Hohenzollern Castle

Coordinates: 48°19′23.5″N 8°58′3.8″E / 48.323194°N 8.967722°E / 48.323194; 8.967722 (Hohenzollern Castle)
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Hohenzollern Castle
Burg Hohenzollern
Karl Friedrich, Prince of Hohenzollern (1/4)
AffiliationHouse of Hohenzollern
Design and construction
Architect(s)Friedrich August Stüler
Website
www.burg-hohenzollern.com

Hohenzollern Castle (German: Burg Hohenzollern [bʊʁk hoːənˈtsɔlɐn] ⓘ) is the ancestral seat of the imperial House of Hohenzollern.[a] The third of three hilltop castles built on the site, it is located atop Mount Hohenzollern, above and south of Hechingen, on the edge of the Swabian Jura of central Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

The first castle on the mountain was constructed in the early 11th century. Over the years the House of Hohenzollern split several times, but the castle remained in the Swabian branch, the dynastic seniors of the Franconian-Brandenburgian cadet branch that later acquired its own imperial throne. This castle was completely destroyed in 1423 after a ten-month siege by the free imperial cities of Swabia.

The second castle, a larger and sturdier structure, was constructed from 1454 to 1461, and served as a refuge for the Catholic Swabian Hohenzollerns, including during the Thirty Years' War. By the end of the 18th century it was thought to have lost its strategic importance and gradually fell into disrepair, leading to the demolition of several dilapidated buildings.

The third, and current, castle was built between 1846 and 1867 as a family memorial

Kaiser Wilhelm II
.

Among the historical artifacts of Prussian history contained in the castle are the

Baron von Steuben for his service in the American Revolutionary War.[3]

Geography

View of the castle and surrounding countryside from the Albtrauf

Hohenzollern Castle is a hilltop castle located on the mountain Hohenzollern, an isolated promontory of the Swabian Jura 855 meters (2,805 ft) (NHN) above sea level, 234 meters (768 ft) above and to the south of Hechingen, Germany, approximately 50 kilometers (31 mi) south of Stuttgart, capital of Baden-Württemberg.[4] This mountain lends its name to the local geographic region, der Zollernalbkreis, and is known among locals as Zollerberg (Zoller Mountain), or simply Zoller.

History

First and Second castles

Only written records exist of the original castle built in the

Counts of Zollern. Although the House of Hohenzollern itself finds its first mention in 1061,[b] the castle is first mentioned as "Castro Zolre" in 1267, without any mention of the castle beyond its name, though contemporary sources praised it as the "crown of all castles in Swabia."[6] In 1423 the castle was totally destroyed[7] after a year-long siege by the Swabian League of Cities.[citation needed
]

Construction on a second, stronger castle began in 1454.

French soldiers. Returned to Habsburg control after the war, it was rarely occupied and began to fall to ruin after the last Austrian owner left the castle in 1798. By the beginning of the 19th century only the Chapel of St. Michael
remained usable.

Third castle

Gate tower

The current castle was built by Hohenzollern scion Crown Prince Frederick William IV of Prussia. Traveling through southern Germany en route to Italy in 1819, he wished to learn about his family's roots, so climbed to the top of Mount Hohenzollern. He would write in 1844 as King:[8]

The memory of the year [18]19, to me is exceedingly lovely, and like a beautiful dream, especially the sunset we saw from one of the castle bastions. [...] Now is a desire, a dream of [my] youth, to see Hohenzollern Castle again made habitable.

He engaged Friedrich August Stüler,[9] who had been appointed Architect of the King for the rebuilding of Stolzenfels Castle in 1842 while still a student and heir of Karl Friedrich Schinkel, to design a new castle. Stüler began work on an ornate design influenced by English Gothic Revival architecture and the Châteaux of the Loire Valley[2] in 1846. The impressive entryway is the work of the Engineer-Officer Moritz Karl Ernst von Prittwitz, considered the leading fortifications engineer in Prussia. The sculptures around and inside the castle are the work of Gustav Willgohs. Like Neuschwanstein Castle in Bavaria, Hohenzollern Castle is a monument to German Romanticism which incorporated an idealized vision of a medieval knight's castle. Lacking some of the fantastic elements and excesses of Neuschwanstein, the castle's construction served to enhance the reputation of the Prussian Royal Family.[citation needed]

Construction began in 1850,[10] and was funded entirely by the Brandenburg-Prussian and the Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen lines of the Hohenzollern family. Construction was completed on 3 October 1867, under Frederick William IV's brother King William I.

After the castle was rebuilt, it was not regularly occupied, but rather used primarily as a showpiece. None of the Hohenzollern

William stayed for several months following his flight from Potsdam ahead of Soviet army forces during the closing months of World War II. He and his wife Crown Princess Cecilie are buried there, as the family's estates in Brandenburg had been occupied by the Soviet Union
at the time of their deaths.

Starting in 1952,

Frederick Wilhelm I and his son Frederick the Great were in the chapel, but were moved back to Potsdam following German reunification in 1991 at the instigation of Prince Louis Ferdinand.[11]

The castle was heavily damaged by a Ms 5.7 earthquake (de) on September 3, 1978, which caused some of its turrets to collapse, and was under repair until the mid-1990s.[12]

Today

Central courtyard
Aerial view of the Castle (2017)

With over 350,000 visitors per year, Hohenzollern castle is one of the most visited castles in Germany.[13] The castle is privately owned by the House of Hohenzollern,[14] with two-thirds belonging to the Brandenburg-Prussian branch, and the balance to the Swabian branch.

Flag of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen

Since 1952, the

Prince George and his family are staying at the castle, the Prussian flag flies over the castle,[14]
while the flag of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen is used by the Swabians.

In 2015, parts of the 2016 thriller-horror film A Cure for Wellness were filmed at the castle,[16][17] closing it from 13 to 24 July 2015.[18] Hohenzollern Castle as well as Peckforton Castle in England were also used in the filming of the 2017 TV adaption of The Worst Witch.[19][20]

Architecture

Hohenzollern Castle, covering almost all of

Mount Hohenzollern
's summit, is a structure composed of four primary parts: military architecture, the palatial buildings, chapels, and the gardens.

Military architecture

The Eagle Gate

The Eagle Gate (German: Adlertor) and its attached drawbridge form the entrance to the castle. The castle's winding zwinger turns four times and terminates in the bastions. From here, the palatial buildings can be accessed through the square upper gate and so are the rest of the bastions.

Palatial buildings

Michael
's chapel, and the courtyard

The palace itself, sitting upon the outline of the second castle, is an open-air museum arranged in a u-shape that ends with Protestant and Catholic chapels. Sitting on top of the old

pinnacles
. The four towers of the palace are aligned to the bastions, with the Emperor's Tower to the Fuchsloch bastion, Bishop's Tower to the Spitz bastion, Markgraf Tower to the Scharfeck bastion, and Michael's Tower to the garden bastion. Attached to the main residential building, the Count's Hall, is the final tower, the Watch Tower (German: Wartturm), which functions both as a staircase to the library and as the flag pole whenever the Hohenzollern family is residing in the castle.

Interiors

George Friedrich standing in Hohenzollern Castle.
George Friedrich photographed by Oliver Mark in Hohenzollern Castle, Bisingen 2018

A

Stüler
's terminology.

Burials

See also

Notes

  1. German emperors of the German Empire
    in late 19th and the early 20th centuries.
  2. ^ Berthold of Reichenau writes in a chronicle in 1061 that Wezil and Burchardus "de Zolorin" were killed in battle.[5]

Citations

  1. ^ Kelly, Erin (22 March 2021). "Discover This German Castle That Looks Like Something Out Of A Fairytale". All That's Interesting.
  2. ^ a b Herbert Gers. Hohenzollern Castle. 5th ed. Hechingen: Administration of Hohenzollern Castle, 1984.
  3. ^ a b Hays 2014, p. Hohenzollern Castle.
  4. ^ "Hohenzollern Castle, Germany". youramazingplaces.com. Your Amazing Places. 12 March 2013.
  5. ^ "Family History - Burg Hohenzollern EN". www.burg-hohenzollern.com. Retrieved 18 February 2023.
  6. ^ a b Hendrix 2012, p. 17.
  7. ^ a b "Castle History - Burg Hohenzollern EN". www.burg-hohenzollern.com. Retrieved 18 February 2023.
  8. ^ Die Erinnerung vom J. 19 ist mir ungemein lieblich und wie ein schöner Traum, zumal der Sonnenuntergang, den wir von einer der Schloßbastionenen aus sahen. [...] Nun ist ein Jugendtraum-Wunsch, den Hohenzollern wieder bewohnbar gemachet zu sehen.. Kennzeichen BL Heimatkunde für den Zollernalbkreis; eds. Waldemar Lutz, Jürgen Nebel, Hansjörg Noe; Lörrach, Stuttgart, 1987
    ISBN 978-3-12-258310-1
    ; p. 121f.
  9. ^ Taylor 2009, p. Burg Hohenzollern.
  10. ^ Katritzki 2005, p. 50.
  11. ^ Postscript : Coming Home to Rest After 205 Years, 6 Stops : Frederick the Great wanted to be buried in the garden of his summer palace. Now, he’s about to get his wish., in: Los Angeles Times, Aug. 13, 1991
  12. ^ "Burg Hohenzollern: Hundertfünfzig Jahre Einsamkeit" (in German). Südkurier. 30 November 2017.
  13. ^ Hohenzollern Castle, "Life-saving snuff box, gold and silver"
  14. ^ a b Hohenzollern Castle, "Privately owned for 1,000 years"
  15. ^ "George Frederick The Prince of Prussia". Archived from the original on 12 May 2018. Retrieved 10 September 2017.
  16. ^ "Castle Hohenzollern plays backdrop for a movie". Deutsche Welle. 15 March 2017. Retrieved 15 August 2017.
  17. ^ Architectural Digest: How A Cure for Wellness Marries Horror and Beauty in Set Design, 14 February 2017
  18. ^ Brenner, Julia. "Regisseur Gore Verbinski dreht Horrorfilm auf Burg Hohenzollern" (in German). Schwarzwälder Bote.
  19. ^ BBC: Top 15 facts about The Worst Witch – Media Centre, 11 December 2016
  20. ^ BBC: Cast announced as production begins on CBBC's adaptation of The Worst Witch, 16 May 2016

References

Further reading

News sources

External links

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