Dendrobranchiata
Dendrobranchiata Temporal range:
| |
---|---|
Penaeus monodon | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Malacostraca |
Order: | Decapoda |
Suborder: | Dendrobranchiata Bate, 1888 |
Superfamilies and families[1] | |
Synonyms [2] | |
Penaeidea Dana, 1852 |
Dendrobranchiata is a suborder of
Shrimp and prawns
While Dendrobranchiata and
Description
Together with other swimming Decapoda, Dendrobranchiata show the "caridoid facies", or shrimp-like form.
Head
The most conspicuous appendages arising from the head are the antennae. The first pair are biramous (having two flagella), except in Luciferidae, and are relatively small.[5] The second pair can be 2–3 times the length of the body and are always uniramous (having a single flagellum).[5] The mouthparts comprise pairs of mandibles, maxillules and maxillae, arising from the head, and three pairs of maxillipeds, arising from the thorax.[6] A pair of stalked eyes points forwards from the head.[7]
Thorax
The carapace grows from the thorax to cover the cephalothorax, and extends forwards between the eyes into a rostrum.[7] This is only as long as the stalked eyes in Benthesicymidae, Luciferidae and Sergestidae, but considerably longer in Aristeidae.[7]
As well as the three pairs of maxillipeds, the thorax also bears five pairs of
The thoracic appendages carry
Pleon
The
Internal anatomy
Most of the musculature of a prawn is used for bending the pleon, and almost all the space in the pleon is filled by muscle.[15] More than 17 muscles operate each of the pleopods, and a further 16 power the tail fan in the rapid backward movement of the caridoid escape reaction.[16] These muscles, collectively, are the meat for which prawns are commercially fished and farmed.[17]
The
The
The circulatory system is based around a compact, triangular heart, which pumps blood into three main arteries.[22] Excretion is carried out through the gills, and by specialised glands located at the base of the antennae, and is mostly in the form of ammonia.[23]
Life cycle
Prawns may be divided into two groups: those with an open thelycum (female genitalia) and those with a closed thelycum.[24] In the open–thelycum species, mating takes place towards the end of the moulting cycle, and usually at sunset.[25] In closed–thelycum species, mating takes place shortly after moulting, when the exoskeleton is still soft, and usually occurs in the night.[26] Courtship and mating may take up to 3 hours in Penaeus monodon, while in Farfantepenaeus paulensis, mating lasts just 4–5 seconds.[26] Spawning may occur several times during the moulting cycle, and usually occurs at night.[27]
With the exception of
Uniquely among the Decapoda, the nauplii of Dendrobranchiata are free-swimming.[28] There are five to eight naupliar stages.[29] The earlier stages have three pairs of appendages that are used for locomotion – two pairs of antennae and the mandibles. Later stages also have rudiments of other mouthparts, but the nauplius is unable to feed, and only lasts 24 to 68 hours.[28] The body ends at a two-lobed telson, and the beginnings of a carapace emerge at this stage.[29]
There are typically 5 or 6 zoea stages in Dendrobranchiata, divided into protozoea and mysis.
By the mysis stages, the
The post-larva or
Systematics
Dendrobranchiata were traditionally grouped together with Caridea as "Natantia" (the swimming decapoda), as opposed to the Reptantia (the walking decapods). In 1888, Charles Spence Bate recognised the differences in gill morphology, and separated Natantia into Dendrobranchiata, Phyllobranchiata and Trichobranchiata.[32] Recent analyses using cladistics and molecular phylogenetics recognise Dendrobranchiata as the sister group to all other Decapoda, collectively called Pleocyemata.[33]
The cladogram below shows Dendrobranchiata's placement within the larger order Decapoda, from analysis by Wolfe et al., 2019.[34]
Decapoda |
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Before 2010, the earliest known fossil prawns come from rocks in
Living prawns are divided among seven families, five in the
The cladogram below shows Dendrobranchiata's internal relationships of
Dendrobranchiata | |
Dendrobranchiata comprises the following
- Superfamily Penaeoidea Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1815
- † Aciculopodidae Feldmann & Schweitzer, 2010 – a single Famennian species, Aciculopoda mapesi [37]
- † Aegeridae Burkenroad, 1963 – two Mesozoic genera: Aeger and Acanthochirana [39]
- Aristeidae Wood-Mason, 1891 – 26 extant species in 9 genera, and one fossil genus [40]
- Benthesicymidae Wood-Mason, 1891 – 41 species in 4 genera [40]
- † Carpopenaeidae Garassino, 1994 – two Cretaceous species of Carpopenaeus [41]
- Penaeidae Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1815 – 216 extant species in 26 genera, and several extinct genera, mostly Mesozoic [42]
- Solenoceridae Wood-Mason, 1891 – 81 species in 9 genera [44]
- Superfamily Sergestoidea Dana, 1852
- Luciferidae De Haan, 1849 – 7 species in 2 genera
- Sergestidae Dana, 1852 – 90 extant species in six genera, and two extinct monotypic genera [45]
Distribution
The
Ecology and behaviour
There is a great deal of ecological variation within the suborder Dendrobranchiata. Some species of Sergestidae live in fresh water, but most prawns are exclusively marine.[31] Species of Sergestidae and Benthesicymidae mostly live in deep water, and Solenoceridae species live offshore, while most Penaeidae species live in shallow inshore waters, and Lucifer is planktonic.[31] Some species burrow in mud on the sea floor during the day and emerge at night to feed.[31]
Prawns are "opportunistic omnivores",
Prawns are an attractive food for
Economic importance
Dendrobranchiata are of huge importance. While in some countries, such as the
Species from the family
The most important species for
References
- ^ a b c De Grave et al., 2009
- ^ a b Martin & Davis, 2001
- ^ a b c Tavares & Martin, 2010, p. 100
- ^ Dall, 1990, pp. 3–4
- ^ a b Tavares & Martin, 2010, p. 106
- ^ Tavares & Martin, 2010, pp. 106–108
- ^ a b c Tavares & Martin, 2010, p. 102
- ^ Tavares & Martin, 2010, pp. 108–110
- ^ a b Tavares & Martin, 2010, p. 110
- ^ Tavares & Martin, 2010, pp. 103–105
- ^ Tavares & Martin, 2010, p. 103
- ^ Tavares & Martin, 2010, p. 105
- ^ Tavares & Martin, 2010, pp. 110–111
- ^ a b Tavares & Martin, 2010, p. 111
- ^ Tavares & Martin, 2010, p. 113
- ^ Tavares & Martin, 2010, pp. 113–114
- ^ Kanduri & Eckhardt, 2002, p. 42
- ^ Tavares & Martin, 2010, p. 114
- ^ Tavares & Martin, 2010, pp. 116–118
- ^ a b c Tavares & Martin, 2010, p. 118
- ^ Tavares & Martin, 2010, pp. 118–119
- ^ Tavares & Martin, 2010, p. 120
- ^ Tavares & Martin, 2010, pp. 120–121
- ^ Tavares & Martin, 2010, p. 125
- ^ Tavares & Martin, 2010, pp. 125–126
- ^ a b Tavares & Martin, 2010, p. 126
- ^ Tavares & Martin, 2010, p. 127
- ^ a b c d e f Tavares & Martin, 2010, p. 130
- ^ a b c d e f g Tavares & Martin, 2010, p. 131
- ^ a b c d e Tavares & Martin, 2010, p. 133
- ^ a b c d e f g Tavares & Martin, 2010, p. 134
- ^ Tavares & Martin, 2010, p. 99
- ^ a b c Tavares & Martin, 2010, p. 137
- ^ PMID 31014217.
- ^ Crean, 2004
- ^ a b Schram et al., 2000
- ^ a b Feldmann & Schweitzer, 2010
- ^ Ma et al., 2009
- ^ Tavares & Martin, 2010, p. 151
- ^ a b Tavares & Martin, 2010, p. 152
- ^ Tavares & Martin, 2010, pp. 152–153
- ^ Tavares & Martin, 2010, p. 153
- ^ Tavares & Martin, 2010, p. 154
- ^ Tavares & Martin, 2010, p. 155
- ^ Tavares & Martin, 2010, p. 156
- ^ a b Tavares & Martin, 2010, p. 145
- ^ a b c Tavares & Martin, 2010, p. 135
- ^ Dall, 1990, p. 357
- ^ a b Dall, 1990, p. 358
- ^ Dall, 1990, p. 359
- ^ a b c Tavares & Martin, 2010, p. 136
Bibliography
- Bill Baker; Peggy Bendel. "Come and Say G'Day!". Travel Marketing Decisions (Summer 2005). Archived from the original (PDF) on November 4, 2007. Retrieved December 21, 2007.
- Robert P. D. Crean (November 14, 2004). "Dendrobranchiata". Order Decapoda. University of Bristol. Archived from the original on February 29, 2012. Retrieved December 26, 2009.
- William Dall (1990). The Biology of the Penaeidae. Advances in Marine Biology. Vol. 27. ISBN 978-0-12-026127-7.
- Sammy De Grave; N. Dean Pentcheff; Shane T. Ahyong; et al. (2009). "A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans" (PDF). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. Suppl. 21: 1–109. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2011-06-06.
- Rodney Feldmann; Carrie Schweitzer (2010). "The oldest shrimp (Devonian: Famennian) and remarkable preservation of soft tissue". .
- Indian Aquaculture Authority (2001). "Shrimp Aquaculture and the Environment - An Environment Impact Assessment Report, chapter 2; IAA report" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-16.
- Laxman Kanduri; Ronald A. Eckhardt (2002). "HACCP in shrimp processing". Food Safety in Shrimp Processing: a Handbook for Shrimp Processors, Importers, Exporters and Retailers. ISBN 978-0-85238-270-7.
- K. Y. Ma; T.-Y. Chan; K. H. Chu (2009). "Phylogeny of penaeoid shrimps (Decapoda: Penaeoidea) inferred from nuclear protein-coding genes". PMID 19477284.
- J. W. Martin; G. E. Davis (2001). An Updated Classification of the Recent Crustacea (PDF). Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. pp. 1–132. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-05-12. Retrieved 2009-12-26.
- Frederick R. Schram; Shen Yanbin; Ronald Vonk; Rodney S. Taylor (2000). "The first fossil stenopodidean" (PDF). JSTOR 20106269.
- Carolina Tavares; Joel W. Martin (2010). "Suborder Dendrobranchiata Bate, 1888" (PDF). In F. R. Schram; J. C. von Vaupel Klein; J. Forest; M. Charmantier-Daures (eds.). Eucarida: Euphausiacea, Amphionidacea, and Decapoda (partim). Treatise on Zoology – Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology – The Crustacea. Vol. 9A. ISBN 978-90-04-16441-3.
External links
- Michael Türkay (2011). "Dendrobranchiata". World Register of Marine Species.
- J. K. Lowry. "Dendrobranchiata (Decapoda, Eucarida, Malacostraca)". Crustacea, the Higher Taxa. Australian Museum. Archived from the original on 2012-03-23. Retrieved 2011-06-11.
- Arthropod Genomic Consortium. "Dendrobranchiata". ArthropodBase wiki. Archived from the original on 2013-04-14.
- Media related to Dendrobranchiata at Wikimedia Commons
- Data related to Dendrobranchiata at Wikispecies