Claytosmunda
Claytosmunda Temporal range:
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Division: | Polypodiophyta |
Class: | Polypodiopsida |
Order: | Osmundales |
Family: | Osmundaceae |
Section: | Claytosmunda (Y.Yatabe, N.Murak. & K.Iwats.) Metzgar & Rouhan |
Species: | C. claytoniana
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Binomial name | |
Claytosmunda claytoniana (L.) Metzgar & Rouhan
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Synonyms[2][3] | |
(genus)
(species)
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Claytosmunda is a genus of fern. It has only one extant species, Claytosmunda claytoniana (synonym Osmunda claytoniana), the interrupted fern, native to Eastern Asia, Eastern United States, and Eastern Canada.
The specific epithet is named after the English-born Virginian botanist John Clayton.[4] "Interrupted" describes the gap in middle of the blade left by the fertile portions after they wither and eventually fall off.[5]
The plant is known from
Description
Claytosmunda claytoniana
In their absence, the plant in all its stages appears similar to
Like other species in the family Osmundaceae, it grows a very large rhizome, with persistent stipe bases from previous years. It forms small, dense colonies, spreading locally through its rhizome, and often forming fairy rings.
Taxonomy
The species was first described by
Extinct species
After[8]
- †C. beardmorensis (J.M.Schopf, 1978) (Middle Triassic: East Antarctica).
- †C. chengii Blomfleur et al. 2017 (Middle Jurassic: Liaoning, China).
- †C. johnstonii (Tidwell, Munzing & M.R.Banks, 1991) (?Early Jurassic: Tasmania, Australia).
- †C. embreii (Stockey & S.Y.Sm., 2000) (Early Cretaceous: California, USA).
- †C. liaoningensis (Wu Zhang & Shao-Lin Zheng, 1991) (Middle Jurassic: Liaoning, China).
- †C. nathorstii (C.N.Mill., 1967) (Palaeogene: Svalbard).
- †C. plumites (N.Tian & Y.D.Wang 2014[a]) (Middle Jurassic: Liaoning, China).
- †C. preosmunda (Y.M.Cheng, Yu F.Wang & C.S.Li, 2007) (Middle Jurassic: Liaoning, China).
- †C. sinica (Y.M.Cheng & C.S.Li, 2007) (Middle Jurassic: Liaoning, China).
- †C. tekelili (E.I.Vera, 2012) (Early Cretaceous: West Antarctica).
- †C. wangii (N.Tian & Y.D.Wang, 2014[b]) (Middle Jurassic: Liaoning, China).
- †C. wehrii (C.N.Mill., 1982) (Miocene: Washington, USA).
- †C. zhangiana Tian et al, 2021. (Middle Jurassic, Liaoning, China)[9]
Distribution
North America
In eastern North America it occurs in: the Great Lakes region; eastern Canada – in southern Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec (north to tree line); and east to Newfoundland; eastern United States – upper New England south through the Appalachian Mountains and Atlantic seaboard, into the Southeastern United States in Georgia and Alabama; and west across the Southern United States to Mississippi River, and back up the Mississippi embayment through the Midwestern United States to the Great Lakes.
Asia
In eastern Asia, the fern is found in the
Ecology
Claytosmunda claytoniana is found in humid zones, mostly in forests, but also in more open
Hybrids
Osmunda × ruggii, is a hybrid between C. claytoniana and O. spectabilis (American royal fern). The hybrid is considered important because it suggests a closer genetic relationship between C. claytoniana and O. spectabilis than between C. claytoniana and O. cinnamomeum (a fact which has led to moving O. cinnamomeum out of Osmunda and into its own genus Osmundastrum). Osmunda × ruggii is sterile and is known from only about two natural populations, despite the many areas in which both C. claytoniana and O. spectabilis are found.[10]
Uses
Medicinal
The
References
- ^ "NatureServe Explorer 2.0 - Osmunda claytoniana Interrupted Fern". explorer.natureserve.org. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
- ^ S2CID 39980610.
- ^ a b "Claytosmunda claytoniana (L.) Metzgar & Rouhan". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2019-08-08.
- ^ Fernald's "Gray's Manual of Botany" (1950)
- ^ University of Wisconsin-Madison Arboretum, Interrupted fern profile Archived 2013-09-27 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Osmunda claytoniana L." The International Plant Names Index. Retrieved 2019-08-08.
- ^ Hassler, M. (November 2018). "Species Details: Claytosmunda claytoniana (L.) Metzgar & Rouhan". World Ferns: Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World. The Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 2019-08-08.
- ^ PMID 28713650.
- S2CID 233549860.
- ^ "4. Osmunda ruggii R. M. Tryon".
- ^ Univ. Mich.-Dearborn College of Arts, Sciences, and Letters: Native American Ethnobotany: Osmunda species (scroll for O. claytoniana) . accessed 12.1.2011
- Flora of North America: Osmunda claytoniana RangeMap:
- Flora of Taiwan: Osmunda claytoniana
- Lamoureux, Gisèle and al. (1993). Fougères, prêles et lycopodes. Fleurbec. ISBN 978-2-920174-13-9.
- Phipps, C. J., Taylor, T. N., Taylor, E. L., Cuneo, N. R., Boucher, L. D., and Yao, X. (1998). Osmunda (Osmundaceae) from the Triassic of Antarctica: An example of evolutionary stasis. American Journal of Botany, 85: 888–895