Feminism in Israel
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Feminism in Israel is a complex issue in contemporary
Historical development
First-wave
The manifestations of
Second-wave feminism
During this period, key early activists were American Jews living in Israel who organized consciousness-raising meetings in Israel's major cities.[5]
In contemporary Israeli society
Arab Israeli feminism
Arab Israeli feminism emerged following Israel's second-wave feminism, criticizing the dominant discourse as ignoring the double discrimination experienced by the
Writings on this trend of feminism tend to neglect the impact on the Israeli Druze community.[9]
Mizrachi feminism
As feminism in Israeli society developed, a distinction began to form between
Orthodox and Haredi feminism
In 1981,
In Haredi Jewish communities, one of the first substantive attempts by religious women to organize along political lines was the establishment of the Lo Nivcharot, Lo Bocharot ("not elected, no vote") in 2012 which campaigned for the Haredi political parties to allow women to join the party.[15] A subsequent initiative was the establishment of the political party U'Bizchutan organized by Haredi women.[16]
A major issue prompting efforts for Orthodox women's rights is the issue of
Haredi feminism is still a slowly emerging trend but it is distinct from
Legislative responses
The Israeli government marks International Women's Day, as marked by the United Nations and other countries around the world, to commemorates the struggle for women's equality under the law. The Knesset has established a Committee on the Status of Women and Gender Equality which is responsible for promoting the status of women in social, economic, and political affairs, and addressing gender-based discrimination in Israeli society.[19]
See also
References
- ^ "Feminism in Israel | Women in Israel – a revolution halted?". Fathom. Retrieved 2020-09-20.
- ^ a b "Feminism in Contemporary Israel | Jewish Women's Archive". jwa.org. Retrieved 2019-03-17.
- ^ "Politics in the Yishuv and Israel". Jewish Women's Archive. Retrieved 2020-09-20.
- ^ a b Yaron, Joanne (2011). "The Rise of Feminism in Israel". Palestine-Israel Journal of Politics, Economics & Culture. Retrieved March 31, 2021.
- ^ Feldman, Y. S. (2000). From" The Madwoman in the Attic" to" The Women's Room": The American Roots of Israeli Feminism. Israel Studies, 5(1), 266-286.
- ^ Lanzkron, Naomi; staff, T. O. I. "At Tel Aviv rally, 30,000 protest rising violence against women". www.timesofisrael.com. Retrieved 2020-09-20.
- ^ Marteu, É. (2012). Israeli and Palestinian feminisms: Postcolonial issues. Revue Tiers Monde, (1), 71-88.
- ^ Levy, N. W. (2009). “… but it has its price”: Cycles of alienation and exclusion among pioneering Druze women. International Journal of Educational Development, 29(1), 46-55.
- ^ Booth, M. (2011). Nazira Zeineddine: A Pioneer of Islamic Feminism, by Miriam Cooke.
- ^ Dahan-Kalev, H. (2001, November). Tensions in israeli feminism: The mizrahi ashkenazi rift. In Women's Studies International Forum (Vol. 24, No. 6, pp. 669-684). Pergamon.
- ^ a b See "History of Ne'emanei Torah Va'Avoda:About Us" in Hebrew http://p23291-286-12237.s286.upress.link/%[permanent dead link]
- ^ "The Enlistment of Women to Serve in Sherut Leumi and the IDF: A Halakhic Analysis," ed. Cohen, Yechezkel. (NTA:1982). See NTA website for additional conversation on the subject. https://toravoda.org.il/
- ^ "Serving with Faith | אלומה". aluma.org.il. Retrieved 2020-09-20.
- ^ "Shakdiel v. Minister of Religious Affairs | Cardozo Israeli Supreme Court Project". versa.cardozo.yu.edu. Retrieved 2020-09-20.
- ^ Nathan Jeffay, "Israeli elections: Charedi women refuse to vote", The Jewish Chronicle, 10 January 2013.
- ^ Miriam Krule (21 January 2015). "Ultra-Orthodox Women in Israel Launch Their Own Political Party". Slate. Retrieved 18 June 2015.
- ^ Zion-Waldoks, T. (2015). Politics of devoted resistance: Agency, feminism, and religion among Orthodox Agunah activists in Israel. Gender & Society, 29(1), 73-97.
- ^ Ross, T. (2016). Radical Feminism and a Theology of Jewish Autonomy: An Anatomy of Unexpected Alliances. Jewish Studies Quarterly, 23(4), 374.
- ^ "Lexicon of Terms|International Women's Day". www.knesset.gov.il. Retrieved 2020-09-20.