their corn, xiv. 6. s. 8, xviii. 7. s. 12: the two writers are speaking, in fact, of different periods.
- ^ Strabo, Mela; Pliny l. c., viii. 58. s. 83, xxxv. 19. s. 59; Varro, R. R. iii. 12; Aelian, H. A. xiii. 15; Gaius Julius Solinus 26.
- ^ Pliny xxx. 6. s. 15.
- ^ Pliny xxxv. 6. s. 13; Vitruv. vii. 7.
- ^ Materia Medica i. 92.
- ^ τὸ Βαλλεαρικὸν πέλαγος, Ptol. ii 4. § 3.
- ^ Flor. iii. 6. § 9.
- ^ Carr, Matthew, Blood and Faith: the Purging of Muslim Spain (Leiden, 1968), p. 120.
- ^ Curiosidades turísticas en Menorca. Sobreespana.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-12.
- ^ "Mayonnaise". Andalucia For Holidays. 6 July 2013. Archived from the original on 15 December 2013. Retrieved 12 July 2013.
- ^ "Enquesta d'usos lingüístics a les Illes Balears 2014 - Anàlisi" (in Catalan). Conselleria de Cultura, Participació i Esports (Govern de les Illes Balears) - Departament de Cultura (Generalitat de Catalunya) - Universitat de les Illes Balears. October 2017. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
A partir dels anys seixanta, la població illenca pràcticament s'ha triplicat. El principal factor ha estat l'aportació de la immigració, que des d'un punt de vista lingüístic inclou les persones nascudes fora dels territoris de llengua catalana. Aquest factor, a més d'aportar no catalanoparlants procedents de fora del domini lingüístic, també n'aporta de nascuts a les Illes, majoritàriament, en el si de famílies immigrades. Per les circumstàncies i limitacions socials i polítiques de la societat que les acull, la integració lingüística d'aquestes persones sol ser lenta i incompleta. [] Fins a final de segle, gran part de la població immigrada procedia de l'Estat espanyol, però a partir d'aquests anys la immigració estrangera ha crescut fins a superar en nombre l'espanyola. En aquest sentit, també convé tenir en compte la incidència del turisme, que al llarg de l'any aporta un contingent de persones que multiplica per deu el nombre de residents, amb efectes directes en el paisatge lingüístic i la percepció dels rols de les diferents llengües que entren en contacte.
[Beginning with the 1960s, the population of the Islands has virtually tripled. The main factor has been immigration, which from a linguistic point of view includes people born outside of the Catalan speaking area. This factor, in addition to adding non-Catalan speakers from outside that area, includes also those born in the Islands within immigrant families. Because of the circumstances and political and social limitations of the society which accommodates them, the linguistic integration of these people is usually slow and incomplete. [...] Until the end of the [20th] century, a good deal of the immigrant population came from Spain, but afterwards foreign immigration has grown and has surpassed the Spanish one. [...] One has to consider also the impact of tourism [...].] - ^ Estad Archived 1 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Ibestat.cat. Retrieved on 2013-07-12.
- ^ "2011 census, from Institut Balear d'Estadística, Govern de les Illes Balears". Caib.es. Retrieved 30 June 2022.
- ^ "1.1.1.01 Población por año de nacimiento, isla de residencia y sexo". Institut d'Estadística de las Illes Balears (in Spanish). 2011. Retrieved 27 June 2019.
- Instituto Nacional de Estadística de España(01-01-2021)
- ^ a b "British and German foreign communities decreasing". Majorca Daily Bulletin. 19 January 2018. Retrieved 31 August 2018.
- ^ "Interactivo: Creencias y prácticas religiosas en España". La Vanguardia. 2 April 2015.
- ^ "El cristianismo judío de un chueta pobre". Monografias.com (in Spanish). 9 February 2003. Retrieved 10 November 2011.
- ^ Jefatura del Estado (26 April 1997), Ley 13/1997, de 25 de abril, por la que pasa a denominarse oficialmente Illes Balears la provincia de Baleares, p. 13448, retrieved 22 May 2023
- hdl:10261/85878.
- ISSN 0024-4082.
- ^ Seabirds of the Balearic Islands: status and recent changes (1987-2014) Conservation of Marine and Coastal Birds
- ^ "Regional GDP per capita ranged from 30% to 263% of the EU average in 2018". Eurostat.
- ^ "Mallorca Ferry Schedule". DirectFerries.com. Direct Ferries Limited. Retrieved 11 March 2022.
there are on average around 167 ferries running per week, across 12 different routes, provided by 3 different ferry operators
- ^ Spain Cups 2002/03. Rsssf.com (2004-02-03). Retrieved on 2013-07-12.
- ^ UEFA Champions League, Cup Winners Cup, UEFA Cup 1998–99. Rsssf.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-12.
- ^ "Yacht Charter Ibiza | Boat Charter Ibiza | Magenta Yachts Brokers". Magenta Yachts. Retrieved 6 August 2019.
References
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Smith, William, ed. (1854–1857). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London: John Murray.
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(help) - Guide to yacht clubs and marinas in Spain: Costa Blanca, Costa del Azahar, Islas Baleares (Madrid: Ministry of Transportation, Tourism and Communications, General Office of the Secretary of Tourism, General Office of Tourism Companies and Activities, 1987)
External links
- Lins, Joseph (1907). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 2. .
- Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). 1911. .
- Balearic Islands at Curlie