Cripto
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Location (UCSC) | Chr 2: 130.52 – 130.53 Mb | Chr 1: 34.57 – 34.58 Mb | |||||||
PubMed search | [3] | [4] |
View/Edit Human | View/Edit Mouse |
Cripto is an EGF-CFC or epidermal growth factor-CFC, which is encoded by the Cryptic family 1 gene.[5] Cryptic family protein 1B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CFC1B gene.[6][7] Cryptic family protein 1B acts as a receptor for the TGF beta signaling pathway. It has been associated with the translation of an extracellular protein for this pathway.[5] The extracellular protein which Cripto encodes plays a crucial role in the development of left and right division of symmetry.[8]
Crypto is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored co-receptor that binds
Structure
Cripto is composed of two adjacent
Function
In the Nodal signaling pathway of embryonic development, Cripto has been shown to have dual function as a co-receptor as well as ligand. Particularly in cell cultures, it has been shown to act as a signaling molecule with the capabilities of a growth factor, and in co-culture assays, it has displayed the property of a co-ligand to Nodal. Glycosylation is responsible for mediating this interface with Nodal. EGF-CFC proteins’ composition as a receptor complex is further solidified by the GPI linkage, making the cell membrane connection able to regulate growth factor signaling of Nodal.[5]
Expression during embryonic development
High concentrations of Cripto are found in both the trophoblast and inner cell mass, along the primitive streak as the second epithelial-mesenchymal transformation event occurs to form the
Cripto's functions have been hypothesized from these null mutation studies. It is now known that Cripto is similar to other morphogens originating from the primitive streak in that it is asymmetrically expressed, specifically in a proximal-distal gradient,[14] explaining the failure of posterior structures to form in the absence of Cripto.
The role in cancer
The high expression of Cripto-1 was detected in many types of cancer such as pancreatic, breast and colon cancer. The high expression levels were linked to poor survival rate in cancer patients. Its role was suggested to be through promotion of
Clinical significance
CFC1B has
See also
Teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 1
References
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000152093 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000026124 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ PMID 12052855.
- ^ "Entrez Gene: cripto".
- PMID 8889548.
- ^ "CFC1".
- S2CID 19533260.
- PMID 21640172.
- ^ PMID 17125258.
- PMID 11714675.
- PMID 23747598.
- ^ S2CID 4415496.
- PMID 11825688.
- PMID 28098905.
- PMID 33966694.)
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: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of April 2024 (link - PMID 19152270.
- PMID 24911146.
External links
- CFC1+protein,+human at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
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TGF beta superfamily of ligands |
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BMP, family ) |
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Transducers/SMAD | |||||||
Ligand inhibitors | |||||||
Coreceptors | |||||||
Other |