Ellison D. Smith
Ellison D. Smith | |
---|---|
Chairman of the Committee on Interstate Commerce | |
In office 1924–1925 | |
Preceded by | Albert B. Cummins |
Succeeded by | James E. Watson |
In office 1917–1919 | |
Preceded by | Francis G. Newlands |
Succeeded by | Albert B. Cummins |
Member of the South Carolina House of Representatives from Sumter County | |
In office January 12, 1897 – January 8, 1901 | |
Personal details | |
Born | Ellison DuRant Smith August 1, 1864 Lynchburg, South Carolina |
Died | November 17, 1944 Lynchburg, South Carolina | (aged 80)
Political party | Democratic |
Spouses | Martha Cornelia Moorer
(m. 1892; died 1893)Annie Brunson Farley
(m. 1906) |
Children | 5 |
Residence(s) | Lynchburg, South Carolina |
Ellison DuRant Smith (August 1, 1864 – November 17, 1944) was an American cotton planter, lobbyist, and Democratic Party politician who represented South Carolina in the United States Senate from 1909 until 1944.
Smith was widely known for his virulently racist and segregationist views, his advocacy of white supremacy, and his support for the Southern cotton industry, earning him the nickname “Cotton Ed”.
Early life
Smith was born near Lynchburg, South Carolina, the youngest child of William Hankin Smith and Mary Isabella Smith (née McLeod), at his ancestral home, Tanglewood Plantation (formerly Smith's Grove).[1] Throughout his life, he would reside in Tanglewood.[1] Smith attended the University of South Carolina, where he was a member of the Phi Kappa Psi fraternity,[2] and graduated from Wofford College in 1889.
Smith served in the
Election to the U.S. Senate
Smith was elected to the
Senate career
Between 1909 and 1933, Smith was regarded as a fairly effective senator, though admittedly not of the first rank.
Smith, reflecting the xenophobic views of constituents, sponsored numerous bills restricting immigration culminating in the Immigration Act of 1917 that passed over President Wilson's veto.[7] Smith spoke out in support of the Immigration Act of 1924, which limited emigration from Southern and Eastern Europe and effectively entrapped European Jews in the feverish atmosphere of emergent fascism.[9]
During the
Smith opposed the
Here is exactly the identical same amendment applied to the other half of the Negro race. The southern man who votes for the Susan B. Anthony Amendment votes to ratify the Fifteenth Amendment.[10]
In the 1930s, Smith became
Tell those butt-heads we will assemble tomorrow morning. (When he spoke, Smith would usually chew tobacco and keep a spittoon next to him.)[6]
At the
Smith opposed a Federal minimum wage; he filibustered it in the 1938
Smith won re-election in a close race in that year, thanks mainly to the unpopularity of Roosevelt's interfering in the primary,
While the 1938 election would mark the first time since 1914 where “Cotton Ed” faced no runoff, it was also believed that the vast majority of the people in South Carolina at this point in time were fed up with Smith, who would probably have easily lost the primary if Roosevelt had not interfered.[6] In 1940, a survey found that there was no great admiration for Smith among the people in South Carolina and that his 1938 victory was symbolic because it showed that an unpopular person was elected because “the president picked him out as the victim.”[17]
During
1944 election defeat
In 1944,
Personal life and death
He first married at the age of 28 in 1892 to Martha Cornelia Moorer (1865-1893) of St. George, South Carolina.[1] She died giving birth to their son Martius Ellison in 1893.[1] In 1912, at age 19, Martius was accidentally shot by his own gun while drinking water at the barnyard well.[1] He died five days later.[1][25]
In 1906, Ellison married Annie Brunson Farley (1882-1958).
- Their eldest daughter, Anna, was married to L.L. Smith, vice president of
- Isobel Smith Lawton moved to Florence, South Carolina, when she married.[1]
- Ellison DuRant, Jr. married Vivian Manning, daughter of Governor John Lawrence Manning.[1]
- Charles Saxon Farley, a past member of the South Carolina legislature from Lee County, married Laura Douglas.F.W. Woolworth empire).[1]
All five of Smith's children are now deceased.[1]
On November 17, 1944, a month and a half before the end of his term, Smith died at Tanglewood Plantation in the same bed in which he was born.[1] He is buried at St. Luke's Cemetery near Wisacky in Lee County.[1]
See also
- List of United States Congress members who died in office (1900–49)
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "Tanglewood Plantation - History". Archived from the original on 2013-01-31. Retrieved 2012-02-06.
- ^ "Grand catalogue of the Phi kappa psi fraternity, February 1, 1910;". Chicago, Ill. November 13, 1910 – via Internet Archive.
- ^ a b c "National Register of Historic Places - Nomination Form" (PDF).
- ^ a b "Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress - Retro Member details". bioguideretro.congress.gov.
- ISBN 978-0-465-02778-1.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Curtains for Cotton Ed". Time. August 7, 1944. Archived from the original on June 20, 2023. Retrieved June 20, 2023.
- ^ JSTOR 27567009.
- ^ a b c d "Smith, Ellison DuRant". TheFreeDictionary.com.
- ^ "Superman's Jewish origins and the 'curse' that haunts the actors who play him". The Independent. 2018-05-10. Retrieved 2019-11-02.
- ^ Cong. Rec., 58:618 (June 4, 1919)
- ^ a b Kennedy, David Freedom From Fear, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005 p.212
- ^ Kennedy, David Freedom From Fear, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005 p.341
- ^ a b c Kennedy, David Freedom From Fear, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005 p.345
- ^ Kennedy, David Freedom From Fear, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005 p.346
- ^ Kennedy, David Freedom From Fear, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005 p.347
- ^ a b c Kennedy, David Freedom From Fear, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005 p.348
- ^ a b "The Pittsburgh Press - Google News Archive Search". news.google.com.
- ^ a b c Bryant Simon, A fabric of defeat: the politics of South Carolina millhands, 1910–1948, p. 212
- ^ "Political Notes: Southern Send-Off". Time. September 7, 1936. Archived from the original on December 15, 2008.
- ^ a b Bryant Simon, A fabric of defeat:the politics of South Carolina millhands, 1910–1948, pp. 210–211
- ^ Sullivan, Gordon R. "Mobilization". www.history.army.mil. Archived from the original on 2012-07-29. Retrieved 2012-05-07.
- ^ "Radio: Cotton Ed Blows a Fuse". Time. August 16, 1943. Archived from the original on December 14, 2008.
- ^ ‘Cotton Ed Smith Organizes Drive To Elect Dewey’; The Chicago Defender, September 30, 1944, p. 1
- ^ a b c d e f "Elections: Curtains for Cotton Ed". Time. August 7, 1944. Archived from the original on February 4, 2013.
- ^ www.myheritage.it https://www.myheritage.it/names/martha_moorer. Retrieved 2021-11-11.
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- David Robertson (1994). Sly and Able: A Political Biography of James A. Byrnes, New York: W.W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-03367-8. pp. 150, 190–96, 269–98, 328, 337, 342, 495–496, 533.
External links
- United States Congress. "Ellison D. Smith (id: S000530)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
- Media related to Ellison D. Smith at Wikimedia Commons
- Ellison D. Smith at Find a Grave