Iraq–Israel relations
Iraq |
Israel |
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Iraq–Israel relations refer to the bilateral ties between the State of Israel and the Republic of Iraq. Due to Iraq's non-recognition of Israel as a legitimate state since the latter's establishment in 1948, the two countries have not had any formal diplomatic relations. The Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq was a part of the Arab coalition that declared war on and invaded Israel shortly after its establishment, sparking the First–Arab Israeli War, and the two states have since then been in a continuous state of hostilities. Iraqi forces also participated in the Third Arab–Israeli War and the Fourth Arab–Israeli War in 1967 and 1973, respectively.[1]
In 1981, Israel carried out
The post-2003 Republic of Iraq continues to be a strong supporter of the Arab League boycott of Israel. All Iraqi passports are invalid for travel to Israel and Israeli passports are likewise invalid for entry into Iraq. Alongside a number of other Arab and Muslim-majority countries, Iraq is designated as a hostile state under Israeli law, and Israeli citizens may not visit the country without a special permit issued by the Israeli Interior Ministry.
History
Until the 2003 Iraq War
The
Despite not sharing a border with Israel, Iraq was an important player in the Arab–Israeli conflict. Iraqi troops present in Jordan became involved in the Six-Day War in 1967, suffering 10 dead. The war ended before the Iraqis had time to undertake any serious offensive action. Iraq played a much more important role in the Yom Kippur War, when it sent 30,000 men, 250–500 tanks, and 700 APCs to the Syrian front just as the Syrians were on the verge of collapse. Combined Syrian, Iraqi and Jordanian counterattacks prevented the Israelis from advancing further into Syria, but failed to push the Israelis back. The war ended in an Arab defeat, with Israeli forces standing 40 km from Damascus.
Under
During the
According to British author
Saddam Hussein was widely revered in
Since the 2003 war in Iraq
In 2003, a US-UK led coalition of nations toppled Hussein's government in an effort called
On the contrary, some have argued that Israel did not have much role in pushing for the war. According to former US
Former
On 1 July 2008, Israeli
Iraqi MP Mithal al-Alusi has twice visited Israel; once in 2004 and again in 2008, drawing protest from many in the Iraqi government. He has called for diplomatic relations and military intelligence sharing between Iraq and Israel.[13][14]
During the
Some Iraqi officials and Kurdish leaders have accused the Iraqi government of secretly smuggling oil to Israel. Kurdish MP Farhad al-Atroushi accused the Iraqi government of smuggling oil to Israel via Jordan. The allegation was denied by Iraq's Deputy Prime Minister Hussain al-Shahristani and Jordan's Information and Communication Minister Rakan al-Majali. Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki denied the allegation as well and in turn accused Iraqi Kurdistan of smuggling oil to Israel.[19][20]
Before the
On 26 May 2022, the
In November 2023, the Islamic Resistance in Iraq began military operations against Israel, targeting Eilat, the Karish gas field, Haifa and Ashdod with drones and missiles. Many of the drones and missiles have been intercepted by the Israeli Air Force and Royal Jordanian Air Force.[30]
See also
- Iraq–Palestine relations
- Iraqi Jews in Israel
- Arab–Israeli conflict
- Israeli–Kurdish relations
- International recognition of Israel
References
- ^ Yoram Dinstein, War, Aggression and Self-Defence, 3rd ed. (Cambridge University Press, 2001), p. 45.
- ^ Nir Mann (22 April 2010). "A life underground". Haaretz. Retrieved 7 December 2013.
- ^ "Satellite News and latest stories | The Jerusalem Post". fr.jpost.com.
- ^ Verteryesterday, Yossi (27 February 2009). "British Author: Rabin Asked Jordan to Arrange Secret Visit With Saddam - Haaretz - Israel News". Haaretz.com. Archived from the original on 5 May 2009. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
- ^ "Israel reveals plot to kill Saddam in 1992". Rediff.com. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
- ^ "Palestinians get Saddam funds". BBC. 13 March 2003. Retrieved 12 March 2015.
- ^ Lewis, Avi; Berman, Lazar (25 February 2015). "Top US diplomat questions prime minister's judgement as rift over nuclear talks deepens". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 12 March 2015.
- ^ Kayer, J (16 August 2002). "Israel urges U.S. to attack". The Washington Post.
- ^ Alon, Gideon (13 August 2002). "Sharon Panel: Iraq is our biggest danger". Haaretz.
- ^ "Doug Feith: Israel didn't push for Iraq War". Ynetnews. 13 May 2008.
- ^ "Iraq not to establish diplomatic ties with Israel: Allawi". People's Daily. 27 July 2004.
- ^ "Historic Handshake: Barak Meets Iraq's President in Athens". Haaretz.com. 1 July 2008. Archived from the original on 4 August 2009. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
- Jerusalem Post, 22 September 2008
- Xinhua, 24 November 2008
- ^ "Iraqi Gov. Condemns Israeli airstrikes on Gaza". Patriotic Union of Kurdistan. 28 December 2008. Archived from the original on 3 October 2011. Retrieved 28 December 2008.
- ^ "Gaza protests extend from Mideast to Europe - World news - Mideast/N. Africa - Israel-Palestinians | NBC News". MSNBC.msn.com. 29 December 2008. Archived from the original on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
- ^ Attack on Gaza flotilla 'humanitarian disaster', says Iraq official, Earth Times, Deutsche Presse Agentur, 31 May 2010
- ^ Baghdad welcomes all relations but rejects ties with Israel: Iraqi PM Archived 21 July 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Al Arabiya, Al Arabiya News, 1 July 2012
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 21 July 2014. Retrieved 9 December 2012.
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: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
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: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Williams, Dan (20 October 2017). "Netanyahu lobbies world powers to stem Iraqi Kurd setbacks". Reuters. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
- ^ "Iraq Parliament approves bill banning ties with Israel". Middle East Monitor. 26 May 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
- ^ staff, T. O. I. "Iraqis communicating with Israel in any way could soon face execution – report". www.timesofisrael.com. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
- ^ "Iraqi lawmakers pass bill criminalizing any ties with Israel". CTVNews. 26 May 2022. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
- ^ a b AP (26 May 2022). "Iraq passes law making contact with Israel punishable by death". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
- ^ staff, T. O. I. "Iraqis communicating with Israel in any way could soon face execution – report". www.timesofisrael.com. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
- ^ Magid, Jacob; AP (27 May 2022). "US slams Iraqi law banning ties with Israel: 'Promotes environment of antisemitism'". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
- ^ Lazaroff, Tovah (27 May 2022). "Israel condemns new Iraqi law criminalizing normalization with state". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
- ^ Ferrer, Richard (27 May 2022). "UK urges Baghdad to repeal law that sees any Iraqi contacting Israel face death". Jewish News. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
- ^ "Iran-backed militias in Iraq claim to have targeted Israeli gas rig in Mediterranean". The Times of Israel. 22 December 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2023.