Activin type 2 receptors

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The activin type 2 receptors belong to a larger

osteogenesis, apoptosis and many other functions. There are two activin type two receptors: ACVR2A and ACVR2B
.

Despite the large amount of processes that these ligands regulate, they all operate through essentially the same

receptor regulated SMAD (R-SMAD) which it phosphorylates. The RSMAD then translocates to the nucleus where it functions as a transcription factor
.

Function

Several

plantaris muscles).[1] Two of these muscle groups (pectoralis and triceps) were increased in ACVR2B −/− (null) mutants.[1]

Activin plays a significant role in reproduction. ACVR2 receptors are present in the testis during testicular development.

sertoli cells.[2] These cells are responsive to both autocrine and paracrine activin B signaling, which controls their proliferation.[2] Cells of the epididymis also have ACVR2A receptors present. ACVR2B receptors were found to be localized in the rete testis.[2]

Clinical significance

The ACVR2 gene is often found inactivated in

microsatellite instability.[3]

In a lab, it has been shown that truncated mutations in the ACVR2 gene causes a significant reduction in activin mediated cell signaling. In 58.1% of microsatellite unstable (MSI-H) colorectal cancers the ACVR2A gene has been found mutated. It also plays a role in non-MSI-H colorectal cancers.[4]

Inhibitors

References

  1. ^
    PMID 16330774
    .
  2. ^
    PMID 12052232
    .
  3. PMID 16337854
    .
  4. PMID 14691305
    .
  5. ^ New Myostatin Blocker Makes Mouse Muscles 60 Percent Larger Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine, MDA Research News, January 6, 2006
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