Environmental effects of paint
The environmental effects of paint can vary depending on the type of
The United States Environmental Protection Agency guidelines and Green Star standards can be applied.[not verified in body]
Issues
Low-VOC and other environmentally preferred paints
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are gases emitted by various solids or liquids, many of which have short- and long-term adverse health effects. Solvents in traditional paints often contain high quantities of VOCs. Low VOC paints improve indoor air quality and reduce urban smog.[citation needed] The beneficial characteristics of such paints include low odor, clean air, and safer technology, as well as excellent durability and a washable finish.
Low-VOC paint types include latex (water-based), recycled latex (water-based), acrylic, and milk paint.[1][2]
The labels of paint cans can be checked for the following information:
- To be considered low-VOC, the paint should contain <50 g/L of VOC.[citation needed]
- To be considered zero-VOC, the paint should contain <5 g/L of VOC.[citation needed]
- Solid content usually ranges 25–45%; higher solid percentages indicate less VOCs.[3]
In the US, items containing toxic ingredients have registration numbers with either the:
- US Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)
- Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
- United States Department of Transportation (DOT)
Antifouling paint
Antifouling paint (or bottom paint) is used to protect the hulls of boats from
Tributyltin is harmful to some marine organisms, including the dog whelk, it causes dog whelks to suffer from imposex; females develop male sexual characteristics such as a penis.[6] This causes them to become infertile or even die. In severe cases, males can develop egg sacs.
Alternatives include biomimetic antifouling coatings.
Heavy metals
- Lead
Lead paint contains lead as pigment. Lead is also added to paint to speed drying, increase durability, retain a fresh appearance, and resist moisture that causes corrosion. Although banned in many countries, paint with significant lead content is still used in areas such as Eastern Europe and Asia, most commonly for industry purposes like anticorrosive paint.[7] For example, leaded paint is sometimes used to paint roadways and parking lot lines. Lead, a poisonous metal, can damage nerve connections (especially in young children) and cause blood and brain disorders. Because of lead's low reactivity and solubility, lead poisoning usually only occurs in cases when it is dispersed, such as when sanding lead-based paint prior to repainting.
- Chromium
Types of Pollution
Production of gas leads to three main forms of pollution and waste: solid, liquid and gas.[8]
Liquid
The process of creating paint consumes a large amount of water and chemicals which leads to the production of large amounts of wastewater.[9] Roughly 70% of the wastewater produced by the paint manufacturing industry is released into natural bodies of water which causes the destination to be polluted.[9] The industry generates between 75 and 85 million gallons of wastewater per day. [9] The wastewater generated during production has high levels of chemical oxygen demand (COD) because of all the substances used in the creation process.[9][8]
Solid
The paint manufacturing process produces solid waste.[8] Most of the solid waste generated is formed in the dispersion, filing, and fluid transport stages of paint production.[8] Examples of solid waste that is formed during production include adhesives, plastic, and resins.[8]
Gas
Hazardous gases are released during the creation and use of paint and can be harmful to people.[10]
Total suspended particulate matter (TSPM or TSP) is one of these pollutants.
The volatile organic compounds emitted can potentially turn into hazardous air pollutants.
Mitigation
As a response to the environmental and health concerns, some paint manufacturers now offer environmentally friendly alternatives. Also, in some countries, paint recycling is carried out on surplus paints and resold.
Paint and coating manufacturers can modify their operations to reduce and mitigate air pollution.[12] The first step manufacturers can take to reduce air pollution is to eliminate the use of heavy metals in coating mixtures and reformulate coatings to be non-hazardous.[12] In place of heavy metals, non-hazardous biocides can be used to kill bacteria.[12] Manufacturers can also reduce emissions during the creation process by covering materials and tanks to reduce spills and leakage during the blending, mixing, and packaging of the paint.[12] Paint manufacturers can also start recycling paint; recycling paint allows new paint to be created with less emission.[12]
See also
- List of environmental issues
- Lead-based paint in the United Kingdom
- Lead-based paint in the United States
References
- ^ "Seattle Public Utilities Sustainable Building Program Pages:4" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-10-19. Retrieved 2011-02-08.
- ^ "Engineering News - Demand for ecofriendly paint expected to rise as building outlook improves".
- ISBN 9781623363246.
- ^ Secretariat for the Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade (26 November 2006). "Draft Decision Guidance Document for Tributyltin Compounds" (PDF). United Nations Environment Programme. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-10-16. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
- ^ Staff (2008-12-03). "Persistent Pollutant May Promote Obesity". Science daily. Retrieved 2008-12-03.
- .
- ^ "Despite bans, most countries still have lead paint". UNEP. 2018-10-29. Retrieved 2022-01-30.
- ^ a b c d e f marketingDT360 (2021-01-31). "Types of waste in the paint and related products industry". Oliver + Batlle. Retrieved 2023-04-21.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ PMID 34216906.
- ^ a b c d "Negative Environmental Effects of Paints & a Greener Future". Retrieved 2023-04-21.
- PMID 32292740.
- ^ a b c d e "Reducing Air Pollution from: Paint and Coating Manufacturing" (PDF). epa.gov. 2005-09-12. Retrieved 2023-04-21.