Geography of Rwanda

Coordinates: 2°00′S 30°00′E / 2.000°S 30.000°E / -2.000; 30.000
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Geography of Rwanda
Nyabarongo
Largest lakeLake Kivu
Satellite image of Rwanda

Rwanda is located in East Africa, to the east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, at the co-ordinates 2°00′S 30°0′E / 2.000°S 30.000°E / -2.000; 30.000.

At 26,338 square kilometres (10,169 sq mi),

Rusizi River at 950 metres (3,117 ft) above sea level.[3]

Rwanda is located in

landlocked.[5] The capital, Kigali, is located near the centre of Rwanda.[6]

Major geographic features

Ruvubu rivers, part of the upper Nile
Enlargeable, detailed map of Rwanda

The

source of the Nile.[8]

Rwanda has many lakes, the largest being Lake Kivu. This lake occupies the floor of the Albertine Rift along most of the length of Rwanda's western border, and with a maximum depth of 480 metres (1,575 ft),[9] it is one of the twenty deepest lakes in the world.[10] Other sizeable lakes include Burera, Ruhondo, Muhazi, Rweru, and Ihema, the last being the largest of a string of lakes in the eastern plains of Akagera National Park.[11]

Mountains dominate central and western Rwanda. These mountains are part of the Albertine Rift Mountains that flank the Albertine branch of the East African Rift. This branch runs from north to south along Rwanda's western border.[12] The highest peaks are found in the Virunga volcano chain in the northwest; this includes Mount Karisimbi, Rwanda's highest point, at 4,507 metres (14,787 ft).[13]

Rain in Kigali (January 2020)

This western section of Rwanda, which lies within the Albertine Rift montane forests ecoregion,[12] has an elevation of 1,500 metres (4,921 ft) to 2,500 metres (8,202 ft).[14] The centre of the country is predominantly rolling hills, while the eastern border region consists of savanna, plains and swamps.[15]

Rwanda has a

temperate tropical highland climate, with lower temperatures than are typical for equatorial countries due to its high elevation.[5] Kigali, in the centre of the country, has a typical daily temperature range between 12 °C (54 °F) and 27 °C (81 °F), with little variation through the year.[16] There are some temperature variations across the country; the mountainous west and north are generally cooler than the lower-lying east.[17]

There are two rainy seasons in the year. The first runs from February to June and the second from September to December. These are separated by two dry seasons: the major one from June to September, during which there is often no rain at all, and a shorter and less severe one from December to February.[18] Rainfall varies geographically, with the west and northwest of the country receiving more precipitation annually than the east and southeast.[19]

Political geography

Rwanda borders Burundi for 290 km, the Democratic Republic of the Congo for 217 km, Tanzania for 217 km, and Uganda for 169 km. projections in East Africa shows that temperatures are predicted to rise and be between 1.8-4.3° higher than the 1980-99 mean by 2100.[20]

Physical geography

Rwanda has an area of 26 thousand square kilometers, of which 3 percent is water.

Topography of Rwanda

Climate

See also: Rwanda § Climate

Rwanda has a

subtropical highland climate (Köppen climate classification
Aw and Cwb/Cfb), with a wet season and a dry season.

Climate data for Kigali, Rwanda
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 26.9
(80.4) 		27.4
(81.3) 		26.9
(80.4) 		26.2
(79.2) 		25.9
(78.6) 		26.4
(79.5) 		27.1
(80.8) 		28.0
(82.4) 		28.2
(82.8) 		27.2
(81.0) 		26.1
(79.0) 		26.4
(79.5) 		26.9
(80.4)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 15.6
(60.1) 		15.8
(60.4) 		15.7
(60.3) 		16.1
(61.0) 		16.2
(61.2) 		15.3
(59.5) 		15.0
(59.0) 		16.0
(60.8) 		16.0
(60.8) 		15.9
(60.6) 		15.5
(59.9) 		15.6
(60.1) 		15.7
(60.3)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 76.9
(3.03) 		91.0
(3.58) 		114.2
(4.50) 		154.2
(6.07) 		88.1
(3.47) 		18.6
(0.73) 		11.4
(0.45) 		31.1
(1.22) 		69.6
(2.74) 		105.7
(4.16) 		112.7
(4.44) 		77.4
(3.05) 		950.9
(37.44)
Average rainy days (≥ 0.1 mm) 11 11 15 18 13 2 1 4 10 17 17 14 133
Source: World Meteorological Organization.[citation needed]

Natural resources

Rwanda possesses the following natural resources:

The use of land in Rwanda is largely for arable land, and other purposes. 40 km2 of land in Rwanda is irrigated. The table below describes the land use in Rwanda, as of 2011.

Land use
Use Percentage of Area
arable land 46.32
permanent crops 9.49
other 44.19

Environment

Natural hazards in Rwanda include periodic droughts and the volcanic activity of the Virunga Mountains, located in the northwest of the country, along the border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Current issues

Current issues concerning the environment in Rwanda include: the result of uncontrolled deforestation for fuel, overgrazing, soil exhaustion and widespread poaching.

International agreements

Rwanda is a party to the following international agreements:

Rwanda has signed, but not ratified the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.

Extreme points

This is a list of the extreme points of Rwanda, the points that are farther north, south, east or west than any other location.

See also

  • List of lakes in Rwanda

References

  1. ^ CIA World Factbook
  2. ^ Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). "Rank Order – Area". The World Factbook. Archived from the original on June 13, 2007. Retrieved 2012-02-16.
  3. ^
    Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2012). "Rwanda". The World Factbook
    . Retrieved 2012-04-02.
  4. ^ Richards, Charles (1994-07-24). "Rwanda: Question Time: How could it happen?: Rebellion, slaughter, exodus, cholera: the catastrophe in Rwanda is beyond our worst imaginings. Who is to blame? Who are the Hutus and Tutsis? Can peace ever be restored? Some answers ..." The Independent. London. Retrieved 2012-02-16.
  5. ^ a b Department of State (2012). "Background Note: Rwanda". Background Notes. Retrieved 2012-02-16.
  6. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica (2010). "Rwanda". Retrieved 2012-02-16.
  7. ^ Nile Basin Initiative (2010). "Nile Basin Countries". Archived from the original on 2012-03-14. Retrieved 2012-02-16.
  8. ^ BBC News (2006-03-31). "Team reaches Nile's 'true source'". Retrieved 2012-02-16.
  9. ISBN 978-0-444-51678-7
    .
  10. ISBN 978-1-84162-180-7
    .
  11. ^ Global Nature Fund. "Lake Ihema". Archived from the original on 2014-01-07. Retrieved 2012-02-29.
  12. ^ a b World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) (2001). "Terrestrial Ecoregions: Albertine Rift montane forests (AT0101)". Location and General Description. Archived from the original on 2004-12-22. Retrieved 2012-02-16.
  13. ^ Mehta, Hitesh; Katee, Christine (2005). "Virunga Massif Sustainable Tourism Development Plan" (PDF). International Gorilla Conservation Programme (IGCP). p. 37. Retrieved 2012-02-16.
  14. ISBN 0-333-95451-3
    .
  15. ISBN 0-333-95451-3
    .
  16. ^ BBC Weather. "Kigali". BBC News. Average Conditions. Retrieved 2012-02-16.
  17. ^ Best Country Reports (2007). "Temperature Map of Rwanda". World Trade Press. Retrieved 2012-02-16.
  18. ISBN 978-0-7614-2333-1
    .
  19. ISBN 978-0-313-33177-0
    .
  20. ^ EAFRICA, NEW (February 18, 2018). "Climate Impacts and Vulnerability" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on February 26, 2023.
  21. ^ https://www.climatelinks.org/sites/default/files/asset/document/rwanda_adaptation_fact_sheet_jan2012.pdf [bare URL PDF]

2°00′S 30°00′E / 2.000°S 30.000°E / -2.000; 30.000

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