Karachi Agreement
Agreement Regarding the Establishment of a Cease-Fire Line in the State of Jammu and Kashmir | |
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Type | United Nations Commission for India and Pakistan |
Negotiators | Military representatives of India and Pakistan |
Signatories |
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Parties | |
Depositaries |
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Languages | English |
The Karachi Agreement of 1949 was signed by the military representatives of India and Pakistan, supervised by the
Background
The Security Council Resolution 39 of April 1948 established a UN Commission (
Agreement
The Karachi Agreement formally called the Agreement Between Military Representatives of India and Pakistan Regarding the Establishment of a Cease-Fire Line in the State of Jammu and Kashmir, was signed on 27 July 1949, supervised by the Truce Subcommittee of the UNCIP.[1]
The signatories were:
- Lt. Gen. S. M. Shrinagesh, on behalf of India
- Maj. Gen. W. J. Cawthorn, on behalf of Pakistan
- Hernando Samper and M. Delvoie, on behalf of the UNCIP.
The other members of the Indian delegation were Maj. Gen.
S. K. Sinha stated that the Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru briefed the Indian delegation before the Karachi meeting, wherein he informed them that the UN Resolution conceded the legality of Kashmir's accession to India and, so, any "no man's land" would belong to India. The Pakistani delegation would need to produce proof to the UN Commission of factual positions of their control for all the territory they claim. Sinha stated that, based on this principle, the agreement demarcated several hundred square miles of territory on the Indian side even though there were no Indian troops in that territory.[5]
The 830 kilometre long ceasefire line established in the agreement started from a southernmost point just west of the
From the map point NJ9842, it was said to run due north to the international boundary with China, at a distance of about 60–65 km. Since there were no troops in that area of inaccessible glacial terrain, no effort was made to extend the ceasefire line between NJ9842 and the China border. This area, of the Siachen Glacier, eventually became a bone of contention between India and Pakistan.[7]
Another anomaly arose at the southern end of the ceasefire line in
Map of the Agreement
Map of the State of Jammu and Kashmir showing the Cease Fire Line as Agreed Upon in the Karachi Agreement, Ratified by the Governments of India and Pakistan on 29 and 30 July Respectively. (See Annex 26 to the third Interim Report of the United Nation Commission for India and Pakistan)[9][10]
U.N. Map illustrating Cease Fire Line as per Karachi Agreement
The Karachi Agreement between India and Pakistan established a cease-fire line to be supervised by the military observers. These observers, under the command of the
See also
- NJ9842
- Simla Agreement
- United Nations Security Council Resolution 47
- Karachi Agreement (Azad Kashmir)
References
- ^ a b Wirsing, War or Peace on the Line of Control? 1998, p. 9.
- ^ Hilaire, United Nations Law and the Security Council 2005, pp. 29–30.
- ^ Bhattacharya, What Price Freedom 2013, pp. 151–152.
- ISBN 978-0-521-76361-5
- ^ Claude Arpi, The myths of wild roses and Pakistani presence in Siachen, Daily News and Analysis, 28 May 2012.
- ^ Wirsing, War or Peace on the Line of Control? 1998, pp. 9–10.
- ^ a b Wirsing, War or Peace on the Line of Control? 1998, p. 10.
- ^ "UN Map showing CFL - UN document number S/1430/Add.2" (PDF). Dag Digital Library. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
- ^ U.N. Commission for India and Pakistan: annexes to the interim report (PDF), Dag Digital Library - the United Nations, p. 83, archived from the original (PDF) on 18 January 2016, retrieved 3 June 2015
- ^ Treaty Series (PDF) (Volume 81 ed.), United Nations Treaty Collection, p. 274, retrieved 4 June 2015
- ^ Time U.N. observers left Kashmir: India
External links
- Complete text of the agreement
- Text of Agreement
- Full text of the Karachi Agreement, UN Peacemaker
- UN Map showing CFL as per Karachi Agreement - UN document number S/1430/Add.2, Dag Digital Library - the United Nations
- UN Commission for India and Pakistan: annexes to the interim report, Annex 26
- All peace agreement for India, UN Peacemaker
- All peace agreements for Pakistan, UN Peacemaker
Bibliography
- Bhattacharya, Brig. Samir (2013), NOTHING BUT!: Book Three: What Price Freedom, Partridge Publishing, ISBN 978-1-4828-1625-9
- John Cherian, Spotlight on Siachen, Frontline, 17 July 1999
- Hilaire, Max (2005), United Nations Law And the Security Council, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd, ISBN 9780754644897
- Wirsing, Robert (1998), War or Peace on the Line of Control? The India-Pakistan Dispute over Kashmir Turns Fifty, University of Durham, International Boundaries Research Unit, pp. 9–11, ISBN 1-897643-31-4
External links
- Karachi Agreement, United Nations Peacemaker website.