Conscription in the Philippines
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Conscription in the Philippines has been implemented at several points in the country's history. As of 2022[update], no mandatory conscription is in effect in the Philippines and military service is entirely voluntary as stated in the 1987 constitution. [1] [2] However, there have been calls for mandatory conscription by Vice President Sara Duterte,[3] along with several Senators pushing for a bill to introduce mandatory Reserve Officers' Training Corps enrollment.
History
Mandatory military service has been employed several times over the course of Philippine history.
Spanish Empire
During Spanish colonial rule,
Philippine Commonwealth
Conscription was introduced prior to
Martial Law under Ferdinand Marcos
Ferdinand Marcos declared martial law on 21 September 1972. He issued at least two Presidential Decrees governing the terms of conscription of trainees into selective emergency military service, one for a period of 12 months[11] in 1973 and another for a period of 18 months in 1974.[12]
Present day
Conscription remains a possibility as Section 4, Article II of the Constitution of the Philippines states:[13]
"The Government may call upon the people to defend the State and, in the fulfillment thereof, all citizens may be required, under conditions provided by law, to render personal, military or civil service."
— Section 4, Article II, Constitution of the Philippines
In addition, the
Future implementation
In January 2022, before her election as
See also
References
- ^ "Section 4, Article II of the 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines". Official Gazette Philippines.
- ^ Central Intelligence Agency. "The World Factbook: Military Service Age and Obligation". Archived from the original on 22 March 2016. Retrieved 28 February 2016.
17-23 years of age (officers 20-24) for voluntary military service; no conscription; applicants must be single male or female Philippine citizens with either 72 college credit hours (enlisted) or a baccalaureate degree (officers) (2013)
- ^ a b "Sara Duterte to push for mandatory military service if elected VP". CNN Philippines. Archived from the original on 2022-05-27. Retrieved 2022-05-27.
- ^ a b Mallari, Perry Gil S. (9 August 2011). "Military service of Filipinos under Spain". Retrieved 28 July 2013.
- ^ Mateo, Grace Estela. "The Philippines: The Story of a Nation". Retrieved 28 July 2013.
- ^ Nelson, James. "Spanish Order of Battle, 1897: Philippines". Retrieved 20 August 2012.
- ^ Budge, Kent G. "The Pacific War Online Encyclopedia: Conscription". Retrieved 28 June 2013.
- ^ National Assembly of the Philippines. "CA No. 1". Retrieved 28 June 2013.
- ^ Morton, Louis. "The Fall of the Philippines". Retrieved 29 June 2013.
- ISBN 0-19-507104-2.
- ^ Ferdinand Marcos. "Presidential Decree No. 182". Retrieved 28 June 2013.
- ^ Ferdinand Marcos. "Presidential Decree No. 567". Retrieved 28 June 2013.
- ^ "1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines". Retrieved 28 July 2013.
- ^ 12th Congress of the Republic of the Philippines. "Republic Act 9163". Retrieved 28 July 2013.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Mercado, Neil Arwin (20 June 2022). "VP-elect Sara Duterte hopes mandatory ROTC training will be in priority legislative agenda". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
- ^ Bacelonia, Wilnard (2022-07-07). "Lawmakers push reinstatement of mandatory ROTC". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
- ^ CNN Philippines Staff (26 June 2022). "Dela Rosa to push for mandatory ROTC bill". CNN Philippines. Nine Media Corporation. Archived from the original on 8 August 2022. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
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