Hawaiian eruption
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A Hawaiian eruption is a type of volcanic eruption where lava flows from the vent in a relatively gentle, low level eruption; it is so named because it is characteristic of Hawaiian volcanoes. Typically they are effusive eruptions, with basaltic magmas of low viscosity, low content of gases, and high temperature at the vent. Very small amounts of volcanic ash are produced. This type of eruption occurs most often at hotspot volcanoes such as Kīlauea on Hawaii's big island and in Iceland, though it can occur near subduction zones (e.g. Medicine Lake Volcano in California) and rift zones. Hawaiian eruptions may occur along
Hawaiian eruptions usually start by the formation of a crack in the ground from which a curtain of incandescent lava or several closely spaced lava fountains appear. The lava can overflow the fissure and form ʻaʻā or pāhoehoe style of flows. When such an eruption from a central cone is protracted, it can form lightly sloped shield volcanoes, for example Mauna Loa or Skjaldbreiður in Iceland.
Petrology of basalts in Hawaii
The key factors in generating a Hawaiian eruption are basaltic magma and a low percentage of dissolved water (less than one percent). The lower the water content, the more peaceful is the resulting flow. Almost all lava that comes from Hawaiian volcanoes is
Safety
Hawaiian eruptions are considered less dangerous than other types of volcanic eruptions because they produce little ash and lava flows are generally slow-moving. However, they can still cause injuries or deaths.
In 1993, a photographer attempting to take pictures of a lava ocean entry died, and several tourists were injured, when a
See also
Notes
- ^ PMID 25478297.
- ^ "23 Hurt After Lava From Hawaii Volcano Flies Through Roof of Tour Boat". Time. Archived from the original on July 17, 2018. Retrieved 2018-07-17.
References
- Frankel, Charles (2005). Worlds on Fire: Volcanoes on the Earth, the Moon, Mars, Venus and Io. ISBN 978-0-521-80393-9.
- Frankel, Charles (1996). Volcanoes of the Solar System. ISBN 978-0-521-47770-3.
- Casadevall, T.J., ed. (1995). Volcanic Ash and Aviation Safety: Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Volcanic Ash and Aviation Safety. DIANE Publishing. p. 437. ISBN 978-0-7881-1650-6.
- MacDonald, Gordon A.; Peterson, Frank L.; Abbott, Agatin T. (1983). Volcanoes in the Sea: Geology of Hawaii (2nd ed.). ISBN 978-0-8248-0832-7.
