John Hick (politician)

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the UK Member of Parliament. For the philosopher and theologian, see John Hick.

John Hick
JP
May 1861 by Francis Grant RA (1803–1878)
Born2 July 1815
Bolton, Lancashire, England
Died2 February 1894 (1894-02-03) (aged 78)
Whalley, Lancashire
, England
NationalityBritish
Occupation(s)Civil and Mechanical engineer
Steel manufacturer
Politician
Company director

John Hick

fabrics woven.[4]

Family

Hick was the eldest son of

patented improvements to the Rotary steam engine.[7][8][9][10]

Education and early career

Educated at a private school near Alderley, Cheshire and Bolton Grammar School[11] where he received a commercial and classical education, Hick entered Benjamin Hick's Soho Works from school and from a young age, management of the Bolton engineering firm Benjamin Hick and Son with his father. Following Benjamin Hick's death in 1842, Hick became senior partner in the family business, later Hick, Hargreaves, & Co and a member of the Institution of Civil Engineers[2] in 1845.[4][12][13]

He was

Sir Richard Moon and Lord Stalbridge, from 1871 until his death.[18]

In 1839, age 23, while working for B. Hick and Son, John Hick Jr as he was referred to at the time, was awarded the silver medal by the

Marc Brunel for pulley block manufacture at Portsmouth and received the praise of three eminent engineers; Bryan Donkin, Joshua Field and John Rennie.[19]

During 1842, Hick was awarded a second silver medal by the Society of Arts for his invention of an

Elliptograph; conceived in 1840,[20] the device provided a simple and accurate solution for the drawing ellipsoid forms of various proportions. Hick received further praise from James Nasmyth, William Fairbairn, Joseph Whitworth, and amongst others, Charles Holtzapffel, Chairman of the Committee of Mechanics. Models of both devices were placed in the Society's repository.[19][21]

Hick contributed a paper to the Institute of Mechanical Engineers in 1849 on a friction

screw propellers, c. 1855 is held in the Science Museum marine engines collection.[22]

Marriage

John Hick married Margaret Bashall (1824–1872), eldest daughter of

industrialist William Bashall, partner in Bashall & Boardman of Farington Lodge, near Preston on 24 June 1846,[2][23][24] they raised four daughters.[2]

Following Margaret Hick's death in 1872,

Anti-Corn Law League with his brother Henry Ashworth (1794–1880)[29] JP, in association with John Bright and Richard Cobden (Henry Ashworth's brother-in-law), and supporter of reforming, anti-slavery and peace organisations.[30] The Ashworths are both thought to have been Oswald Millbank in Benjamin Disraeli's novel Coningsby.[31][32][33][34][35] The two families (Hick and Ashworth) were linked by marriage in 1868 when Hick's first child and eldest daughter Margaret (1847–1929) married Edmund Ashworth Jr (1833–1901).[36][37] The "highly respected" Reverend Bashall retired[27] to the position of curate at St Barnabas church, Addison Road, Kensington from about 1876[27][38][39] remaining in the area until his death, 1902.[40][41]

The Great Exhibition

Steel Tyres, Decarbonized Steel, Boiler & Firebox Plates, Railes Angles & Bars & General Forgings ijn Steel & Wrought Iron, Heavy Solid Cast Steel Anvils. Heavy Castings in Steel.", showing the Nasmyth steam hammer and a 2-2-2
steam locomotive

1851 saw the

Prince Albert at St James's Palace 18 March 1850.[42][43]

While the family business of Benjamin Hick and Son displayed machinery

John Farey, Henry Maudslay (1822–1899), grandson of Henry Maudslay,[49] Rev. Henry Moseley and Robert Napier for Class V. Machines for Direct Use, Including Carriages, Railway and Marine Mechanism.[50][51] Condition 6. of the Exhibition's Decisions Regarding Juries restricted jurors from competing for prizes in the class to which they were appointed; prizes could not be awarded to the individual or the companies the Juror represented.[52]

In 1855, Hick exhibited two pieces from his collection of art works: The

Stag Hunt[53] and Lady Jane Grey and Roger Ascham by John Callcott Horsley in the Fine Art Division of the Exposition Universelle (1855) alongside his father-in-law William Bashall who presented The Madrigal, also by Horsley.[54] Hick and Bashall used the same pair again for the 1857 Art Treasures Exhibition in Manchester with Cupid and Psyche by Benjamin West PRA[55] and Crossing the Brook by Paul Falconer Poole.[56]

Hick was a force behind the movement that led to the formation of the

Hick, Hargreaves & Co,[63] was made a Captain 16 March 1872,[64] resigning his commission about four years later 23 February 1876.[65]

Bolton Iron and Steel Company

In 1860, partners in

open-hearth process began in 1867.[69] Rolling, casting and forging equipment was installed, its products included steel deck beams for ships and sheet metal for shovels,[70] during 1865 Bolton Iron & Steel cast the largest anvil block made in England, weighing 210 tons. By 1869 the company was making open hearth steel and manufacturing steam hammers to the design of Francis Webb.[69][71] Hick's nephew[63] became a shareholder following incorporation on 9 June 1876.[72]

Mrs Margaret Hick by Francis Grant RA, presented at the Royal Academy of Arts, May 1861

About 1861 society painter Francis Grant produced portraits of John Hick and his wife Margaret, both works eventually hung together in the family home at Mytton Hall.[6] Hick was an associate of Bolton engineer, artist and photographer Reuben Mitchell (1812–1895), and pursued his own interest in photography,[73][74] he was also a supporter of the artists Copley Fielding, William Powell Frith, Patrick Nasmyth, Samuel Prout, Edward Matthew Ward and others;[6] the engineer and artist James Nasmyth described John Hick as an "excellent friend".[75]

Hick wrote a history of

Rainhill Trials.[73][77]

Sans Pareil was previously owned by Hick's brother-in-law and eventual business partner

Shildon Locomotion Museum annexe.[80][81]

In 1867, Hick first published a paper, reprinted from

Dr William Rankine, describing an important series of experiments carried out using a joint invention of Hick and Robert Lüthy (1840–1883),[82] a Swiss engineer employed by Hick, and inventor of a hydraulic cotton packing press. Hick's father was the inventor of the self tightening collar, used universally in hydraulic presses.[83][84][85][86]

Parliament

On 17 November 1868 Hick was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Bolton.[2] After election and to avoid a conflict of interest, he immediately resigned his position within Hick, Hargreaves and Co.,[2] the firm were already in possession of government contracts,[12][13] and withdrew from the Bolton Iron and Steel Company.[87] During this period he stayed in St James's, Piccadilly, his first wife and daughters remaining at 'Hill Top', Belmont[2][88] an extensive late 18th century manor house rented from a local family. Hill Top was destroyed by fire in 1909.[89][15] Hick held the Bolton seat until 24 March 1880[13][90] when as a result of ill-health, he chose not to stand for re-election.[91]

Hick was a

Education Act 1870 and an adherent to the view that religious and secular education should not be separated.[12] As a Conservative he was a member of the Carlton, Conservative[2] and St Stephen's Clubs.[88]

He was actively involved in debates about the welfare of people working in

war-vessels.[4]

Hick also served on a Select Committee appointed June 1874 to investigate the testing of

continuous brakes, June 1879.[95] As a director of LNWR, Hick defended the railway's position, stating he "regarded all automatic machinery with distrust".[96]

About July 1870, Hick was trustee to the estate of former Bolton mayor and MP Stephen Blair with Thomas Lever Rushton, William Hargreaves and others, empowered to build and furnish a 'free hospital for sick persons without limit of domicile'. Blair Hospital, now demolished was built on land donated by former mayor James Knowles at Bromley Cross.[97][98]

He was

Institute of Mechanical Engineers in 1871,[13] proposed by Frederick Bramwell[100] and elected a Member of Council in 1872, a Vice-President of the institute from 1874 to 1876.[13]

Mytton Hall – entrance c.1893, by Thomas Parkinson, Bolton.

For his contribution to the 1873

International Exhibition at South Kensington Hick was presented with a bronze medal,[101] he was a member of the Permanent Committee for the Representation for British Pictures for the 1874 International Exhibition with fellow MPs Henry Bolckow, Alexander Brown, Henry Eaton, Joshua Fielden, William Graham, John Snowdon Henry, John Pender and others.[102]

Hick became an executor for the estate of John Hargreaves in March 1875, following Hargreaves' death at Silwood Park, Sunninghill in December 1874.[103]

On 15 March 1879, towards the end of his time as an

liquidated about 1892.[106]

Pollution trial

After leaving parliament Hick and

environmental pollution.[108]

The river ran close to Mytton Hall where landlord Aspinall held the fishing rights and John Hick was lessee from 1874.[109] The trial was presided over by the Vice-Chancellor of England, Sir James Bacon.[110][111] In December 1880 Hick and Aspinall received presentations at Mytton Hall from the local angling community in recognition of "...their services in preventing pollution to the River Ribble and its tributaries".[112]

Science Museum

During 1887 Hick was a member of the mechanical collections committee chaired by

Imperial Institute.[113]

Death

LNWR engine no. 20 John Hick, built at Crewe Works[114]

Hick died at the age of 78 after some months of failing health when living at Mytton Hall,[12] Whalley, Lancashire[13] and Lezayre, Isle of Man,[1] where he was also a Justice of the Peace.[115]

Like his father Benjamin, John Hick accumulated a large and valuable collection of art works, some of which was inherited, others purchased from the auction of Benjamin Hick's estate in 1843,[6][116][117] and devoted his final years at Mytton Hall to compiling an elaborately illustrated catalogue of the collection;[12] some of these works were auctioned by Christie's during June and July 1909[118] following Rebecca Hick's death in 1908.[26][119] The Hick library at Mytton Hall was dispersed at Capes Dunne & Co. Manchester in November 1909.[120]

From the year of his death the

William Siemens.[122][123][124]

Hick was unique in that he was the only LNWR director to have a locomotive class named after him in memoriam.[125][126]

Following withdrawal of the John Hick Class in 1912, during the month of the anniversary of Hick's death, February 1913, 5 of 6 names were transferred to the LNWR

London Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS).[127]

See also

References

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  115. ^ Walford, Edward (1919). The county families of the United Kingdom; or, Royal manual of the titled and untitled aristocracy of England, Wales, Scotland, and Ireland. London: R. Hardwicke. p. 654. Retrieved 2 December 2015.
  116. ^ "Sale of an Important and Genuine Collection of Pictures, Drawings, Engravings, Bronzes &c". The Art-Union: 26. 1 January 1843. Retrieved 23 January 2014.
  117. ^ Cave (Urban), Edward (Silvanus), ed. (1843). "Sales of Pictures". The Gentleman's Magazine. XIX. London: William Pickering; John Bowyer Nichols and Son: 507–508. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
  118. ^ "A Record of Sale Prices at Christie's During the Season". Art Prices Current. II (1908–9). Philadelphia Museum of Art, Library: London, Offices of the Fine Art Trade Journal: xix, 229, 278. 1909. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
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  120. ^ Butterworth, Walter (1920). "Henry Leverseege – the Ancoats artist". Papers of the Manchester Literary Club. XLVI. Robarts – University of Toronto, Canada: Sherratt & Hughes Manchester: 34 Cross Street: 14–15. Retrieved 7 May 2015.
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  123. ISBN 0903485842
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  124. ISBN 9780853613152
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  125. ISBN 0903485516
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  126. ISBN 0903485842
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  127. ^ "John Hick". BRDatabase – Complete BR Locomotive Database 1948-1997. BRDatabase.info. 2013. Retrieved 18 December 2015.
  128. ^ Strachan, Bolton, Edward, Roy (2016). Romanovs to Revolution: Life in Imperial Russia – 1721–1917 (PDF). Sphinx Fine Art. pp. 24, 27. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 April 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2019.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

External links

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by Member of Parliament for Bolton
1868 – 1880
With: William Gray
John Kynaston Cross 		Succeeded by
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