Anti-Indian sentiment

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about prejudice and discrimination against Indian people from South Asia. For prejudice and discrimination against native Canadian and American populations commonly referred to as "Indian", see Racism against Indigenous peoples in Canada and Racism against Native Americans in the United States.
"Indophobia" redirects here. For prejudice and discrimination against Indonesians, see Anti-Indonesian sentiment.
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Anti-Indian sentiment or anti-Indianism, also called Indophobia, refers to prejudice, collective hatred, and discrimination which is directed at

stereotypes of Indians
to justify their feelings or attitudes towards them.

Results of 2017 BBC World Service poll
Views of India's influence by country[3]
(sorted by net positive, Pos – Neg)
Country polled Pos. Neg. Neutral Pos – Neg
 Pakistan
11%
62%
27%
 -51
 Brazil
23%
57%
20%
 -34
 Germany
1%
33%
66%
 -32
 China
35%
56%
9%
 -21
 France
39%
53%
8%
 -14
 Spain
23%
35%
42%
 -12
 Turkey
32%
44%
24%
 -12
 Greece
19%
27%
54%
 -8
 Canada
41%
44%
15%
 -3
 Nigeria
47%
39%
14%
 +8
 Mexico
42%
33%
25%
 +9
 United States
49%
37%
14%
 +12
 Australia
49%
34%
17%
 +15
 United Kingdom
56%
38%
6%
 +18
 Kenya
48%
26%
26%
 +22
 Russia
41%
10%
49%
 +31
 Indonesia
50%
18%
32%
 +32

History

British India

The relationship between

Victoria era was discussed by American academic Thomas Trautmann who found that Indophobia had become a norm in the early-19th century British discourse on India as the result of a conscious agenda of evangelicalism and utilitarianism, especially by Charles Grant and James Mill.[4] Historians noted that during British rule in India, "evangelical influence drove British policy down a path that tended to minimize and denigrate the accomplishments of Indian civilization and to position itself as the negation of the earlier British Indomania that was nourished by belief in Indian wisdom."[5]

In Grant's highly controversial 1796 work Observations on the ... Asiatic subjects of Great Britain,

brutalization of women that plagued their own societies in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.[7]
This problem was further exacerbated by the lack of a nuanced understanding of the natives' religion and culture and the perception of Christianity being the one true faith, which was not only widely used to justify colonialism but also to legitimize forced conversions and brutalization of the masses - a phenomenon witnessed even today in parts of South Asia and Africa.

Arabic and Sanskrit works on medicine contain "medical doctrines which would disgrace an English Farrier – Astronomy, which would move laughter in girls at an English boarding school – History, abounding with kings thirty feet high reigns thirty thousand years long – and Geography made up of seas of treacle and seas of butter".[9]

One of the most influential historians of India during the British Empire,

Horace Hayman Wilson wrote that the tendency of Mill's work was "evil".[11] Mill claimed that both Indians and Chinese people are cowardly, unfeeling and mendacious. Both Mill and Grant attacked Orientalist scholarship that was too respectful of Indian culture: "It was unfortunate that a mind so pure, so warm in the pursuit of truth so devoted to oriental learning, as that of Sir William Jones, should have adopted the hypothesis of a high state of civilization in the principal countries of Asia."[12]Dadabhai Naoroji spoke against such anti-India sentiment.[13]

British media to justify continued British intervention in the Indian subcontinent.[14]

At the time,

Bangalore, far from the events.[15] A wave of anti-Indian vandalism accompanied the rebellion. When Delhi fell to the British, the city was ransacked, the palaces looted and the mosques desecrated in what has been called "a deliberate act of unnecessary vandalism".[16]

Despite the questionable authenticity of colonial accounts regarding the rebellion, the stereotype of the Indian "dark-skinned rapist" occurred frequently in English literature of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The idea of protecting British "female chastity" from the "lustful Indian male" had a significant influence on the British Raj's policies outlawing miscegenation between Europeans and Indians. While some restrictive policies were imposed on white women in India to "protect" them from miscegenation, most were directed against Indians.[17][18] For example, the 1883 Ilbert Bill, which would have granted Indian judges the right to judge offenders regardless of ethnicity, was opposed by many Anglo-Indian people on the grounds that Indian judges could not be trusted in cases alleging the rape of white women.[19]

Hitler's".[21][22]

South Asia

Pakistan

Further information: Islamization in Pakistan

According to

Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi.[25]

Two-Nation Theory and Partition of India

Main articles:
Two-Nation Theory and Partition of India
See also: India (Herodotus)

Some

Allama Iqbal,[27][28] which was supported by the All-India Muslim League and eventually culminated in the independence from British colonial rule of both India and of Pakistan in 1947.[29]

Violence at the time of the

CNN-IBN Pakistani cricketer and politician Imran Khan said in 2011: "I grew up hating India because I grew up in Lahore and there were massacres of 1947, so much bloodshed and anger. But as I started touring India, I got such love and friendship there that all this disappeared."[30]

Antagonizing of Hindus
Further information:
Persecution of Hindus in Pakistan

The

Two-Nation Theory is predicated on the belief that at the time of Partition, the Indian Subcontinent was not a nation and in its extreme interpretation, it postulates the belief that Indian Hindus and Indian Muslims constituted nations that cannot co-exist "in a harmonious relationship".[31][32][33][34]

According to Husain Haqqani, Pakistan faced multiple challenges to its survival after the partition. At the time Pakistan's secular leaders decided to use Islam as a rallying cry against perceived threats from predominantly Hindu India. Unsure of Pakistan's future, they deliberately promoted anti-Indian sentiment with "Islamic Pakistan" resisting a "Hindu India".[35]

According to Nasr, anti-Indian sentiments, coupled with

anti-Hindu prejudices have existed in Pakistan since its formation.[25] With the ascendancy of the Jamaat-e-Islami under Maududi, Indophobia increased in Pakistan.[25][36]

Commenting on Indophobia in Pakistan in 2009, former United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice termed the Pakistan-India relationship as shadowed by Indophobia.[37]

In his article "The future of Pakistan" published by Brookings Institution American South Asia expert Stephen P. Cohen describes the Pakistan-India relationship as a neverending spiral of sentiments against each other.[38]

Falsified narratives in school textbooks
Main article: Pakistani textbooks controversy

According to Sustainable Development Policy Institute since the 1970s Pakistani school textbooks have systematically inculcated hatred towards India and Hindus.[39][40] According to this report, "Associated with the insistence on the Ideology of Pakistan has been an essential component of hate against India and the Hindus. For the upholders of the Ideology of Pakistan, the existence of Pakistan is defined only in relation to Hindus hence the Hindus have to be painted as negatively as possible".[39]

A 2005 report by the National Commission for Justice and Peace, a nonprofit organization in Pakistan, found that Pakistan studies textbooks in Pakistan have been used to articulate the hatred that Pakistani policy-makers have attempted to inculcate towards the Hindus. "Vituperative animosities legitimize military and autocratic rule, nurturing a siege mentality. Pakistan Studies textbooks are an active site to represent India as a hostile neighbor", the report stated. "The story of Pakistan's past is intentionally written to be distinct from often in direct contrast with, interpretations of history found in India. From the government-issued textbooks, students are taught that Hindus are backward and superstitious." Further, the report stated "Textbooks reflect intentional obfuscation. Today's students, citizens of Pakistan and its future leaders are the victims of these blatant lies."[41]

Kashmir dispute and India–Pakistan conflict

Main articles: Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts and Kashmir conflict

India and Pakistan have had numerous military conflicts which have caused anti-Indian sentiment, with the Kashmir conflict being the most prominent and important one.[42][43][44]

In 1971 rising political discontent in

1971 Indo-Pakistani war that culminated in Pakistan's defeat and the secession of East Pakistan which then became Bangladesh. According to Ardeshir Cowasjee in West Pakistan the region's political and military leadership whipped up the anti-Indian sentiment with the slogan "crush India", in an attempt to convince the people that the only issue in East Pakistan was India's support of a secessionist movement.[45]

Writing for Middle East Research and Information Project the Pakistani nuclear scientist Pervez Hoodbhoy stated that anti-Indian sentiment is instilled in Pakistani soldiers early in their training at Cadet College Hasan Abdal and Cadet College Petaro. He also claimed that in order to prosper, Pakistan needed to overcome its hatred of India.[46]

Economic disparity has been also a reason for the negative sentiments by Pakistan against India. Following the capture of Ajmal Kasab, the surviving lone gunman in the November 2008 terror attacks in Mumbai planned by the Pakistan-based terrorist group Lashkar-e-Taiba, Kasab confessed that "We were told that our big brother India is so rich and we are dying of poverty and hunger. My father sells dahi wada in a stall in Lahore and we did not even get enough food to eat from his earnings. I was promised that once they knew that I was successful in my operation, they would give 150,000 rupees (around US$3,352), to my family".[47]

Bangladesh

Maulana Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani
.

The

Indo-Bangladeshi barrier has created rifts between the two countries.[48] Indophobia in Bangladesh is coupled with anti-Hindu sentiments, which has led to accusations of dual loyalty among Bangladeshi Hindu minority by Islamists and right-wing nationalists within the Bangladeshi Muslim majority.[49]

These sentiments rose rapidly during the tenure of Narendra Modi, leader of the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party. In 2019, the Modi government passed the Citizenship (Amendment) Act, easing the procedure for granting Indian citizenship to Bangladeshi Hindu immigrants, whom the BJP saw solely as refugees fleeing religious persecution. Previously Modi's Home Minister and BJP president Amit Shah had declared that passage of the CAA will be followed by a nationwide National Register of Citizens programme[50] to specifically identify and deport Bangladeshi Muslim immigrants (whom the BJP branded as 'infiltrators') on lines of the similar programme carried out in Assam, another Indian state which shares borders with Bangladesh and has seen multiple ethnic clashes (see Bongal Kheda and Assam movement) over uncontrolled immigration from Bangladesh. While campaigning during the 2019 general election, Shah raised the issue of demographic change in East and Northeast Indian states caused by infiltration of Bangladeshi Muslims and derogatorily called Bangladeshi Muslims as 'termites'.[51]

In the aftermath of the Modi government supporting the results of the

Indian involvement in suppressing mass protests against Sheikh Hasina's authoritarian
government.

Maldives

Anti-India sentiments in the Maldives rose when the "India Out" hashtag started to trend on Twitter in the Maldives on 26 July 2021, the Maldives' Independence Day. Anti-India sentiments dates back when

Mohammed Nasheed solicited Indian intervention.[55] According to Ahmed Azaan of the Maldivian online news organization Dhiyares, "...the "India Out" campaign is a call for the removal of the Indian military from the Maldives." Further, he tweeted that "..It is not a call to cut off diplomatic and trade relations with India" but the Maldives "should be able to forge ties with India without undermining our sovereignty."[55] On 2 July 2021, the country's ruling party, the Maldivian Democratic Party (MDP), released an official statement citing "concern over the ill-founded and disparaging remarks against Indian diplomats".[56] The MDP alleged that local news outlet Dhiyares and its co-founder and writer Ahmed Azaan, had been involved in a "continuous barrage of anti-India vitriol" that "appears to be a well-funded, well-orchestrated and pre-meditated political campaign with the express purpose of whipping up hatred against the Maldives' closest ally, India."[56]

Sri Lanka

See also: Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism § Myths

Anti-Indian prejudice may be caused by the island nation's bad experience with Invasions by Tamil Dynasties (such as the

LTTE[58] as well as massacres against Tamil Sri Lankan civilians committed by the Indian army denied by the Indians, such as the Jaffna hospital massacre.[59]

In the 10th century, during the defence against the invading

Hindu Tamils as a retaliation for invading Sri Lanka.[60]

Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War

See also:
Indian intervention in the Sri Lankan Civil War

Despite India's alliance with the Sri Lankan government during the

Tamils are associated with Indophobia and the Tamils were suspected of spying for the Indians. Indian traders and businessmen, patronized by the Tamil minority, have been shunned and attacked by the Sinhalese.[57]

During the 1950s, discriminatory measures taken by the Sri Lankan government targeted Indian traders (typically from the Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala), forcing the traders out of Sri Lanka. Following this, trade with India was deliberately scuttled, as was the sale of Indian magazines.[57]

The Indophobia of that era led the Sri Lankan government to go after the so-called Tamils of 'recent' Indian origin. These immigrant plantation workers were imported by the British more than a hundred years earlier and had already been stripped of citizenship by earlier legislation—the first Legislative Act of the newly independent country in 1948. Since then, these Tamils lived as 'stateless' persons and many returned to India.[57][61] The IPKF's involvement in Sri Lanka led to the rise of the anti-Indian

Patriotic People's Front.[62]

During the Black July, rioters targeted Indian Tamils. During one instance, the Sri Lankan Bus Employees brutally killed seven Tamils including six members of the Ramanathan family (father, young daughter, three sons, and their uncle) and their driver, some of whom were bludgeoned to death.[63]

East Asia

Myanmar

Anti-Indian sentiment against the Indians during the British Raj began to rise in Burma after the First World War ended[64] for a number of reasons. The country's ethnic Indian population was rapidly growing in Myanmar (almost half of Yangon's population was Indian by the Second World War[65]). The Indians played a prominent role in both the provincial government of Burma and the central government of India and as a result, they began to be targeted for persecution by Burmese nationalists. Racial animosity towards Indians because of their skin-color and appearance also played a role.[66] Meanwhile, the price of rice plummeted during the economic depression of the 1930s and the Chettiar from Tamil Nadu, who were prominent moneylenders in the rice belt, began to foreclose on land held by native Burmese.[66][67]

After Burma achieved Independence, Burmese law treated a large percentage of the Indian community as "resident aliens". Though many had long ties to Burma or were born there, they were not considered citizens under the 1982 Burma citizenship law which restricted citizenship for groups immigrating before 1823.[68]

After seizing power through a military coup in 1962, General Ne Win ordered a large-scale expulsion of Indians. Although many Indians had been living in Burma for generations and had integrated into Burmese society, they became a target for discrimination and oppression by the junta. This, along with a wholesale nationalization of private ventures in 1964, led to the emigration of over 300,000 ethnic Indians from Burma.[67] Indian-owned businesses were nationalized and their owners were given 175 kyat for their trip to India. This caused a significant deterioration in Indian-Burmese relations and the Indian government arranged ferries and aircraft to lift Burmese of Indian ethnicities out of Burma.[69]

Malaysia

On 28 June 1969, anti-Indian riots broke out in Sentul where Malays attacked and killed 15 Indians.[70]

In March 2001, a 9-day period of communal violence known as the 2001 Kampung Medan riots occurred between Indians and Malays cost the deaths of 6 people and injuring many more people. The severity of injuries ranges from head injuries to severed limbs. The riots no doubt caused anti-Indian feelings among Malays residing in Selangor and Klang Valley.

The novel

Indian caste system.[71]

On 26 November 2018, a riot was launched by several groups of people due to demolish purpose of 147-years-old Seafield Sri Mariamman Temple in Subang Jaya with the death of Malaysian firefighter, 24-years-old, Mohammad Adib Mohd Kassim erupted anti-Indian sentiment including several politicians.[72][73]

Singapore

In 2020, numbers of discrimination occurred towards migrant workers of Indian origin.[74] There are also a number of locals who passed racist comments about them on Facebook.[75] The rental property market in Singapore presents a vivid display of how many landlords discriminate against Indian-origin tenants and reject their applications upfront. Many listing websites also have listings with 'no Indians' requirements.[76]

South Korea

In South Korea, Indians endure prejudice in the form of racist remarks, exclusion from clubs and restaurants, and other forms of discrimination.[77]

Thailand

Indians face various forms of prejudices in the minds of many Thai people, including false stereotypes regarding poor hygiene. Such stereotypes have been documented by Indian journalist Prangthong Jitcharoenkul [78]

China

See also: Sino-Indian border dispute

Indian police officers dispatched to Hong Kong and Shanghai during the British colonial era were often discriminated against by local Chinese and were called "red-headed A'san" (红头阿三) because of the Sikh turban.[79]

Xenophobia during the COVID-19 pandemic

Chinese social media users are aggressive towards Indians,[80][81] and Chinese officials also use "Wolf warrior diplomacy" to mock the COVID-19 pandemic in India on Weibo.[82] A video that a Chinese ministry has posted on its official Weibo account showing Chinese dancers featuring blackface to depict Indians which draws sharp reaction from netizens in India.[83][84]

Africa

Kenya

Following the

1982 Kenyan coup d'état attempt to remove President Moi, many Indian shops and businesses in Nairobi were attacked and pillaged whilst a number of Indian women were said to have been raped by the rioters.[85]

South Africa

Further information: Indian South Africans

The first anti-Indian commotion that took place in South Africa was the Durban riots in 1949 which took place in South Africa's largest city Durban, where angry Black South Africans attacked and killed 142 Indians, destroyed and looted Indian property.[86]

Another anti-Indian riot took place again in Durban in 1985.[87]

The influential leader Mahatma Gandhi experienced anti-Indian racism when he was in South Africa, he was beaten up by a driver for travelling in first class coach.[88] The Indians were not allowed to walk on public footpaths in South Africa and Gandhi was kicked by a police officer out of the footpath onto the street without warning.[89]

In 2015, Phumlani Mfeka, a KwaZulu-Natal businessman and the spokesman for the radical Mazibuye African Forum tweeted "A good Indian is a dead Indian".[90][91][92] He published a letter in the city press claiming that South Africans of Indian origin have no right to citizenship and property in South Africa. Mfeka also claimed there is a "ticking time bomb of a deadly confrontation" between Africans and Indians in KwaZulu-Natal. The South African court barred him from making anti-Indian remarks in Nov 2015.[93]

In 2017, EFF leader Julius Malema stated during a rally in KwaZulu-Natal "They are ill-treating our people. They are worse than Afrikaners were. This is not an anti-Indian statement, it's the truth. Indians who own shops don't pay our people, but they give them food parcels", and accused local politicians of being in the pockets of Indian businesspeople.[94] Malema also said that the success of Indian businesses in the province was due to their strategies of exploitation and monopolisation of the economy.[95] Malema also referred to Indians in 2011 as 'coolies' (which is considered a strongly offensive pejorative term in contemporary South Africa).[96]

In 2021, South African Indians were largely targeted during the 2021 South African unrest. Many Indians in Phoenix, KwaZulu-Natal have armed themselves to fight rioters in absences of police forces. Police Minister Bheki Cele stated that the main motive behind the Phoenix riots was criminal and that racial issues were secondary. He confirmed that 20 people had died in the town in the unrest. He also warned people against falling for fake news designed to increase racial tensions.[97] The aftermath of the events saw influx of emigration of Indian communities from South Africa. The Beaver Canadian Immigration Consultants noted that immigration application for Indians has quadruple to 40 percent mainly from South Africa.[98]

Uganda

Expulsion of South Asians under Idi Amin

The most infamous case of Indophobia is the

South Asians (sometimes simply called "Asian") in Uganda by Idi Amin.[99] (see Expulsion of Asians from Uganda
)

The Indian immigrants maintained strict racial

Hindu
Indian expats.

According to H.H. Patel, many

stereotyping
.

Indophobia in Uganda also existed under Milton Obote, before Amin's rise. The 1968 Committee on "Africanisation in Commerce and Industry" in Uganda made far-reaching Indophobic proposals.[vague]

A system of work permits and trade licenses was introduced in 1969 to Indians'

discriminated against in all walks of life. After Amin came to power, he exploited these divisions to spread propaganda
against Indians.

Indians were stereotyped as "only traders" and thereby "

inbred
" to their profession. Indians were attacked as "dukawallas" (an occupational term that degenerated into an anti-Indian slur during Amin's time). They were stereotyped as "greedy, conniving", without racial identity or loyalty, but "always cheating, conspiring and plotting" to subvert Uganda.

Amin used this to justify a campaign of "de-Indianisation", eventually resulting in the

expulsion and ethnic cleansing of Uganda's Indian minority.[99] Some 80,000 were expelled, leading about 25,000 to settle in the United Kingdom.[100]

Zimbabwe

In the months before the Zimbabwean election, amongst widespread economic mismanagement by the Zimbabwean government, Zimbabwean president Emmerson Mnangagwa accused Zimbabwean Indians of hoarding basic goods, and threatened to seize their property.[101]

Pacific Islands

Fiji

In 2000, Anti-Indian riots broke out throughout Fiji amidst an attempted coup. Protesters attacked Indian shops.[102]

Tonga

During the 2006 Nukuʻalofa riots in Tonga, it was reported that dozens of Indian owned shops were being targeted by the rioters.

Western world

Contemporary Indophobia has risen in the western world, particularly in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and others, on account of millions of Indians immigrating to the West, the rise of the

Indian American community and the increase in offshoring of white-collar jobs to India by American multinational corporations.[103]

Australia

Further information: Violence against Indians in Australia controversy

In May and June 2009,

Indian diaspora, asked Australia to investigate the matters further.[104]

Some

ISPs and site operators.[107]

Canada

Anti-Asian animosity in the West was exacerbated in 1907 when riots against Chinese, Indian, and Japanese laborers in Bellingham, Washington, spread to Canada. Driven by bigotry and the dire status of the labor market, demonstrators flocked to Vancouver's streets, flooding them, attacking the targeted groups and demanding a "White Canada."[108]

As of 2024, there has been an uptick in anti-Indian sentiment in Canada directed against the influx of Indian international students. Indian international students in Canada state that they have witnessed discriminatory comments on social media from Canadians opposed to immigration. Between 2019 and 2022, hate crimes against South Asians increased by 143 percent in Canada.[109] Indian students also reported experiencing a spike in offline racism on the streets starting in 2023.[110] Dated 20 September 2023, India's foreign ministry issued the advisory on growing anti-India activities and politically condoned hate crimes and criminal violence in Canada.[111][112]

Germany

See also: Leipzig University internship controversy

In August 2007, a mob of over 50 persons attacked 8 Indians in Mügeln.[113][114][115][116]

In 2023, the German media outlet, Der Spiegel, published a cartoon representing India's population growth surpassing China's. It showed a cartoon of a clean Chinese electric train being surpassed by a dirty crowded smokey train. The cartoon was condemned by several Indian commentators deeming it as "racist" and "colonial."[117]

Poland

In 2022, an Indian man was racially abused by an

tourist in Poland who called him a parasite and accused him of "genociding our race".[118][119]

United Kingdom

During the mid-20th century, after India became independent from British rule, large waves of Indian migration to the UK occurred. Starting in the late 1960s, anti-Indian racism began to affect British Indians as they became victims of racist violence and other forms of racial discrimination at the hands supporters of far-right, anti-immigration and racist political parties such as the National Front (NF) and the British National Party (BNP).[120][121] This anti-Indian racism peaked during the 1970s and 1980s.[122][120][121] The Indian Workers' Association was one of many political organisations in the UK which helped to oppose racist attacks against Indians. In 1976 the Rock Against Racism political and cultural movement was formed as a reaction to racist attacks that were happening on the streets of the United Kingdom, many of them targeting British Indians.[123]

A notable example of anti-Indian sentiment in the UK is the 2007

Black community "because we've shared a religion and in many cases a language".[125]

United States

Chinese immigration and the cheap labor which it supplied, mostly for railroad construction in California and elsewhere on the West Coast.[126] In the common jargon of the day, ordinary workers, newspapers and politicians opposed immigration from Asia. The common desire to remove Asians from the workforce inspired the rise of the Asiatic Exclusion League. During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Indian immigrants, mostly Punjabi Sikhs, settled in California, and American anti-Asian sentiments expanded to encompass immigrants from the Indian subcontinent.[127][128][129]

Immigration from India to the United States became more frequent between 1907 and 1920 because of Canada's Immigration Act[130] in 1910 which restricted the number of Indians coming into the country. California was where most Indians migrated to and Indian immigrants had a negative stigma around them.[131]

Hatred of the Indians amongst Americans led to the

Bellingham riots in 1907. In the late-1980s in New Jersey, an anti-Indian hate group gang calling themselves the "Dotbusters" targeted, threatened and viciously beat Indians until they were in a coma and died or suffered brain damage.[132][133] The former President Richard Nixon was found voicing disparaging remarks on Indians in a newly declassified White House tapes citing Indians as the "most sexless", "nothing" and "pathetic". He further remarks about Indian women as the "Undoubtedly the most unattractive women in the world are the Indian women. Undoubtedly."[134][135]

Clash of Civilizations world view. Juluri identified numerous instances of bias and prejudice against Indians in US media, such as The New York Times and Foreign Policy[137] and attempts to erase and disparage the history of India in American school textbooks misrepresent the history of India during the California textbook controversy over Hindu history
with the final verdict to retain the term "India" in Californian textbooks and to remove the disparaging contents from textbooks.

Latin America and the Caribbean

Trinidad and Tobago

There is occasional anti-Indian discrimination amongst the locals of the

Caribbean islands especially Trinidad and Tobago.[138]

Guyana

Anti-Indian sentiments in Guyana sometimes become violent. Anti-Indian riots of Guyana saw the black population burn businesses belonging to the Indians, many Indians and Africans have lost their lives rioting.[139][140][141]

Incidents in mass media

Western media

The Western media often propagates stereotypes against India.[142][143][144][145]

BBC

Writing for the 2008 edition of the

South Asian geopolitics and economics shows pervasive Indophobic bias.[146]

In the journal of the

Sheikh Noor-u-din Noorani in Charari Sharief, and only retracted the claim after strong criticism.[147]

English journalist Christopher Booker has also criticized the BBC for its coverage of India-related matters. He concludes that the BBC's efforts to reinforce stereotypes of South Asians have been directly responsible for damaging the image of India and encouraging racist incidents against Indians, such as the Leipzig University internship controversy.[148]

The New York Times

The newspaper's India coverage has been heavily criticized by scholars such as

Hyde Act and other India-related matters.[149]

In 2010, the

Kumar P. Barve described a recent editorial on India as full of "blatant and unprofessional factual errors or omissions" having a "haughty, condescending, arrogant and patronizing" tone.[151]

In September 2014, the

Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) successfully placed a spacecraft into orbit around the planet Mars, thereby completing the Mars Orbiter Mission. CNN reported this as a "groundbreaking Mars mission", making India the first nation to arrive on its first attempt and the first Asian country to reach Mars.[152] A few days later, The New York Times published a cartoon on this event, showing a turban-wearing man with a cow knocking at the door of an "elite space club".[153] The Huffington Post said that the cartoon was in "poor taste" and "the racial, national and classist stereotyping is apparent".[154] The New York Times subsequently published an apology saying that a "large number of readers have complained" about the cartoon and that they "apologize to readers who were offended".[155]

In June 2016, The New York Times published an editorial opposing India's entry into the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG).[156] During this time, the US administration led by President Barack Obama was actively supporting India's membership.[157] The paper said the membership was "not merited" and that India had "fallen far short" in assuming responsibilities of a nuclear nation. This view was criticized by several western and Indian experts on nuclear issues. Ramesh Thakur, Director of the Centre for Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament at the Australian National University, said The New York Times is "frequently chauvinistic" and that the editorial "reflects a deliberate bias".[158] Alyssa Ayres, a senior fellow for South Asia at the Council on Foreign Relations, rebutted the editorial, saying "the small community of India-watchers in Washington read these words in disbelief" and the paper "should ground its arguments in an appraisal of the complete facts".[159]

In November 2017, The New York Times published an article by Asgar Qadri attacking the Indian

Hindu dress as "utter nonsense". Others criticized The New York Times for promoting colonial racist stereotypes, and pointed out that the sari is also popular in Muslim-majority countries like Bangladesh.[163][164]

Slumdog Millionaire

Main articles:
Controversial issues surrounding Slumdog Millionaire

The Indo-British film Slumdog Millionaire was the subject of many controversies[165][166][167] in terms of its title, its depiction of Indian slums and its language use. The film's title was consistently challenged for having the word "dog" in it.[168] A protest took place in Patna in which the sentence "I Am Not a Dog" was written on a signboard.[165] Activists stated that slum dwellers would continue to protest until the film's director deleted the word "dog" from the title.[169]

Co-director Loveleen Tandan was too criticized by producer Christian Colson. Colson defined her partnership with Danny Boyle as a mismatch. Colson noted that the title of "co-director (India)" given to Tandan was "strange but deserved" and was developed over "a Coca-Cola and a cup of tea" in order to identify her as "one of our key cultural bridges."[170] During the 2009 Oscar awards ceremony, Tandan was ignored, and all credit for the film was taken by Boyle.

Some filmmakers and actors from Bollywood were also critical of Slumdog Millionaire, including Aamir Khan,[171][172] Priyadarshan[173] and music director Aadesh Shrivastava.[174]

Pakistani media

Pakistani media commentators such as

Ghazwatul Hind, a battle where Muslims will conquer India and establish Sharia rule according to a Hadith.[176]

Talking to reporters after inaugurating an exhibition in

Nawa-i-Waqt, stated "freedom is the greatest blessing of the Almighty, Who may save us from the dominance of Hindus, as our sworn enemy India is bent upon destroying Pakistan. However, if it did not refrain from committing aggression against us, then Pakistan is destined to defeat India because our horses in the form of atomic bombs and missiles are far better than Indian 'donkeys'."[177]

Government involvement

Some of the anti-India propaganda is claimed to be driven by the Pakistani military.[178] In December 2010 many Pakistani newspapers published reports based on United States diplomatic cables leaks which portrayed India in a negative light.[179] The Guardian reported that none of the information reported by Pakistani media could be verified in its database of leaked cables.[180] Thereafter several newspapers apologized.[181] The fake cables were believed to have been planted by the Pakistani Inter-Services Intelligence.[179]

Notes

See also

References

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Further reading
Look up Indophobia in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anti-Indian_sentiment&oldid=1285884918"