Hazara, Pakistan
Hazara (Hindko: هزاره, Urdu: ہزارہ) is a region in northern Pakistan, falling administratively within Hazara Division of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. It is dominated mainly by the Hindko speaking Hazarewal people, who make up the many native ethnic groups of the region and often called the "Hazarewal".
Etymology
The origin of the name Hazara has been identified with Abisāra, the country of
History
Ancient period
With the rise of
The region was briefly and nominally controlled by many rulers foreign rulers, including the
Medieval period
When the Chinese pilgrim
The Turk and Hindu Shahi dynasties ruled Hazara one after another. Mahmud of Ghazni defeated the Hindu Shahi ruler Jayapala during his first campaign. However, there is no significant historical evidence attesting the Ghaznavid rule in Hazara. After the fall of the Hindu Shahi dynasty in the 11th century, the rulers of Kashmir took control of the area, the most notable being under the leadership of Kalasa (1063 to 1089) until the area fell to the Ghurids.[8]
In 1399, the
In
At the beginning of the 18th century, Turkic rule came to an end due to the increased aggression of the
Modern period
The area became under the Durrani Empire from the mid-18th to the early 19th centuries. The Durranis considered it wise to rule the region through the local tribal chiefs. The Amb area was ruled by Suba Khan Tanoli during the reign of the Durrani Empire.[13] He was appointed as nazim (area administrator or Governor) by Taimur Shah Durrani in 1775 or 1776.[15] Suba Khan Tanoli died in 1783.[16]
Hazara came under Sikh rule in 1820 when the region was conquered by the
After the
By 1849, the British had gained control of all of Hazara. However, the local tribes were occasionally rebellious, including the
From the early 1930s onwards, the people of Hazara gradually became active in the freedom movement for an independent Pakistan under the active leadership of renowned
During
From 1955 to 1970,
Geography and climate
Hazara is bounded by the
Because it lies immediately south of the main
Due to the high altitude, temperatures in Hazara are cooler than on the plains, though Abbottabad at 1,200 metres (3,900 ft) still has maxima around 32 °C (90 °F) with high humidity in June and July. Further up, temperatures are cooler, often cooler than the
Hazara accounts for a high level of
National parks
There are about 29 National Parks in Pakistan and 3 in Hazara.
Name | Photo | Location | Date established | Area (Hec) | Key wildlife |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ayubia National Park | Abbottabad District | 1984 | 3,122 | Indian leopard, Leopard cat, Yellow-throated marten, Asian palm civet, Masked palm civet, Rhesus macaque, Red giant flying squirrel, Koklass pheasant and Kalij pheasant | |
Saiful Muluk National Park | Mansehra District | 2003 | 12,026 | ||
Lulusar-Dudipatsar National Park | Mansehra District | 2003 | 75,058 | Persian leopard, Yellow-throated marten, Himalayan black bear, Siberian ibex, Himalayan goral, Himalayan monal and Western tragopan
|
Education
Some districts of Hazara have received high scores in education in Alif Ailaan's 2017 rankings: Haripur District was ranked first in Pakistan, while Abbottabad and Mansehra were in the top three for the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.[30]
Movement for Hazara Province
The movement for a separate Hazara province began in 1957, when regional lawyers Mufti Idrees and Abdul Khaliq first raised the question of a separate province, Kohistan.[31] In 1987, Hazara Qaumi Mahaz (HQM) was founded by Muhammad Asif Malik advocate, a prominent advocate who campaigned for the creation of a separate province.[32]
The Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan was passed on the 8th of April 2010, which among other changes, renamed the North-West Frontier Province to Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The name change of the province was met with strong opposition from the people of Hazara and protests erupted in the region with wheel and shutter jam strikes. Abbottabad became the nerve center of the movement. On the 10th of April, the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Police fired at unarmed protesters, leaving 7 dead and dozens injured.[33] Allegedly, the firing was ordered by the coalition government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, led by the Awami National Party.[34] This is one of the earliest incidents of police brutality in Pakistan in recent years,[clarification needed] occurring before the Model Town Lahore incident, whose FIR has not been registered still today.[35]
In 2014, the resolution for the creation of the
In 2020, the movement started again when the government began work for the creation of the
Notable people
- Nawab Salahuddin Saeed Khan Tanoli – Last nawab of Amb State and elected five times MNA.
- Khan Khudadad Khan Swati — Freedom fighter of Pakistan Movement and active member of All India Muslim League and Pakistan Muslim League
- Khan Mohammad Abbas Khan He was a freedom fighter as well as an active member of PML
- Babar Saleem Khan Swati — Speaker Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly
- Ayub Khan– President of Pakistan
- Jalal Baba – Federal Minister and Prominent leader of All India Muslim League
- Sardar Mohammad Abdul Ghafoor Hazarvi – Founding member of the religious Jamiat Ulema-e-Pakistan party (JUP) and companion of Muhammad Ali Jinnah
- Allama Syed Jawad NaqviIslamic Revolutionary Scholar, religious leader and Quaran interpreter.
- Muhammad Muneeb-ur-Rehman– Chairman of Ruet-e-hilal committee, Pakistan
- Baba Haider Zaman– Leader of the movement for a separate Hazara province
- Asghar Khan – Pakistani Air Force commander, Politician
- Anwar Shamim – Chief of Air Staff, Pakistani Air Force
- Bashir Jehangiri Swati – Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
- Laiq Muhammad Khan Swati — Politician
- Qateel Shifai – Urdu poet
- Afzal Khan – actor
- Zahirul Islam Abbasi – military officer
- Salahuddin Tirmizi- former Corps Commander
- Iqbal Khan Jadoon – politician -Chief Minister NWFP
- Amanullah Khan Jadoon – politician -Federal Minister
- Gohar Ayub Khan – politician
- Murtaza Javed Abbasi FMR Deputy Speaker National Assembly of Pakistan
- Yasir Hameed – cricketer
- Azam Khan Swati – businessman, politician
- Sardar Raza Khan– Election Commissioner of Pakistan
- Ali Khan Jadoon – politician
- Munir Lughmani Swati — politician and advocate Supreme court of Pakistan
- Prince Nawaz Khan Swati — Prince of Allai tribal territory, 3 times MNA
See also
- Hazara District
- List of Hazarewals
- State of Amb
- Hazara Province Movement
- Hazarewals
- Hazara cricket team
References
- ^ ISBN 978-1-78438-651-1.
- ISBN 978-81-7387-152-8.
- ISBN 978-3-7523-3718-1.
- ^ ISBN 978-90-04-09789-6.
- ^ Department of Archaeology and Museums (2004-01-30). "UNESCO world heritage Centre - Mansehra Rock Edicts". Whc.unesco.org. Retrieved 2011-03-30.
- ^ Ancient Pakistan. Chairman, Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar. 1971.
- ISBN 978-81-224-1198-0.
- ^ Watson, Hubert Digby (1908). Gazetteer of the Hazara District, 1907. Chatto & Windus. p. 121.
- ^ The Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 13, p. 76
- ^ Abu'l-Fazl, 16-17th century. tr. H.S. Jarrett, v 2, p 397 (1891)
- ISBN 978-0-19-099046-6.
- ^ Siyar-ul-Mutakherin
- ^ a b Hazara Gazetteer 1883–84
- ^ Tareekh e Hazara
- ^ Panni, 341
- ^ Panni, aa
- ^ "Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 13, p. 55". Dsal.uchicago.edu.
- ^ "Maharaja Ranjit Singh's Subjugation of North Western Frontier – Kirpal Singh". The Tribune. Retrieved 2012-10-26.
- ISBN 0-349-11456-0
- ^ Lee, Sidney, ed. (1912). . Dictionary of National Biography (2nd supplement). Vol. 2. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
- ISBN 978-1-57607-925-6.
- ^ H. E. Weekes (2011). History of the 5th Royal Gurkha Rifles1858 to 1928. p. 90.</ref
- ^ Quaid-I-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah Papers: First Series, Volume III: On the Threshold of Pakistan, July 1–25, 1947
By Mahomed Ali Jinnah, Series Editor, Prof Dr Z. H. Zaidi
Edition: illustrated
Published by Oxford University Press, 1997
Original from the University of Michigan
Digitized 29 Aug 2008
ISBN 978-969-8156-07-71120 pages
- ^ Frontier of faith: Islam in the Indo-Afghan borderland
By Sana Haroon
Edition: illustrated
Published by Columbia University Press, 2008
ISBN 978-0-231-70013-9254 pages In 1947 the Nawab of Amb, Mohammad Farid Khan, acceded to Pakistan by signing the Instrument of Accession of his State, in favour of Pakistan
- ISBN 978-3-8175-0408-4.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-4766-0447-3.
- ISBN 978-0-230-27063-3.
- ^ "Hazara division continues to receive influx of tourists". The Express Tribune. 2022-05-09. Retrieved 2023-05-02.
- ^ a b "Tourists throng scenic Hazara division". Daily Times. 2021-07-23. Retrieved 2023-05-02.
- ^ "District Ranking". Retrieved 11 September 2018.
- ^ Orakzai, Rifatullah (16 April 2010). "آخر ہم ہیں کون؟". BBC Urdu. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ Munir, Mohammad (2017). "Realities of a Separate Hazara Province". Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "Seven killed in Abbottabad violence". Dawn.com. 13 April 2010. Retrieved 11 April 2010.
- ^ Shaheen, Sikander (14 April 2010). "Complete strike observed in Hazara Division". The Nation. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ "Abbottabad firing incident: Tehreek Suba Hazara to request Khattak to order registration of FIR". The Express Tribune. 17 September 2014. Retrieved 13 April 2020.
- ^ "KP Assembly adopts resolution to create Hazara province". Dawn.com. 21 March 2014. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ Yousafzai, Shahabullah (24 October 2018). "Man behind Hazara province movement, Baba Haider Zaman passes away at 84". The Express Tribune. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ Editorial (2020-03-17). "Hazara province". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 2021-03-19.
- ^ Rehman, Ziaur (3 February 2020). "Why Hazara province movement has resumed from Karachi". The News International. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
- ^ Asad, Malik (21 August 2019). "Bill seeking to create new provinces referred to NA speaker". Dawn.com. Retrieved 11 April 2020.