Crown of Ireland Act 1542
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Long title | An Act that the King of England, his Heirs and Successors, be Kings of Ireland. |
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Citation | 33 Hen. 8. c. 1 (I) |
Territorial extent |
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Other legislation | |
Amended by | Statute Law Revision (Pre-Union Irish Statutes) Act, 1962 (ROI) |
Revised text of statute as amended |
The Crown of Ireland Act 1542
The
Background
The
Under
The Act was passed in the Parliament of Ireland, meeting in Dublin, on 18 June 1542, being read out to parliament in English and Irish.[3]
Further developments in the 16th century
The secession of various European rulers during the
After the death of Henry VIII's only legitimate son,
Mary died without issue in 1558, and the thrones of England and Ireland passed to her half-sister,
Subsequent developments
Over the course of the next two centuries, the papacy and Europe's Catholic rulers continued to recognise Ireland as a kingdom in its own right, whilst at the same time asserting its Protestant monarchy as illegitimate.[citation needed] Simultaneously, they would incite Catholic rebellion to Protestants in the island as a means of recovering Ireland to a Catholic sovereign, preceding the establishment of a Catholic sovereign on the English and Scottish thrones.[citation needed] In reply, British diplomacy concentrated on receiving the recognition of the sovereignty of Ireland from Catholic Europe in the hope of thereby ending future Catholic sovereign incitements of the larger Catholic peasantry and securing the western flank of Great Britain from Catholic invasion.[citation needed]
In 1690, Pope Clement XI endorsed the protestant King William III's campaign to defeat the remaining Jacobite forces on the island.[5]
Until 1801, Ireland continued to exist as a Kingdom in its own right, with its own Parliament. The government of Ireland, however, remained exclusively Protestant, even after
The 20th century
As a result of the Anglo-Irish Treaty that ended the Irish War of Independence, most of Ireland officially left the United Kingdom in December 1922 and became the Irish Free State, a mostly self-governing dominion that still retained the British monarch as its sovereign and head of state. Northern Ireland, having been partitioned from what would become the Irish Free State by the Government of Ireland Act 1920, remained in the United Kingdom, with its own parliament and devolved system of government. Despite these fundamental changes, the 16th-century Act remained unamended on the statute books.
From a British perspective, the Irish Free State became legislatively independent with the passage in the British Parliament of the Statute of Westminster 1931. However, the Irish Free State considered itself legislatively independent before its passage and did not recognise its legal situation as having changed. The dominion thereafter shared the person of its monarch with the United Kingdom and the other Dominions of the then-called British Commonwealth.
The Irish Free State adopted a new constitution in 1937 with a president, while the Irish monarchy, which had been retained for external relations, was abolished in Irish law by The Republic of Ireland Act 1948, which became law in April 1949. Though no longer effective, the Tudor Act remained on the Republic of Ireland's statute books until formally repealed in 1962.[6]
See also
- Protestant Ascendancy
- Style of the British Sovereign
- High treason in the United Kingdom
- Treason Act
References
- Blackstone, Sir William and Stewart, James (1839). The Rights of Persons, According to the Text of Blackstone: Incorporating the Alterations Down to the Present Time. p. 92.
- Short Titles Act (Northern Ireland) 1951; the Act lacks a short title in the Republic of Ireland.
- ^ Grattan, Henry (1822). "Regency: Feb. 11, 1789". The Speeches of the Right Honourable Henry Grattan in the Irish, and in the Imperial Parliament. Vol. II. Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme and Brown. p. 114. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
The act of Henry VIII., commonly called the act of annexation, proves and ascertains what the member's arguments would deny, the existence, properties, and prerogatives of the Irish crown.
; A Review of Mr. Grattan's Answer to the Earl of Clare's Speech (PDF). Vol. Part the first. Dublin: J. Milliken. 1800. p. 6.What by a bold flight of imperialism we now denominate the Act of Annexation, (33d Hen. VIII. c. 1.) was in truth no more than an alteration in the Royal style.
- ISBN 978-0-19-821744-2.
- ^ "Crown of Ireland Act 1542". Heraldica. 25 July 2003. Retrieved 1 November 2012.
- ^ "Pope supported the Protestant King William". independent. Retrieved 16 April 2023.
- ^ The Statute Law Revision (Pre-Union Irish Statutes) Act 1962, section 1 and Schedule Archived 11 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
External links
- Text of the Crown of Ireland Act (I) 1542 (c. 1) as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from legislation.gov.uk.