Islamic Unity of Afghanistan Mujahideen

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The Islamic Unity of Afghanistan Mujahideen, also known as the Seven Party Mujahideen Alliance, or Peshawar Seven

Organisation of the Islamic Conference.[4]

The constituents of the Peshawar Seven alliance fell into two categories, the political Islamists:

Revolutionary Islamic Movement (Mohammadi
).

All of the groups were

Shi'a Muslims.[5] It was named the Tehran Eight
– an alliance of eight Shia Afghan factions, supported by Iran.

In February 1989 the groups attempted to form a coalition

government in exile from Peshawar, which they called the Afghan Interim Government (AIG). The AIG aimed to base themselves in the city of Jalalabad and attack the administration in Kabul. However, the mujahideen failed to win the 1989 Battle of Jalalabad.[6]

Although Islamic Unity of Afghanistan Mujahideen alliance took its formal shape in the mid-1980s, it had de facto existed as a political bloc since May 1979, when the Pakistani government decided to limit the flow of foreign financial aid, mainly from the United States (under the Reagan Doctrine) and Saudi Arabia, to the said seven organizations, thus cutting off monetary supply to nationalist and leftwing resistance groups.[7]

Alliance formation

Though the 2 primary scholars on this issue agree that the coalition was founded, under pressure from the United States, Saudi Arabia and Pakistan, as a coalition of groups fighting against the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan, there are disparate claims about when the coalition was formed, and who was responsible for funding it. According to Tom Lansford, the author of A Bitter Harvest: US Foreign Policy and Afghanistan, the group was formed in 1985 and financed by Saudis. However, Vijay Prashad, Director of the International Studies Program at Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut, asserts that the foundation occurred earlier, in 1981, and specifically cites Osama bin Laden as one of the primary Saudi financiers.

Members of the alliance

There were seven members of the Mujahedeen Alliance of Afghanistan, a predominantly Sunni Islamic union, with one Sufi order organization member. It consisted of:

Pashto/Persian name Latin transliteration English name Leader
حزب اسلامی گلبدین Hizb-e Islami Gulbuddin Islamic Party (Gulbuddin faction) Gulbuddin Hekmatyar
حزب اسلامی خالص Hizb-e Islami Khalis
Islamic Party (Khalis faction)
Mulavi Younas Khalis
(died 2006)
جمعیت اسلامی افغانستان Jamiat-e Islami
Islamic Society
 Burhanuddin Rabbani (killed 2011)
شوراء نظار Shura-e Nazar
(an offshoot of Jamiat-e Islami) 		Supervisory Council of the North Ahmad Shah Massoud (killed 2001)
اتحاد اسلامی برای آزادی افغانستان Ittehad-e Islami bara-ye Azadi-ye Afghanistan
Islamic Union for the Liberation of Afghanistan
 Abdul Rasul Sayyaf
حمحاذ ملی اسلامی افغانستان Mahaz-e Milli-ye Islami-ye Afghanistan
National Islamic Front for Afghanistan
 Ahmed Gailani (died 2017)
جبه نجات ملی Jebh-e-Nejat-e Melli National Liberation Front Sibghatullah Mojaddedi (died 2019)
حرکت انقلاب اسلامی افغانستان Harakat-i-Inqilab-i-Islami
Islamic Revolution Movement
 Mohammad Nabi Mohammadi (died 2002)

References

  1. OCLC 761224415.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link
    )
  2. ^ Rohan Gunaratna (2002). Inside Al Qaeda: Global Network of Terror.
    ISBN 978-0-231-12692-2
    . Union of Mujahidin OR Union of Mujahideen.
  3. ^ Tom Lansford (2003). A Bitter Harvest: US Foreign Policy and Afghanistan.
    Islamic Union for the Liberation of Afghanistan
    which was established and funded by the Saudis.
  4. ^ Collins, George W. (March–April 1986). "The War in Afghanistan". Air University Review. Archived from the original on 2008-10-03. Retrieved 2009-03-27.
  5. ISBN 978-0-7546-4220-6
    .
  6. ^ "Refworld | Human Rights Watch World Report 1989 - Afghanistan".
  7. ^ Ruttig, Thomas. Islamists, Leftists – and a Void in the Center. Afghanistan's Political Parties and where they come from (1902-2006) (PDF). Konrad Adenauer Stiftung. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-05-24. Retrieved 2009-03-27.

Bibliography

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