Jawor
Jawor | ||
---|---|---|
Car plates DJA | | |
Website | jawor.pl |
Jawor [ˈjavɔr] (German: Jauer) is a town in south-western Poland with 22,890 inhabitants (2019). It is situated in the Lower Silesian Voivodeship (from 1975 to 1998 it was in the former Legnica Voivodeship). It is the seat of Jawor County, and lies approximately 61 kilometres (38 mi) west of the regional capital Wrocław. Through the town flows the 31 mile long Raging Nysa river (pl: Nysa Szalona).
History
The name of the city Jawor comes from the Polish word for "
The German name Jauer is a Germanized version of the original Slavic name, and by 1750 Polish name Jawor was still used in Polish by Prussian authorities.[3] The German name became official after 1763 and Austro-Prussian war.
Jawor was the main
After loss of the town by Poland, it was then ruled by Bohemia, Hungary, Bohemia again and Austria. The town suffered during the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) as a result of repeated invasions, occupations, religious persecutions and epidemics. In 1626 it was plundered by the Austrians, in 1633 briefly occupied by Saxony and recaptured by Austria, in 1639 occupied by the Swedes and in 1640 recaptured by Austria, in 1642 occupied by the Swedes, then the Austrians and again the Swedes, finally captured in 1648 by the Austrians, who plundered and burned the town and expelled its inhabitants.[4] After the war, in accordance with the Peace of Westphalia, the so-called Church of Peace was built, however, the Protestants were still being discriminated against by the Austrian administration.[4]
In the 18th century, the town and region was the subject of Austrian-Prussian wars, eventually passing to
Notable people
- theologian
- botanist
- Wilhelm Ebstein (1836-1912), doctor who described the heart disorder Ebstein's anomaly
- archeologist
- Nazi propagandist
- Heinz Finke(1920–1996), German officer
- Janusz Krasoń (born 1956), Polish politician
- Marshal of Sejm(since 2019)
- Aleksander Śliwka, (born 1995), Polish volleyball player
The surname "Jaworski," meaning someone whose ancestors had ties to Jawor, is a fairly common surname both in Poland itself, and among Polish emigres to countries such as the United States. Examples include Leon Jaworski and Ron Jaworski.
Twin towns – sister cities
- Berdychiv, Ukraine
- Niepołomice, Poland
- Niesky, Germany
- Roseto degli Abruzzi, Italy
- Turnov, Czech Republic
Sights
- Church of Peace in Jawor, dating from 1655;[8] a UNESCO World Heritage Site and Historic Monument of Poland
- Jawor Castle, former residence of local Piast dukes
- Jawor "Soliński", the nearby mountain peak
- Gothic-Renaissance St. Martin's church, dating from 1267–1290.[8]
- Regional Museum (Muzeum Regionalne) located in the former Bernardine monastery
- Town Hall
- Medieval town walls
- Strzegomska Tower
- Municipal Theatre (Teatr Miejski)
- St. Adalbert chapel
- St. Barbara church
- Former Beguine monastery and church
-
Church of Peace
-
Church of Peace, interior
-
St. Martin church
-
Market Square (Rynek)
-
Old townhouses at the Market Square
-
Legnicka Street in the Old Town
-
Former Bernardine monastery
-
Chrobry Street in the Old Town
References
- ^ "Population. Size and structure and vital statistics in Poland by territorial division in 2019. As of 30th June". stat.gov.pl. Statistics Poland. 2019-10-15. Retrieved 2020-02-14.
- ^ Jan Rybotycki: Jawor od zarania dziejów do roku 1263. Jawor: 1984.
- ^ Wznowione powszechne taxae-stolae sporządzenie, Dla samowładnego Xięstwa Sląska, Podług ktorego tak Auszpurskiey Konfessyi iak Katoliccy Fararze, Kaznodzieie i Kuratusowie Zachowywać się powinni. Sub Dato z Berlina, d. 8. Augusti 1750.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Kalendarium Historii Jawora (in Polish)
- ^ a b c d e f "Historia". Gmina Jawor (in Polish). Retrieved 14 February 2020.
- ^ a b "Jawor: Zamek Piastowski - siedziba książąt, wariatów i więźniów". Wrocław Nasze Miasto (in Polish). Retrieved 14 February 2020.
- ^ "Miasta partnerskie". jawor.pl (in Polish). Jawor. Retrieved 2020-02-28.
- ^ a b Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 281.
External links
- Official site
- Local flags
- Jewish Community in Jawor on Virtual Shtetl
- Church Of Peace in Jawor - photo gallery