Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
Names | |
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IUPAC name
2-hydroxy-3-oxopropyl dihydrogen phosphate
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Identifiers | |
3D model (
JSmol ) |
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1725008 | |
ChEBI | |
ChEMBL | |
ChemSpider | |
DrugBank | |
ECHA InfoCard
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100.008.839 |
EC Number |
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KEGG | |
MeSH | Glyceraldehyde+3-Phosphate |
PubChem CID
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UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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Properties | |
C3H7O6P | |
Molar mass | 170.058 |
Melting point | 102–104 °C[1] |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, also known as triose phosphate or 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde and abbreviated as G3P, GA3P, GADP, GAP, TP, GALP or PGAL, is a
An intermediate in both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis
Formation
D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is formed from the following three compounds in reversible reactions:
- Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (aldolase.
β-D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate | fructose-bisphosphate aldolase | D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate | dihydroxyacetone phosphate | ||
+ | |||||
fructose-bisphosphate aldolase |
Compound C05378 at KEGG Pathway Database. Enzyme 4.1.2.13 at KEGG Pathway Database. Compound C00111 at KEGG Pathway Database. Compound C00118 at KEGG Pathway Database.
The numbering of the carbon atoms indicates the fate of the carbons according to their position in fructose 6-phosphate.
- Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (triose phosphate isomerase.
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate | triose phosphate isomerase
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D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate | |
triose phosphate isomerase
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Compound C00111 at KEGG Pathway Database.Enzyme 5.3.1.1 at KEGG Pathway Database.Compound C00118 at KEGG Pathway Database.
- 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (1,3BPG), catalyzed by glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase.
As a substrate
- To produce 1,3-bisphospho-D-glycerate in glycolysis.
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate | glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase
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D- glycerate 1,3-bisphosphate
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NAD+ + Pi | NADH + H+ | ||
NAD+ + Pi | NADH + H+ | ||
Compound C00118 at KEGG Pathway Database. Enzyme 1.2.1.12 at KEGG Pathway Database. Reaction R01063 at KEGG Pathway Database. Compound C00236 at KEGG Pathway Database.
D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate is also of some importance since this is how glycerol (as DHAP) enters the glycolytic and gluconeogenic pathways. Furthermore, it is a participant in and a product of the pentose phosphate pathway.
Interactive pathway map
|Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles.[§ 1]
- ^ The interactive pathway map can be edited at WikiPathways: "GlycolysisGluconeogenesis_WP534".
An intermediate in photosynthesis
During plant
G3P is generally considered the prime end-product of photosynthesis and it can be used as an immediate food nutrient, combined and rearranged to form monosaccharide sugars, such as glucose, which can be transported to other cells, or packaged for storage as insoluble polysaccharides such as starch.
Balance sheet
6 CO2 + 6 RuBP (+ energy from 12 ATP and 12 NADPH) →12 G3P (3-carbon)
10 G3P (+ energy from 6 ATP) → 6 RuBP (i.e. starting material regenerated)
2 G3P → glucose (6-carbon).
In tryptophan biosynthesis
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate occurs as a byproduct in the biosynthesis pathway of tryptophan, an essential amino acid that cannot be produced by the human body.
In thiamine biosynthesis
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate occurs as a reactant in the biosynthesis pathway of thiamine (Vitamin B1), another substance that cannot be produced by the human body.
References
- ^ "metabocard for Glycerol 3-phosphate".
- ISBN 0-7167-3051-0.
- ISBN 1-57259-153-6.
External links
- D-Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and the reactions and pathways it participates in, from the KEGG PATHWAY Database
- Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and the reactions and pathways it participates in, from the KEGG PATHWAY Database