Dessau
This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (November 2013) |
Dessau | |
---|---|
Stadtteil of Dessau-Roßlau | |
Urban district | |
Town | Dessau-Roßlau |
Area | |
• Total | 182.81 km2 (70.58 sq mi) |
Elevation | 61 m (200 ft) |
Population (2020-12-31)[1] | |
• Total | 67,747 |
• Density | 370/km2 (960/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
Postal codes | 06811-06849 |
Dialling codes | 0340 |
Vehicle registration | DE |
Website | www.dessau.de |
Dessau is a district of the independent city of Dessau-Roßlau in Saxony-Anhalt at the confluence of the rivers Mulde and Elbe, in the Bundesland (Federal State) of Saxony-Anhalt. Until 1 July 2007, it was an independent city. The population of Dessau is 67,747 (Dec. 2020).[1]
Geography
Dessau is situated on a floodplain where the Mulde flows into the Elbe. This causes yearly floods. The worst flood took place in the year 2002, when the Waldersee district was nearly completely flooded. The south of Dessau touches a well-wooded area called Mosigkauer Heide. The highest elevation is a 110 m high former rubbish dump called Scherbelberg in the southwest of Dessau. Dessau is surrounded by numerous parks and palaces that make it one of the greenest towns in Germany.
History
Dessau was first mentioned in 1213. It became an important centre in 1570, when the Principality of Anhalt was founded. Dessau became the capital of this state within the Holy Roman Empire. In 1603, the state was split into four – later five – Anhalts, Dessau becoming the capital of the mini-state of Anhalt-Dessau. In 1863 two of the noble lines died out, and the Duchy of Anhalt became reunited. From 1918 to 1945, Dessau was the capital of the Free State of Anhalt.
Dessau is famous as the second site of the
The town was almost completely destroyed by Allied air raids in
The composer Kurt Weill was born in Dessau. Since 1993, the city has hosted an annual Kurt Weill Festival. Dessau was also the birthplace of the philosopher Moses Mendelssohn (in 1729), and Leopold I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (der alte Dessauer) (on 3 July 1676), a lauded field marshal for the Kingdom of Prussia.
In January 2005, Dessau gained notoriety for the mysterious death of a Sierra Leonean convicted drug trafficker and failed asylum seeker,
Sights
Castles and gardens
- Garden Kingdom of Dessau-Wörlitz, (Dessau-Wörlitzer Gartenreich) is a World Heritage Site landscape garden. It is an exceptional example of 18th century Age of Enlightenment landscape design in the English style.[2]
- Dresden Elbe Valley
- Zoo at Mausoleumspark
- Wallwitzburg
- Rondell
- remains of the Dessau Palace (Johannbau)
- Georgium Palace and Park
- Kühnau Palace and Park
- Mosigkau Palace and Park
- Luisium Palace and Park
- Erbprinzliches Palais Dessau (demolished)
The Bauhaus
There are several examples of Bauhaus architecture in Dessau, some of which are part of the Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau World Heritage Site. This includes the Bauhaus Dessau school building, designed by Walter Gropius, which is one of the iconic modernist buildings of the 20th century.[3]
In addition to the buildings that are part of the World Heritage Site, other notable Bauhaus architecture in Dessau includes:
- Dessau-Törten Estate, designed by Walter Gropius in 1926–1928.[4]
- Stahlhaus (Steel House), designed by Georg Muche and Richard Paulick in 1926–1927.[5]
- Fieger Haus, designed by Carl Fieger in 1927.[6]
- The Kornhaus, a restaurant overlooking the river Elbe designed by Carl Fieger in 1929–1930.[7]
- Arbeitsamt (Employment office), designed by Walter Gropius in 1928–1929. It is now the Dessau-Roßlau Amt für Ordnung und Verkehr (Authority of Public Security and Regulations).[8]
Churches
- St. Mary's Church
- St. John's Church
- Georgenkirche
- Petruskirche
- Auferstehungskirche
- Pauluskirche
- Christuskirche
- Propsteikirche St. Peter and Paul
- Dreieinigkeit
- St. Josef
Other sights
- Townhall, built in 1901
- The palaces of Waldersee and Dietrich, today used as libraries
- General post office
- New water tower
- Umweltbundesamt (formerly Wörlitzer Bahnhof)
- Footbridge crossing the river Mulde
Culture
Theatres and museums
- Anhaltisches Theater[9] including Gregor Seyffert & Compagnie[10]
- City history museum
- Anhalt Art Gallery at Georgium Palace with park (currently closed)
- Mosigkau Palace museum
- Luisium Castle museum with park
- Oranienbaum Palace museum with park
- Museum of Natural- and Prehistory
- Moses Mendelssohn-Centre
- Hugo Junkers Technical Museum
- UCI Cinema Complex
- Kiez-Cinema (one of the smallest Cinemas in Germany)[11]
Regional media
- Mitteldeutsche Zeitung (daily newspaper, Monday-Saturday)
- Wochenspiegel (free newspaper on Wednesday) and Supersonntag (free newspaper on Sunday)
- REGJO (quarterly Economy Journal for the Region of Halle)
- leo[12] (monthly, regional Event- and Culture Magazine)
- local Studios of the MDR and SAW (Radiostations)
- local TV Stations: RAN 1 and Offener Kanal Dessau
Transport
Public transport
The Dessau tramway network has three lines and is supplemented by numerous bus lines. Dessau's public transport is operated by Dessauer Verkehrsgesellschaft (DVG), which transports around 6 million people each year.
Railway stations
Roads
In 1938 the autobahn A9 (Munich-Berlin) was built southeast of the town area. The two exits to Dessau on the A9 are called Dessau-Ost and Dessau-Süd. Dessau is also crossed by the Bundesstrassen (federal roads) B 184 and B 185.
Airfield
The
Water
Today the Leopoldshafen (harbour) is used for annual international motorboat racing events. The "Wallwitzhafen" is used as a private pleasure boat harbour and the Elbehafen near the Grain House is used for cruisers. The next harbour for goods is situated in
Bikes
Dessau is located in the flat landscape of the
Sports
Sports like soccer, cycling, handball, volleyball, gymnastics, table tennis and tennis have a long tradition and are very popular in Dessau. The former soccer team SG Waggonbau Dessau won the GDR soccer cup in 1949. The handball team played in the GDR Oberliga and since 1990 they are playing in the 1st and 2nd Bundesliga. Currently, Dessau has around 80 sport clubs with over 13,500 members. Next to the traditional sports, Dessau has active sport clubs in the following disciplines: aikido, badminton, basketball, canoeing, chess, climbing, cycling, dancing, fishing, horse riding, karate, judo, jiu-jitsu, motorboat, rowing, speedskating, sailing, skittles, skydiving, squash, swimming, table tennis, water polo, wrestling and others.
Facilities
- Numerous sports fields (more than 10)
- Skittle alleys (6)
- Tennis courts (3)
- Boathouses (3)
- Indoor swimming pools (2)
- Paul-Greifzu-Stadion (22,000 capacity)
- Speedskating course
- Zuckerturm climbing tower
- Anhalt Arena Dessau (3,600 capacity)
- Airfield Dessau
- Rifle range
Governance
The borough of Dessau was first mentioned in 1372. The head of the town of Schultheiss was appointed by the count. Together with a few assessors, the Schultheiss formed the town council. As of 1372, the town council was divided into two agencies, as of 1600 into three agencies, and as of 1785 again into two agencies. The Schultheiss of Dessau changed nearly every year until the town council constitution was cancelled in 1832. Afterwards Dessau became a Town Council and a Town Delegation Constitution. Since 1852 the town leader has the title of mayor. During
In 2007, Dessau became part of the municipality of Dessau-Roßlau.
Mayor
Peter Kuras (born 1958) was elected mayor of Dessau-Roßlau in June 2014 with 75.82% of the votes for a term of seven years. He is the successor of Klemens Koschig (born 1957, independent), who was elected in 2007 with 56.8% of the votes.
Town Council (Stadtrat)
Consists of the following parties: (Local elections from 25 May 2014)
- CDU (14 seats)
- The Left (11 seats)
- The Greens (3 seats)
- SPD (7 seats)
- Pro Dessau (5 seats)
- AfD (3 seats)
- FDP (2 seats)
- Neues Forum (2 seats)
- Bürgerliste (2 seats)
- NPD 1 seat
Town twinning
Dessau is twinned with:
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Education
- Anhalt University of Applied Sciences (Architecture, Facility Management, Design and Geoinformatics)[14]
- Learning Centre from the German Chamber of Industry and Commerce (Halle/ Dessau)
- Anhalt Vocational School Centre Hugo Junkers I, II, and III (Chapon-School)
- Grammar School Walter Gropius
- Grammar School Liborius
- Grammar School "Philantropinum"
European subsidies
Dessau is part of the EU-URBAN programme. This programme is based on the integrated approach that is used for tackling the environmental, economical and social problems, affecting the deprived urban areas. There are several projects in Dessau sponsored via this subsidy.[citation needed]
Notable people
Academics
- Peter Lebrecht Schmidt (1933–2019), German classical scholar
Aristocracy and military
- George III, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (1507–1553), prince
- Bernhard VII, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst (1540–1570), prince
- John Casimir, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (1596–1660), prince
- John George II, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (1627–1693), prince and Prussian field marshal
- Leopold I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (1676–1747), ruler of Anhalt-Dessau from 1693 to 1747
- Leopold II, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau (1700–1751), prince and Prussian general
- Dietrich of Anhalt-Dessau (1702–1769), prince and Prussian field marshal
- Princess Adelheid-Marie of Anhalt-Dessau (1833–1916), Duchess of Nassau and Grand Duchess of Luxembourg
- Eduard, Duke of Anhalt (1861–1918), Prince of the House of Ascania and the penultimate ruler of the Duchy of Anhalt in 1918
- Oswald Boelcke (1891-1916), World War I air ace
- Joachim Ernst, Duke of Anhalt (1901–1947), the last ruler of the Duchy of Anhalt
Science and philosophy
- Moses Mendelssohn (1729–1786), German Jewish philosopher, father of Haskalah
- sunspots
- Karl Adolph von Basedow (1799–1854), a German physician
- Max Müller (1823–1900), philologist and Orientalist
- Franz Woepcke (1826–1864), an historian, Orientalist and mathematician
- Friedrich Preisigke (1856–1924), a German Egyptologist and papyrologist
- Junkers & Co
- Gustav Lindau (1866–1923), mycologist and botanist
- Johannes Winkler (1897–1947), launched the first liquid-fuelled rocket in Europe at Dessau
- Hans von Ohain (1911–1998), physicist, designer of the first jet engine
- Gernot Böhme (1937–2022), philosopher and author
The arts
- Wilhelm Karl Rust (1787–1855), a German pianist
- Friedrich von Olivier (1791–1859), a German history painter in the Romantic style
- Lieder of Franz Schubert
- Ludwig Philippson (1811–1889), writer and rabbi, founder of Allgemeine Zeitung des Judentums
- Wilhelm Rust (1822–1892), composer, musicologist, Bach researcher and choirmaster
- Bernhard Cossmann (1822–1910), a German cellist
- Friedrich Grützmacher (1832–1903), cellist and composer
- Leopold Grützmacher (1835-1900), a German cellist and composer.
- Erna Schorlemmer (1875-1945), a German composer
- Julius Schubring(1839–1914), classical scholar
- Henriette Johanne Marie Müller (1841–1916), a street character identified with Hamburg
- August Klughardt (1847–1902), composer and conductor[15]
- Kurt Weill (1900–1950), composer, grew up in Dessau, worked with Bertolt Brecht,
- Gerhard Nebel (1903–1974), writer, essayist and cultural critic
- Ursula Herking (1912–1974), actress and cabaret artist[16]
- Anne-Marie Lauenstein (1923–2010), first German war bride to emigrate to the US in 1946
- Herbert Tobias (1924–1982), fashion photographer
- Horst Bollmann (1925–2014), a German film and television actor[17]
- Gerhard Stolze (1926–1979), a German operatic tenor
- Karl-Heinz Kämmerling (1930–2012), professor of piano
- Brigitte Grothum (born 1935), a German film actress[18]
- Dieter Hallervorden (born 1935), comedian, cabaret artist and singer, hon. citizen of Dessau[19]
- Imi Knoebel (born 1940), a German artist of minimalist, abstract painting and sculpture
- Emil Schult (born 1946), painter, poet and musician
- Thomas Kretschmann (born 1962), actor[20]
- Annette Schlünz (born 1964), a German musician and composer
- Michael Flade (born 1975), German composer of electronic music
Sports
- Ameli Koloska (born 1944), javelin thrower, competed in the 1968 Summer Olympics
- Danny Fuchs (born 1976), retired Bundesliga football player
- Carsten Rump (born 1981), a retired German footballer with 436 club caps
Gallery
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Dessau with the remains of the Dessau Palace and Mulde river
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Hunting bridge over the Mulde (b. 1993)
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Junkers-works in Dessau and portrait of its founder
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Side view of the Rathaus Dessau
References
- ^ a b Einwohner mit Hauptwohnsitz am 31.12.2020 (OR 07-21, SBB1-5), Stadt Dessau-Roßlau, accessed 28 September 2021.
- ^ Unesco. Garden Kingdom of Dessau-Wörlitz. Retrieved 2 January 2019
- ^ "Bauhaus and its Sites in Weimar, Dessau and Bernau". UNESCO. Retrieved 29 December 2018.
- ^ Bauhaus Dessau Foundation. Dessau-Törten Estate. Retrieved 2 January 2019
- ^ Bauhaus Dessau Foundation. Steel House. Retrieved 2 January 2019
- ^ Bauhaus Dessau Foundation. Fieger House. Retrieved 2 January 2019
- ^ Bauhaus Dessau Foundation. Kornhaus. Retrieved 2 January 2019
- ^ Bauhaus Dessau Foundation. Employment Office. Retrieved 2 January 2019
- ^ [1], Anhalt Theatre (German)
- ^ [2], Gregor Seyffert Company (English and German)
- ^ [3], Kiez Cinema Website (German)
- ^ [4], leo Magazine (German)
- ^ "Dessau-Rosslau". Archived from the original on 27 August 2007. Retrieved 18 June 2007., Twin Towns from www.dessau.de
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 15 June 2007. Retrieved 18 June 2007.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link), Anhalt University Website - New International Encyclopedia. 1905.
- ^ IMDb Database retrieved 21 September 2019
- ^ IMDb Database retrieved 21 September 2019
- ^ IMDb Database retrieved 21 September 2019
- ^ IMDb Database retrieved 21 September 2019
- ^ IMDb Database retrieved 21 September 2019
External links
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 08 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- Official Website of Dessau (English and German)