F. M. Simmons
F. M. Simmons | |
|---|---|
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| United States Senator from North Carolina | |
| In office March 4, 1901 – March 4, 1931 | |
| Preceded by | Marion Butler |
| Succeeded by | Josiah Bailey |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from North Carolina's 2nd district | |
| In office March 4, 1887 – March 3, 1889 | |
| Preceded by | James E. O'Hara |
| Succeeded by | Henry P. Cheatham |
| Personal details | |
| Born | January 20, 1854 Pollocksville, North Carolina |
| Died | April 30, 1940 (aged 86) New Bern, North Carolina |
| Political party | Democratic |
Furnifold McLendel Simmons (January 20, 1854 – April 30, 1940) was an American politician who served as a
Wilmington insurrection of 1898
.
Life and career
Simmons was born in
white supremacist newspapers to stoke fears of black men as predators of white women and too incompetent to be trusted as office holders or voters. Simmons also set up hundreds of "White Government Unions," which aimed to "announce on all occasions that they would succeed if they had to shoot every negro in the city."[3]
As a result, Democrats swept the 1898 election, and the Wilmington Insurrection of 1898 broke out the following day.
In 1901 Simmons won the Democratic nomination for the US Senate. From his Senate seat, he then ran a powerful political machine, using A. D. Watts "to keep the machine oiled back home," in the words of one journalist.[4] Simmons remained in office for the next thirty years.
Senator Simmons refused to endorse
O. Max Gardner
.
References
This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
- ^ Leonard, John William (1907). "Men of America: A Biographical Dictionary of Contemporaries".
- ^ "Simmons, Furnifold McLendel | NCpedia".
- ISBN 978-0-8021-2838-6.
- ^ News & Observer: "What the obituary didn't say" by Rob Christensen Archived July 18, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
- ISBN 978-1-5017-0550-2.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Furnifold McLendel Simmons.
- United States Congress. "F. M. Simmons (id: S000415)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
- North Carolina History Project
- North Carolina Election of 1898
- Furnifold McLendel Simmons entry at The Political Graveyard
- F. M. Simmons at Find a Grave
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