Justice Society of America
Justice Society of America | |
---|---|
Publication information | |
Publisher | DC Comics |
First appearance | All Star Comics #3 (January 10th 1941) |
Created by |
|
Roster | |
See: List of Justice Society of America members |
The Justice Society of America (JSA) is a superhero team appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics. It was conceived by editor Sheldon Mayer and writer Gardner Fox during the Golden Age of Comic Books. It first appeared in All Star Comics #3 (Winter 1940–1941), making it the first team of superheroes in comic books. Its original members were Doctor Fate, Hourman, the Spectre, Sandman, Atom, the Flash, Green Lantern and Hawkman.
The team was initially popular, but after the popularity of superhero comics waned in the late 1940s, the JSA's adventures ceased with issue #57 of the title (March 1951). During the Silver Age of Comic Books, DC Comics reinvented several Justice Society members and brought many of them together in a new team, the Justice League of America. Other JSA members remained absent from comics for ten years until Jay Garrick appeared alongside Barry Allen, his Silver Age counterpart, in The Flash #123 (September 1961). The Justice Society was established as existing on "Earth-Two" and the Justice League on "Earth-One", different versions of Earth in different universes. This allowed for annual cross-dimensional team-ups of the teams between 1963 and 1985. New series, such as All-Star Squadron, Infinity, Inc. and a new All-Star Comics featured the JSA, their children and their heirs, and explored the issues of aging, generational differences, and contrasts between the Golden Age and subsequent eras.
The 1985
Publication history
All Star Comics
The Justice Society of America first appeared in
The JSA's adventures were written by Gardner Fox as well as by John Broome and Robert Kanigher. The series was illustrated by a legion of artists including: Martin Nodell, Joe Kubert, Jack Kirby, Harry Lampert, Joe Simon, Alex Toth, Sheldon Moldoff, Carmine Infantino, Joe Giella, Win Mortimer, Bernard Baily, Frank Giacoia, H. G. Peter, Jack Burnley, Lee Elias, Irwin Hasen, Bob Oksner, Paul Reinman, Everett Edward Hibbard, and Bernard Sachs.[7]: 21–34
The first JSA story featured the team's first meeting, with a framing sequence for each member telling a story of an individual exploit. In the next issue, the team worked together on a common case, but each story from there on still featured the members individually on a mission involving part of the case, and then banding together in the end to wrap things up. An in-house rule explicitly laid out on the last page of All Star Comics #5, reprinted on page 206 of All Star Comics Archives Vol. 1, required that whenever a member received his or her own title, that character would leave All Star Comics, becoming an "honorary member" of the JSA. Thus, the Flash was replaced by Johnny Thunder after #6, and Green Lantern left shortly thereafter for the same reason. For this reason, Superman and Batman were established as already being "honorary" members prior to All Star Comics #3. How these two heroes helped found the JSA before becoming honorary members was not explained until DC Special #29 in 1977. Hawkman is the only member to appear in every JSA adventure in the original run of All Star Comics.[7]: 178
All Star Comics #8 (December 1941/January 1942) featured the first appearance of Wonder Woman.[8] Unlike the other characters who had their own titles, she was allowed to appear in the series, but only as the JSA's secretary from #11 onward, and did not actively take part in most adventures until much later in the series. She was excluded from the title because of the same rules that had excluded the Flash, Green Lantern, Superman, and Batman from the title, though in #13 it was claimed she had become an active member.
A fan club for the team called the "Junior Justice Society of America" was introduced in All Star Comics #14 (Dec. 1942-Jan. 1943). The membership kit included a welcome letter, a badge, a decoder, a four-page comic book, and a membership certificate.[9]
By All Star Comics #24 (Spring 1945), a real-world schism between National Comics and All-American Publications—a nominally independent company run by Max Gaines and Jack Liebowitz—had occurred, which resulted in the Detective Comics, Inc. (National Comics) heroes being removed from the title. As a result, the Flash and Green Lantern returned to the team. With issue #27 (Winter 1945), National Comics bought out Max Gaines' share of All-American and the two companies merged to form Detective Comics, Inc.[7]: 84–89 The JSA roster remained mostly the same for the rest of the series.[10] Gardner Fox left the series with issue #34 (April–May 1947) with a story that introduced a new super-villain, the Wizard.[11] The Injustice Society first battled the JSA in issue #37 in a tale written by Robert Kanigher.[12] The team's second female member Black Canary first helped the group in All Star Comics #38 and became a full member in #41.[13]
All Star Comics and the JSA's Golden Age adventures ended with issue #57, the title becoming All-Star Western, with no superheroes.[14] A good amount of artwork has survived from an unpublished All Star Comics story titled "The Will of William Wilson" and has been reprinted in various publications from TwoMorrows Publishing.[15]
The explanation for the team's disappearance, and the inactivity of most of its roster after the early 1950s, was first given in Adventure Comics #466 ("The Defeat of the Justice Society!", December 1979) by writer Paul Levitz, which explained that most of the Society chose to disband and retire rather than appear in front of the Joint Un-American Activities Committee, which demanded that they unmask themselves.[16]
The chairmanship of the Justice Society mostly resided with Hawkman, although initially the Flash, and later Green Lantern, took turns leading the team. For a brief period in 1942, they were known as the Justice Battalion, as they became an extension of the armed forces of the United States of America during World War II.
The headquarters for the JSA was a hotel suite in New York City initially and, after the war, the team settled on a
The Silver Age
Having successfully introduced new versions of several characters (the Flash, Green Lantern, etc.) during the late 1950s, DC tapped industry veteran, and former Justice Society writer, Gardner Fox to create a new version of the Justice Society. Editor Julius Schwartz, influenced by the popularity of Major League Baseball's National League and American League, decided to change the name of the team from Justice Society to Justice League.[21]
In The Flash #123 (September 1961) "The Flash of Two Worlds", the Silver Age Flash meets his Golden Age counterpart, Jay Garrick who, along with the rest of the original Justice Society, is said to inhabit an alternative universe. This historic meeting thus became one of the classic DC comics of the Silver Age.[22] Fan letters on the pages of following issues were wildly enthusiastic about the revival of the original Flash, both from older fans who remembered the old JSA tales, and younger fans eager to learn more about these new heroes. Further meetings occurred in The Flash #129 "Double Danger on Earth" (June 1962), and The Flash #137 "Vengeance of the Immortal Villain" (June 1963). The Flash #129 contains the first mention of the JSA in the Silver Age, and refers directly to their last adventure in All-Star Comics #57, while in The Flash #137 the JSA re-form.[23]
These stories set the stage for "Crisis on Earth-One" (Justice League of America #21, August 1963)[24] and "Crisis on Earth-Two" (Justice League of America #22, September 1963),[25] a two-part tale where the Golden Age Justice Society teams up with the Silver Age Justice League to combat a team of villains from both worlds.[26] The following year, the two teams of heroes worked together to stop an evil version of the Justice League from another alternative Earth (Justice League of America #29, "Crisis on Earth-Three", August 1964).[27] These stories became the first in a long series of team-ups of the two supergroups, an annual summer tradition which continued until 1985.
As well as the annual Justice League of America appearances, members of the JSA guest-starred in other titles over the next several years: the Golden Age Atom in The Atom #29 and #36, and the Golden Age Green Lantern in several issues of Green Lantern. In addition, a number of the characters appeared in team-up stories in issues of the DC titles The Brave and the Bold and Showcase, while the Spectre was given a solo run in the latter which led to his own series.[28]
Some JSA members during this period, residing on "Earth-Two", were portrayed as middle-aged versions of their younger, contemporary "Earth-One" counterparts; the "Earth-Two" characters' portrayal as older than their counterparts eased incorporation of the existing fictional history of the Justice Society of America into newly written stories about the "Earth-Two" characters. Later, this fictional age gap was to become a major theme for character development, with the fictional histories of different versions of the same characters deviating significantly from each other in ways impacted by their differences in age, including even the deaths of popular characters such as Batman in one setting while different, contemporary versions of the characters lived on as inhabitants of a different fictional "Earth".[29][30]
The Bronze Age
The JSA's popularity grew until they regained their own title. All Star Comics #58 (January/February 1976) saw the group return as mentors to a younger set of heroes briefly called the "Super Squad" until they were integrated into the JSA proper. This run lasted until #74, with a brief run thereafter in Adventure Comics #461–466,[31] but it had three significant developments: it introduced Power Girl in All Star Comics #58,[32][33] chronicled the death of the Golden Age Batman in Adventure Comics #461–462, and, after nearly 40 years, it finally provided the JSA with an origin story in DC Special #29.[34] The Huntress was introduced in DC Super Stars #17 (Nov.–Dec. 1977) which told her origin,[35] and All Star Comics #69 (Nov.–Dec. 1977), which was published the same day.[36] The 1970s run of All Star Comics was written by Gerry Conway and Paul Levitz, and artists included Ric Estrada, Wally Wood, Keith Giffen, Joe Staton, and Bob Layton.
The series was noteworthy for depicting the heroes as having aged into their 50s.[37] The artwork gave them graying hair and lined faces. It was highly unusual, then or now, for a comic book to have heroes this old. Most comic books obscure the timelines or periodically relaunch the series to keep the characters youthful. This depiction was a consequence of the fact that the heroes were closely linked to the era of World War II.[38] This became problematic in the 1980s when the heroes would logically be well into their 60s. The explanation given for this by writer Roy Thomas in All-Star Squadron Annual #3 is that the team, and several friends, have absorbed energy from the magical villain Ian Karkull during an adventure in the 1940s that stunts their aging process.[39]
Meanwhile, the JSA continued their annual team-ups with the Justice League. Notable events include meeting the Fawcett Comics heroes, including Captain Marvel,[40][41][42] the death of Mr. Terrific,[43][44][45] and the origin of the Black Canary.[46][47]
The JLA/JSA crossovers often involved a third team as well such as the Legion of Super-Heroes,[48][49] the New Gods,[50][51][52] the Secret Society of Super Villains,[53][54][55] and the All-Star Squadron.[56][57][58][59][60][61]
All-Star Squadron was a series taking place in the JSA's original setting of the wartime 1940s. This led to a spinoff, modern day series entitled Infinity, Inc. which starred the children and heirs of the JSA members.[62] Both series were written by noted JSA fan Roy Thomas and featured art by Rich Buckler,[63] Jerry Ordway,[64] Todd McFarlane,[65] and others.
In 1985, DC
The JLA–JSA team-ups ended with the last pre-Crisis teamup occurring in Justice League of America #244 and Infinity Inc. #19 during the Crisis.[67][68]
After Crisis on Infinite Earths
One of Roy Thomas's efforts to resolve the Crisis-created inconsistencies was to introduce some analogues to Superman, Batman, and Wonder Woman, in a sequel to All-Star Squadron titled Young All-Stars.
In 1986, DC decided to write off the JSA from active
Justice Society of America (vols. 1 and 2) (1991–1993)
Justice Society of America (vols. 1 and 2) | |
---|---|
Publication information | |
Publisher | DC Comics |
Schedule | Monthly |
Format | Vol. 1 limited series Vol. 2 – ongoing series |
Publication date | (Vol. 1) April 1991 – November 1991 (Vol. 2) August 1992 – May 1993 |
No. of issues | Vol. 1 8 Vol. 2 10 |
Creative team | |
Written by | Len Strazewski |
Penciller(s) | List
|
Inker(s) | List
|
Fan interest resulted in the revival of the JSA in 1991. An eight-issue Justice Society of America limited series featuring a previously untold story set in the 1950s was published in 1991. In the final issues of the four-issue
In 1992, the JSA was given an ongoing monthly series titled Justice Society of America, written by Len Strazewski with art by Mike Parobeck, featuring the original team adjusting to life after returning from Ragnarök. Though Justice Society of America was intended as an ongoing series, and was popular with readers, the decision was made to cancel the book after the third issue's release. Twelve issues of the new series were ultimately commissioned, though publication itself ended with issue #10. Portions of the remaining two issues originally intended for #11–12, which were part of a planned crossover with Justice League Europe, were published in Justice League Europe #49–50.[72][73]
Strazewski, in an interview explaining the cancellation of this series, said, "It was a capricious decision made personally by Mike Carlin because he didn't like Mike's artwork or my writing and believed that senior citizen super-heroes was not what DC should be publishing. He made his opinion clear to me several times after the cancellation."[74]
Justice Society of America included the first appearance of Jesse Quick, the daughter of All-Star Squadron members Liberty Belle and Johnny Quick, who would go on to be a major figure in Flash, Teen Titans, and later Justice Society comics.
Not long after, most of the team was incapacitated or killed in the 1994 crossover series
The rest of the team is now too physically old to continue fighting crime and retires. Starman retires and passes on the Starman legacies to his sons, resulting in the creation of one of the new series following Zero Hour, James Robinson's Starman.
JSA (1999–2006)
JSA | |
---|---|
Publication information | |
Publisher | DC Comics |
Publication date | August 1999 – September 2006 |
No. of issues | 87 |
Creative team | |
Written by | James Robinson, David S. Goyer, Geoff Johns, Paul Levitz |
Artist(s) | Various |
The JSA remained inactive for some time after the events of "
The Justice Society was revived as a monthly series called JSA in 1999 which mixed the few remaining original members with younger counterparts. This incarnation of the team focused on the theme of generational legacy and of carrying on the heroic example established by their predecessors. The series was launched by James Robinson[76] and David S. Goyer. Goyer later co-wrote the series with Geoff Johns,[77] who continued to write the series solo after Goyer's departure. The series featured the art of Stephen Sadowski, Leonard Kirk, and Don Kramer, among others. It featured a story by Pulitzer Prize winner Michael Chabon.
During the events of Infinite Crisis, some of the surviving Golden Age characters, such as Wildcat and the Flash, are transported to the new "Earth-Two," as created by Alexander Luthor Jr., and seem to recall the existence of the original one, albeit vaguely.[78]
JSA: Classified (2005–2008)
JSA: Classified | |
---|---|
Publication information | |
Publisher | DC Comics |
Schedule | Monthly |
Publication date | September 2005 – August 2008 |
No. of issues | 39 |
Creative team | |
Created by | Harvey Richards Stephen Wacker |
Written by | Geoff Johns |
Artist(s) | Amanda Conner |
Penciller(s) | Jimmy Palmiotti |
In September 2005, JSA's popularity led to a spinoff series, JSA: Classified, which tells stories of the team at various points in its existence, as well as spotlighting specific members in solo stories. The first arc, written by Geoff Johns with art by Amanda Conner, featured Power Girl's origin. The series was cancelled with issue #39 (August 2008).
One Year Later
After the events of DC's Infinite Crisis crossover and the World War III event chronicled in 52, JSA members Jay Garrick, Alan Scott, and Ted Grant decide to revive the Justice Society.
Justice Society of America vol. 3 (2006–2011)
Justice Society of America vol. 3 | |
---|---|
Publication information | |
Publisher | DC Comics |
Schedule | Monthly |
Format | Ongoing series |
Publication date | February 2007 – October 2011 |
No. of issues | 54 |
Creative team | |
Written by | |
Artist(s) | Alex Ross |
Penciller(s) | List |
Inker(s) | List
|
Colorist(s) | Jeromy Cox, Hi-Fi |
On December 6, 2006, a new series was launched with the creative team of Geoff Johns (writer), Dale Eaglesham (pencils), and Alex Ross (cover art).[79] The beginning of the new series showed JSA veterans the Flash, Green Lantern, and Wildcat choosing members of the new generation of superheroes to train. Continuing a major theme from the previous JSA title, this new series focused on the team being the caretakers of the superhero legacy from one generation to the next.
The crossovers between the JLA and JSA began again with "The Lightning Saga" (see below) in JLA vol. 4 #8–10 and JSA #5–6 and an epilogue in issue #7.
Justice Society of America Annual #1 (September 2008) featured the Justice Society Infinity, a team continuing from an analogous post-Crisis Earth-Two. Most of the members of the Justice Society Infinity are either original members of Earth-Two's Justice Society, such as the Atom and
Johns' run as writer of Justice Society of America ended with issue #26. Following a two-issue story by Jerry Ordway,[80] Bill Willingham and Lilah Sturges took over as writers with issue #29 in July 2009.[81][82]
Another JLA/JSA crossover was chronicled in Justice League of America #44–48 and Justice Society of America #41–42 under the
Following the Brightest Day story arc,
JSA All-Stars vol. 2 (2009–2011)
JSA All-Stars (vol. 2) | |
---|---|
Publication information | |
Publisher | DC Comics |
Schedule | Monthly |
Publication date | February 2010 – July 2011 |
No. of issues | 18 |
Creative team | |
Created by | Lilah Sturges Freddie Williams II |
Written by | Lilah Sturges |
Artist(s) | Freddie Williams II |
An ongoing series titled JSA All-Stars debuted with a February 2010 cover date
DC cancelled JSA All-Stars with issue #18 (July 2011) because of the events of Flashpoint, the DC 2011 summer event.[91] As a result of the title's cancellation, writer Marc Guggenheim had all of the All-Stars except Power Girl and Magog rejoin the JSA in Justice Society of America #49.[92]
DC Rebirth (2011–2017)
In the
In the Watchmen sequel Doomsday Clock, Doctor Manhattan recalls various events in which he indirectly killed Alan Scott and thus brought about changes in the timeline. On July 16, 1940, Alan Scott was riding on a train over a collapsing bridge, but he survived by grabbing onto a green lantern. He continues his life, eventually "sitting at a round table wearing a mask" and later testifying before the House Un-American Activities Committee but refusing to implicate anyone in his employ. On July 16, 1940, again, Doctor Manhattan moves the lantern six inches out of Alan Scott's reach so that Scott dies in the train accident and leaves no family behind.[96] At the Daily Planet, Lois Lane finds a flash-drive showing footage of various members of the Justice Society of America such as Alan Scott, Jay Garrick, Doctor Fate, Hawkman, Hourman, Sandman, and Spectre. Lois did not know about the Justice Society until now.[97] When Doctor Manhattan first arrived in the DC Universe, he witnesses the creation of the JSA and each of its founding members superhero personas. In one timeline (Golden Age/Earth-2), Doctor Manhattan watches as the JSA wait for the arrival of Superman to formally create their team. This then changes to a timeline (Post-Crisis/New Earth) where Superman was not a founding member and did not arrive until 1956. Curious about the importance of Superman and what would happen if time were to be changed and how it would affect him, Doctor Manhattan prevented Alan Scott from becoming Green Lantern. This in turn created the New 52 Universe, and with it, the creation of the Justice Society of America was erased.[98] When Doctor Manhattan undoes the experiment that erased the Justice Society and the Legion of Super-Heroes, the Justice Society (consisting of Atom-Smasher, Cyclone, Damage, Doctor Fate, Doctor Mid-Nite II, Flash, Green Lantern, Hawkman, Hourman II, Jade, Jakeem Thunder and Johnny Thunderbolt, Liberty Belle, Mister Terrific, Obsidian, Power Girl, Sandman II, Stargirl, S.T.R.I.P.E., Wildcat I, and Wildcat II) appears to help Superman fight the rampaging metahumans. Afterwards, the Justice Society investigates the Department of Metahuman Affairs which led to the arrest of those involved.[99]
The Justice Society returns in the pages of Justice League. The League splits up to retrieve fragments on the Totality from the past and future. Flash and Green Lantern are transported to 1941 to retrieve a fragment. They arrive in December 1941 to discover that the Legion of Doom has already travelled to the past and meddled in history, attacking and seemingly conquering the United States. They encounter the Justice Society, much to their surprise, as they are not aware of any superheroes active in the 1940s. However, they begin to develop an affinity for their Golden Age counterparts, and feel that there is an intricate shared history they cannot fully remember.[100]
In the fifth volume of Hawkman following the defeat of Anton Hastor, a deceased Hawkman and Hawkwoman are reborn as their Golden Age counterparts, reuniting with their old friends in the Justice Society.[101]
New Justice (2018–2021)
In the pages of "Dark Nights: Death Metal", Justice Society members Green Lantern, Flash, Doctor Fate, and Wildcat were shown to be guarding the Valhalla Cemetery. The password to get in was "Ma Hunkel" where Green Lantern mentioned that she was the first guardian of the JSA's first headquarters.[102] As Superman and his allies prepare for their final fight against both Perpetua and the Darkest Knight, Justice Society members Damage, Green Lantern, and Flash were present. In addition, Batman used the Black Lantern ring to revive JSA members Atom, Hourman, Ma Hunkel, and Sandman.[103] At the end of "Dark Nights: Death Metal", the Justice Society are shown fighting in World War II alongside the narrator of the series Sgt. Rock. It is explicitly noted that this is 1943 in the DC universe, indicating that they have been fully restored to the timeline.[104]
Infinite Frontier (2021–2023)
This section is empty. You can help by adding to it. (August 2023) |
Dawn of DC (2023–present)
In August 2022 it was announced that following the conclusion of Flashpoint Beyond, a one shot entitled The New Golden Age would release in November that year, with heavy ties to the fourth volume of the Justice Society of America series, with Geoff Johns writing and Mikel Janín providing art. The central storyline also ties in to several limited series like Stargirl: The Lost Children, Alan Scott: The Green Lantern, Jay Garrick: The Flash, and Wesley Dodds: The Sandman.[105]
The first five issues had the Justice Society encountering a Huntress from a possible future and fighting Per Degaton and his time clones. Per Degaton is defeated and Huntress' possible future is erased with Huntress remaining in the present.[106]
Membership
Collected editions
Awards
The Justice Society received a 1965 Alley Award in the category "Strip or Book Most Desired for Revival".[107]
Other versions
Kingdom Come
In the story Kingdom Come, the Justice League that is reformed by Superman is an amalgam of the Justice League and the Justice Society.[108]
JSA: The Golden Age
The Elseworlds story JSA: The Golden Age focuses on the Justice Society after World War II.[109]
Earth 2
This section has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
|
With The New 52, the JSA was relaunched by writer James Robinson and artist Nicola Scott in the Earth-2 series. Additionally, the Worlds' Finest title featured the Huntress and Power Girl, from the new Earth 2, stranded on the main DC Earth. Worlds' Finest was written by Paul Levitz, and was drawn initially by George Pérez and Kevin Maguire on a rotating basis.[110][111]
Under James Robinson, Earth 2 featured new versions of the classic Justice Society members, including a young unmarried Jay Garrick, a gay version of Alan Scott,
Robinson quit Earth 2 with issue #16.[113] DC wished to launch a second weekly Earth 2 book to tie into Future's End, which told of a future where Earth 2 is destroyed by Darkseid, and the surviving residents flee to Earth-0 for sanctuary. The tie-in series World's End saw Darkseid terraform Earth 2 into a new Apokolips as the heroes are barely able to get several ships full of survivors off-world.
Robinson's replacement on Earth 2, Tom Taylor, would promptly phase out the Justice Society characters, replacing them with Batman (who was replaced by a still-alive Thomas Wayne using Miraclo), Dick Grayson, Barbara Gordon, Lois Lane (who was dead under Robinson but resurrected by Taylor as the new Red Tornado), and a new Superman named Val-Zod (a black Kryptonian). Power Girl and Huntress would join the cast as well once Worlds' Finest was cancelled.
Several characters from Earth 2 were the main characters of Convergence, which saw them trapped in the war between the imprisoned cities of previous incarnations of the DC Universe. One of the cities was the Pre-Crisis Earth 2 New York City, where the original JSA and Infinity Inc. participated in the war against their fellow heroes and later Telos and
The new series Earth 2: Society chronicles the heroes' attempt to recreate Earth on this new world. At one point in issue #11, the Wonders of the World were referred to by Green Lantern in the final scene as the "Justice Society."
Earth 3
On
In other media
Television
Animation
- The Jay Garrick / Flash, Dinah Drake / Black Canary, Ted Grant / Wildcat, and Al Pratt / Atom respectively. They fought crime until they were all killed in a nuclear war. Over the course of the following 40 years, a boy mutated by the radiation named Ray Thompson used his psionic powers to recreate the JGA as an illusion until the Justice League arrive in his universe and eventually inspire the JGA to sacrifice themselves to restore reality. According to the writers, the creative team originally intended to use the JSA for the episode, but DC Comics declined as their portrayal clashed with their comic counterparts' post-Crisis on Infinite Earths portrayal.[115]
- The Justice Society appear in Batman: The Brave and the Bold, consisting of Jay Garrick / Flash, Ted Grant / Wildcat, Rex Tyler / Hourman, Charles McNider / Doctor Mid-Nite, Carter Hall / Hawkman, Dinah Drake / Black Canary, Kent Nelson / Doctor Fate, the Spectre, Terry Sloane / Mister Terrific, Alan Scott / Green Lantern, Wesley Dodds / Sandman, and Ted Knight / Starman. This version of the group tutored Batman in his early days. Additionally, Drake was killed in action and asked Grant to look after her daughter Dinah Laurel Lance.
- The Justice Society of America (JSA) appear in Young Justice. According to the series' producers, most of the original JSA members are either dead or retired by the time the series takes place.[116] Most of the team itself appears in a flashback sequence in the episode "Humanity", consisting of Alan Scott / Green Lantern, Jay Garrick / Flash, Wesley Dodds / Sandman, Ted Grant / Wildcat, Kent Nelson / Doctor Fate, and Red Tornado. Additionally, Firebrand was also a member for a short time before she was revealed to be an android created by T. O. Morrow while Dan Garrett / Blue Beetle appears as a member in the episode "Failsafe".
Live-action
- The Justice Society of America appear in the Smallville two-part episode "Absolute Justice", primarily consisting of Carter Hall / Hawkman, Kent Nelson / Doctor Fate, and Courtney Whitmore / Stargirl.[117] Additionally, Sylvester Pemberton / Star-Spangled Kid, Wesley Dodds / Sandman, Ted Grant / Wildcat, Jay Garrick / Flash, Al Pratt / Atom, Alan Scott / Green Lantern, and Red Tornado appear briefly or in flashbacks while Shiera Hall / Hawkgirl, Rex Tyler / Hourman, Charles McNider / Doctor Mid-Nite, Terry Sloane / Mister Terrific, the Spectre, and Dinah Drake / Black Canary appear in a painted group portrait. Like their post-Crisis incarnation, this version of the group is an earlier generation of superheroes who were forced to retire when the government tried to take control of them after determining their real identities before resurfacing in the present to mentor new superheroes.
- The Justice Society of America appear in Rip Hunter, who then transported Stargirl, Steel, and Mid-Nite to differing points in time to guard fragments of the Spear and prevent its reassembly. However, the Legion of Doombrainwashes Hunter into joining them and recovering the fragments, killing Mid-Nite and Steel in the process.
- Two incarnations of the Justice Society of America appear in Stargirl.[120]
- The original group was led by Sylvester Pemberton / Starman and consisted of Kent Nelson / Doctor Fate, Charles McNider / Doctor Mid-Nite, Jay Garrick / Flash, Alan Scott / Green Lantern, Carter Hall / Hawkman, Shiera Hall / Hawkgirl, Rex Tyler / Hourman, arrived, most of the team had been killed and he only had time to evacuate a fatally wounded Starman. Before he died, the latter told the former to find someone worthy of wielding the Cosmic Staff to keep the JSA's legacy alive.
- By the present day, Courtney Whitmore finds the Cosmic Staff, becomes Stargirl, and rebuilds the JSA with Pat as S.T.R.I.P.E. and her friends Cameron Mahkent / Icicle, Artemis Crock, Sandy Hawkins / Sand, Damage, Solomon Grundy, and Richard Swift / Shade. Additionally, Whitmore and Burman went on to become Starwoman and Dragon Queen respectively.
- Ahead of the series premiere, the founding members of Stargirl's JSA made a cameo appearance in "Crisis on Infinite Earths" via archive footage.
Film
- The Justice Society of America appears in the opening credits of Jay Garrick / Flash, Dinah Drake / Black Canary, Carter Hall / Hawkman, and Charles McNider / Doctor Mid-Nite. After Tyler is killed, the JSA retire, though Grant remained active as a professional boxer.
- The Earth-2 incarnation of the Justice Society of America appears in Justice Society: World War II, led by Wonder Woman and consisting of Rex Tyler / Hourman, Dinah Drake / Black Canary, Carter Hall / Hawkman, Steve Trevor, and Jay Garrick / Flash. This version of the group was active during their Earth's version of the titular war.
- The Justice Society appears in Black Adam,[121] led by Carter Hall / Hawkman and consisting of Kent Nelson / Doctor Fate, Maxine Hunkel / Cyclone, and Albert Rothstein / Atom Smasher.[122] Originally, Shayera Hol / Hawkgirl and Courtney Whitmore / Stargirl were going to appear as members as well, but were cut in favor of Cyclone.[123][124][125][126][127] This version of the group are associates of Amanda Waller.
- In addition to Black Adam, a Justice Society film was reported to be in development by Warner Bros. as of May 2020.[128]
- The Justice Society appears in Justice League: Crisis on Infinite Earths. They are among the superheroes that are teleported to the Monitor's space station. When they reunite with Flash, most of its members have gotten older since the last time Flash saw them.
References
- ^ The Catalog of Copyright Entries 1940 Periodicals Jan–Dec New Series Vol 35 Pt 2. Washington, D.C.: United States Copyright Office. 1940. p. 373.
- ^ "All Star Comics #3 (Winter 1940–1941)". Grand Comics Database.
- ISBN 978-0-7566-6742-9.
DC took the 'greatest hits' premise of the comic to its logical conclusion in All Star Comics #3 by teaming the Flash, the Atom, Doctor Fate, Green Lantern, Hawkman, Hourman, Sandman, and the Spectre under the banner of the Justice Society of America for an ongoing series.
- ISBN 9783836519816.
Mayer and Fox cooked up one of the biggest ideas in superhero history: What if the varied stars of All-Star Comics actually met and worked together?
- ^ Markstein, Don (2010). "The Justice Society of America". Don Markstein's Toonopedia.
- ISBN 0821220764.
- ^ ISBN 978-1893905054.
- ^ Wallace "1940s" in Dolan, p. 40: "Wonder Woman...took the lead in Sensation Comics following a sneak preview in All Star Comics #8."
- ISBN 978-0762432578.
- Fantagraphics Books: 36.
- ^ Wallace "1940s" in Dolan, p. 55: "Gardner Fox penned his last story about the Justice Society of America in this issue. The writer...introduced an ill-tempered illusionist called the Wizard."
- ^ Wallace "1940s" in Dolan, p. 56: "In Robert Kanigher's story...a cabal of villains united as the Injustice Society of the World and took revenge on the JSA's assembled do-gooders."
- ^ Wallace "1940s" in Dolan, p. 57: "Black Canary made her first appearance outside of Flash Comics in a feature by writer Robert Kanigher and artist Alex Toth...By the story's end, Black Canary was considered for JSA membership but wouldn't officially join until All Star Comics #41."
- Irvine, Alex"1950s" in Dolan, p. 66: "As superhero comics continued to decline in popularity, many of them mutated into Western, crime, and horror titles. The superhero omnibus All Star Comics was one such series, becoming All-Star Western as of issue #58."
- ^ Thomas, Roy (December 11, 2006). "From All-Star Companion v. 2 – Where There's a 'Will' — There's 'William Wilson'!". Newsarama. Archived from the original on December 6, 2008. Retrieved March 17, 2012.
- ^ Reid, Jeff (May 2, 2012). "DC Histories: Justice Society of America". IFanboy. Archived from the original on February 2, 2015.
- ISBN 978-0313357466.
- ^ Markstein, Don (2010). "All-Star Squadron". Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Archived from the original on April 4, 2012.
- ^ Adventure Comics #466 (Nov 1979)
- OCLC 213309017.
- ISBN 1-893905-48-9.
- ^ McAvennie, Michael "1960s" in Dolan, p. 103: "This classic Silver Age story resurrected the Golden Age Flash and provided a foundation for the Multiverse from which he and the Silver Age Flash would hail."
- ^ Morrissey p. 37
- ^ Fox, Gardner (w), Sekowsky, Mike (p), Sachs, Bernard (i). "Crisis on Earth-One!" Justice League of America, no. 21 (August 1963).
- ^ Fox, Gardner (w), Sekowsky, Mike (p), Sachs, Bernard (i). "Crisis on Earth-Two!" Justice League of America, no. 22 (September 1963).
- ^ McAvennie "1960s" in Dolan, p. 109: "The two-part 'Crisis on Earth-One!' and 'Crisis on Earth-Two!' saga represented the first use of the term 'Crisis' in crossovers, as well as the designations 'Earth-1' and 'Earth-2'. In it editor Julius Schwartz, [writer Gardner] Fox, and artist Mike Sekowsky devised a menace worthy of the World's Greatest Heroes."
- ^ McAvennie "1960s" in Dolan, p. 112: "Writer Gardner Fox and artist Mike Sekowsky crafted a tale in which the Crime Syndicate...ambushed the JLA on Earth-1."
- ^ Morrissey pp. 37–38
- ^ DC Editorial (April 28, 2015). "Convergence Confidential: Detective Comics". DC Comics. DC Comics. Archived from the original on September 24, 2022. Retrieved September 13, 2020.
- ^ "Only Legends Live Forever!" Adventure Comics, vol. 1, no. 462 ((Mar 1979)). DC Comics.
- ^ Wells, John (October 24, 1997), "'Lost' DC: The DC Implosion", Comics Buyer's Guide, no. 1249, Iola, Wisconsin, pp. 131–132,
The contents of All-Star Comics #75 were split into a two-part Justice Society story published in Adventure Comics #461–462.
- ^ McAvennie "1970s" in Dolan, p. 169: "Along with artist Ric Estrada, [Gerry] Conway also introduced the DC Universe to the cousin of Earth-2's Superman, Kara Zor-L a.k.a. Power Girl."
- ^ Conway, Gerry (w), Estrada, Ric (p), Wood, Wally (i). "The Super Squad!" All Star Comics, no. 58 (February 1976).
- ^ McAvennie "1970s" in Dolan, p. 175: "The genesis of comics' first superhero team...had been a mystery since the JSA's debut...Writer Paul Levitz and artist Joe Staton decided to present the definitive origin story."
- ^ McAvennie "1970s" in Dolan, p. 175: "While writer Paul Levitz and artist Joe Staton introduced the Huntress to the JSA in this month's All Star Comics #69, they concurrently shaped her origin in DC Super-Stars."
- ^ "DC Super Stars #17". Grand Comic Database. Archived from the original on September 18, 2016.
- ^ Morrissey p. 45 "[Paul] Levitz had announced his intention to have the JSA members age naturally."
- ISBN 978-1442250062.
- ^ Thomas, Roy; Thomas, Dann (w), Ordway, Jerry; Hoberg, Rick; Buckler, Rich; Boring, Wayne; Howell, Richard; Infantino, Carmine; Newton, Don; Nodell, Martin; Pérez, George; Giffen, Keith (p), Ordway, Jerry; Howell, Richard; Giacoia, Frank; Machlan, Mike; Giella, Joe; Giffen, Keith; Collins, Bill (i). "Midnight in Manhattan-- Late February 1942" All-Star Squadron Annual, no. 3 (1984).
- ^ Bridwell, E. Nelson; Pasko, Martin (w), Dillin, Dick (p), McLaughlin, Frank (i). "Crisis in Eternity!" Justice League of America, no. 135 (October 1976).
- ^ Bridwell, E. Nelson; Pasko, Martin (w), Dillin, Dick (p), McLaughlin, Frank (i). "Crisis on Earth-S!" Justice League of America, no. 136 (November 1976).
- ^ Bridwell, E. Nelson; Pasko, Martin (w), Dillin, Dick (p), McLaughlin, Frank (i). "Crisis in Tomorrow!" Justice League of America, no. 137 (December 1976).
- ^ McAvennie "1970s" in Dolan, p. 182: "Writer Gerry Conway and artist Dick Dillin crafted a tale of foul play aboard the JLA satellite, during the team's annual get-together with Earth-2's JSA. Mr. Terrific...was murdered before he could expose a turncoat among the heroes."
- ^ Conway, Gerry (w), Dillin, Dick (p), McLaughlin, Frank (i). "The Murderer Among Us: Crisis Above Earth-One!" Justice League of America, no. 171 (October 1979).
- ^ Conway, Gerry (w), Dillin, Dick (p), McLaughlin, Frank (i). "I Accuse..." Justice League of America, no. 172 (November 1979).
- ^ Thomas, Roy; Conway, Gerry (w), Patton, Chuck (p), Tanghal, Romeo (i). "Crisis in the Thunderbolt Dimension!" Justice League of America, no. 219 (October 1983).
- ^ Thomas, Roy (w), Patton, Chuck (p), Tanghal, Romeo; Marcos, Pablo (i). "The Doppelganger Gambit" Justice League of America, no. 220 (November 1983).
- ^ Levitz, Paul; Pasko, Martin (w), Dillin, Dick (p), McLaughlin, Frank (i). "Crisis in the 30th Century!" Justice League of America, no. 147 (October 1977).
- ^ Levitz, Paul; Pasko, Martin (w), Dillin, Dick (p), McLaughlin, Frank (i). "Crisis in Triplicate!" Justice League of America, no. 148 (November 1977).
- ^ Conway, Gerry (w), Dillin, Dick (p), McLaughlin, Frank (i). "Crisis on New Genesis or Where Have All the New Gods Gone?" Justice League of America, no. 183 (October 1980).
- ^ Conway, Gerry (w), Pérez, George (p), McLaughlin, Frank (i). "Crisis Between Two Earths or Apokolips Now!" Justice League of America, no. 184 (November 1980).
- ^ Conway, Gerry (w), Pérez, George (p), McLaughlin, Frank (i). "Crisis on Apokolips or Darkseid Rising!" Justice League of America, no. 185 (December 1980).
- ^ Conway, Gerry (w), Pérez, George (p), Beatty, John (i). "Targets on Two Worlds" Justice League of America, no. 195 (October 1981).
- ^ Conway, Gerry (w), Pérez, George (p), Tanghal, Romeo (i). "Countdown to Crisis!" Justice League of America, no. 196 (November 1981).
- ^ Conway, Gerry (w), Pollard, Keith; Pérez, George (p), Tanghal, Romeo (i). "Crisis in Limbo!" Justice League of America, no. 197 (December 1981).
- ^ Manning, Matthew K. "1980s" in Dolan, p. 198: "The Justice League of America teamed up with the Justice Society of America on a large-scale with 'Crisis on Earth-Prime', a five-part saga that crossed from the pages of Justice League of America into All-Star Squadron."
- ^ Conway, Gerry (w), Heck, Don (p), Tanghal, Romeo (i). "Crisis Times Three!" Justice League of America, no. 207 (October 1982).
- ^ Thomas, Roy (w), Gonzales, Adrian (p), Ordway, Jerry (i). "The Mystery Men of October!" All-Star Squadron, no. 14 (October 1982).
- ^ Conway, Gerry (w), Heck, Don (p), Trapani, Sal (i). "The Bomb-Blast Heard 'Round the World!" Justice League of America, no. 208 (November 1982).
- ^ Thomas, Roy (w), Gonzales, Adrian (p), Ordway, Jerry (i). "Master of Worlds and Time!" All-Star Squadron, no. 15 (November 1982).
- ^ Conway, Gerry (w), Heck, Don (p), Heck, Don (i). "Let Old Acquaintances Be Forgot..." Justice League of America, no. 209 (December 1982).
- ^ Manning "1980s" in Dolan, p. 203: The children of the original Justice Society of America made their smash debut in this issue by writer Roy Thomas and penciler Jerry Ordway...All-Star Squadron #25 marked the first appearances of future cult-favorite heroes Jade, Obsidian, Fury, Brainwave Jr., the Silver Scarab, Northwind, and Nuklon."
- ^ "Rich Buckler". Lambiek Comiclopedia. December 6, 2015. Archived from the original on December 24, 2015.
Buckler launched All-Star Squadron with Roy Thomas in 1981.
- ^ "Jerry Ordway". Lambiek Comiclopedia. August 27, 2010. Archived from the original on September 27, 2015.
His art credits include...All-Star Squadron.
- ^ "Todd McFarlane". Lambiek Comiclopedia. February 27, 2009. Archived from the original on October 3, 2015.
He then worked for DC for a while, pencilling titles like All-Star Squadron and Infinity, Inc. until 1987.
- ISBN 1-56389-434-3.
- ^ Thomas, Roy; Thomas, Dann (w), McFarlane, Todd (p), Montano, Steve (i). "Last Crisis on Earth-Two" Infinity, Inc., no. 19 (October 1985).
- ^ Conway, Gerry (w), Staton, Joe (p), Machlan, Mike (i). "The Final Crisis" Justice League of America, no. 244 (November 1985).
- ^ Manning "1980s" in Dolan, p. 221: "The world's first super-team saw its adventures come to a temporary end thanks to its biggest fan. Writer/editor Roy Thomas acknowledged that, after...the Crisis maxiseries, the JSA seemed no longer relevant."
- The Sandman, vol. 2, no. 26 (May 1991).
- ^ Thomas, Roy (w), Bair, Michael (p), Downs, Bob (i). "The Secret Origin of the Justice Society of America" Secret Origins, vol. 2, no. 31 (October 1988).
- ^ Jones, Gerard (w), Randall, Ron; Parobeck, Mike (p), Elliott, Randy (i). "Red Winter 5 Hard Ground" Justice League Europe, no. 49 (April 1993).
- ^ Jones, Gerard (w), Randall, Ron (p), Elliott, Randy (i). "Red Winter 6 The Ice Breaks" Justice League Europe, no. 50 (May 1993).
- ^ Aragona, Mike (June 1998). "In Conversation". Savage Enterprises Publishing. Archived from the original on August 18, 2013. Retrieved October 12, 2008.
- ^ Greenberger, Robert "Extant" in Dougall, p. 117
- ^ Manning "1990s" in Dolan, p. 287: "With a successful Starman revamp and acclaimed Elseworlds limited series The Golden Age already under his belt, Robinson had set the stage for his newest opus – the return of the Justice Society of America."
- ^ Manning "1990s" in Dolan, p. 288: "James Robinson left the title in the capable hands of [David] Goyer's new writing partner, Geoff Johns."
- ^ Johns, Geoff (w), Jimenez, Phil; Ordway, Jerry; Reis, Ivan (p), Lanning, Andy; Ordway, Jerry; Thibert, Art (i). "Faith" Infinite Crisis, no. 5 (April 2006).
- ^ Cowsill, Alan "2000s" in Dolan, p. 329: "Writer Geoff Johns and artist Dale Eaglesham relaunched the JSA, with Alex Ross providing covers for the series."
- ^ George, Richard (April 14, 2009). "DC Showcases New JSA Artist". IGN. Archived from the original on January 23, 2013.
- ^ Renaud, Jeffrey (January 19, 2009). "Talking JSA With Willingham & Sturges". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on December 27, 2013.
- ^ Rogers, Vaneta (December 26, 2008). "Willingham and Sturges Talk Justice Society of America". Newsarama. Archived from the original on December 27, 2013.
- ^ McElhatton, Greg (July 2, 2010). "Review: Justice League of America #46". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on January 2, 2014.
- ^ Renaud, Jeffrey (June 3, 2010). "Daybreak: Robinson's JLA/JSA Crossover". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on January 2, 2014.
- ^ Renaud, Jeffrey (July 14, 2010). "Guggenheim Takes Charge of the JSA". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on January 2, 2014.
- ^ Mahadeo, Kevin (December 10, 2010). "Guggenheim Builds a New Society". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on January 2, 2014. Retrieved April 11, 2011.
- ^ JSA All-Stars at the Grand Comics Database
- ^ JSA: All Stars at the Grand Comics Database
- ^ Johns, Geoff (w), Reis, Ivan (p), Albert, Oclair; Prado, Joe (i). "Power Levels: 100%" Blackest Night, no. 4 (December 2009).
- ^ Winick, Judd (w), Bennett, Joe (p), Jadson, Jack; José, Ruy (i). "Part: 13: Old Soldiers" Justice League: Generation Lost, no. 13 (Early January 2011).
- ^ Johnston, Rich (February 14, 2011). "DC Confirms Cancellations…". Bleeding Cool. Archived from the original on January 2, 2014.
- ^ Rogers, Vaneta (March 23, 2011). "Justice Society Gets New Characters, More Humor with #50". Newsarama. Archived from the original on August 6, 2014.
- ^ Flash #9 (October 2016)
- ^ Flash #21 (April 2017)
- ^ Flash #22 (May 2017)
- ^ Doomsday Clock #7 (November 2018). DC Comics.
- ^ Doomsday Clock #8 (December 2018). DC Comics.
- ^ Doomsday Clock #10 (May 2019). DC Comics.
- ^ Doomsday Clock #12 (December 2019). DC Comics.
- ^ Justice League Vol. 4 #30-36. DC Comics.
- ^ Hawkman Vol. 5 #26-29. DC Comics.
- ^ Dark Nights: Death Metal #2. DC Comics.
- ^ Dark Nights: Death Metal #5. DC Comics.
- ^ Dark Nights: Death Metal #7. DC Comics.
- ^ "The New Golden Age from DC Starts This November". DC. August 18, 2022. Retrieved October 14, 2022.
- ^ Justice Society of America Vol. 4 #1-5. DC Comics.
- ^ "1965 Alley Awards". Hahn Library Comic Book Awards Almanac. Archived from the original on July 10, 2014.
- ^ Kingdom Come #2-4. DC Comics.
- ^ Golden Age #1-4. DC Comics.
- ^ Kushins, Josh (January 12, 2012). "DC Comics in 2012–-Introducing the "Second Wave" of DC Comics The New 52". The Source. DC Comics. Archived from "second-wave"-of-dc-comics-the-new-52/ the original on January 15, 2012. Retrieved January 14, 2012.
- ^ Rogers, Vaneta (January 13, 2012). "Paul Levitz Explains More About Worlds' Finest, Earth 2". Newsarama. Archived from the original on January 16, 2012. Retrieved January 29, 2012.
- ^ Moore, Matt (June 1, 2012). "Green Lantern relaunched as brave, mighty and gay". Yahoo! News. Archived from the original on November 16, 2012.
- ^ Gerding, Stephen (May 17, 2013). "James Robinson Exits Earth 2, Leaves DC Comics". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on September 6, 2015.
- ^ Hawkman Vol. 5 #18. DC Comics.
- ^ Cronin, Brian (May 10, 2007). "Comic Book Urban Legends Revealed #102". Comic Book Resources. Archived from the original on April 18, 2015.
DC Comics publisher Paul Levitz had some concerns with the story. He felt the story as written disrespected the JSA and was overall an inappropriate use of the characters.
- ^ Pepose, David (October 9, 2010). "NYCC 2010: Young Justice Video Presentation & Q&A Live!". Newsarama. Archived from the original on January 3, 2014.
- ^ Goldman, Eric (October 19, 2009). "Exclusive: Two of Smallville's Justice Society". IGN. Archived from the original on February 19, 2014.
- ^ Bucksbaum, Sydney (July 23, 2016). "Comic-Con: Legends of Tomorrow to Tackle Legion of Doom Villain Team In Season 2". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on September 18, 2016.
- ^ Dyce, Andrew (July 30, 2016). "Legends of Tomorrow's Justice Society Will Be Set in The 1940s". Screen Rant. Archived from the original on September 18, 2016.
- ^ "CW's Stargirl Show Trailer Reveals What Happened to the Justice Society of America". Screen Rant. January 16, 2020.
- ^ Dyce, Andrew (November 23, 2019). "Black Adam Movie Will Introduce The Justice Society of America To The DCEU". Screen Rant. Retrieved November 23, 2019.
- ^ Earl, William (August 22, 2020). "'Black Adam' Will Introduce the Justice Society of America: Hawkman, Doctor Fate and More". Variety.
- ^ "Dwayne Johnson's 'BLACK ADAM' Confirmed to Introduce Hawkgirl". December 23, 2019.
- ^ "Dwayne Johnson's 'Black Adam' Reportedly Features Hawkgirl". December 23, 2019.
- ^ @TheRock (August 23, 2020). "@boybenzedrine @SevenBucksProd Hawk..." (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ @TheComixKid (October 12, 2022). "TheComixKid" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ "DC's Arrowverse Reportedly Prevented Black Adam Movie From Including Major Hero". October 13, 2022.
- ^ Shanklin, Corbin (May 21, 2020). "WB Considering JSA Spin-Off Film Based On Black Adam's Reception: Exclusive". The Illuminerdi. Retrieved May 24, 2020.
Further reading
- Thomas, Roy (December 2000). All-Star Companion Vol. 1. Raleigh, North Carolina: ISBN 978-1-893905-05-4.
- Thomas, Roy (November 2006). All-Star Companion Vol. 2. Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publishing. ISBN 978-1-893905-37-5.
- Thomas, Roy (October 2007). All-Star Companion Vol. 3. Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publishing. ISBN 978-1-893905-80-1.
- Thomas, Roy (July 2009). All-Star Companion Vol. 4. Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publishing. ISBN 978-1-60549-004-5.
External links
- Cosmic Teams: JSA Archived January 19, 2021, at the Wayback Machine
- DC Comics Database: Justice Society of America
- Fact File: The Justice Society of America of Earth-2: 1940–2010 Archived August 2, 2020, at the Wayback Machine
- Index of the Pre-Crisis Earth-Two adventures of the JSA
- Pre-Crisis Earth-2 JSA index at Mike's Amazing World of DC Comics