List of Hindu texts
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Hinduism is an ancient religion, with denominations such as
Sruti are broadly considered as core scriptures of Hinduism, but beyond the Sruti, the list of scriptures vary by the scholar.[6]
Several lists include only the
Most of these texts exist in
Indic languages. In modern times, most have been translated into other Indian languages and some in Western languages.[12][13]
This list includes major Hindu texts, along with the Hindu scriptures.
A
- Achyuta Shataka: a Prakrit hymn by Vedanta Desika in praise of Krishna.
- Tamil scripture sung and written by Avvaiyar.
- Abhang devotional poetry requires authentication
- Agama: Collection of several Jain literatureand scriptures of Hindu devotional schools.
- Amrutanubhav: Composition by the Marathi saint and poet Jñāneśvar
- Aranyaka (आरण्यक): Part of the Vedas, the third layer embedded inside them.
- Arthashastra: Ancient treatise on statecraft, economic policy and military strategy written by Chanakya (Vishnugupta).
- Arya-Sidhanta: Work on astronomical computations, by ancient mathematicians Aryabhata, Varāhamihira, Brahmagupta and Bhāskara I.[14]
- Vaishnavite text and the primary scripture of Ayyavazhisect.
- Ashtavakra Gita: text of conversation between Ashtavakra and King Janaka.
B
- Baudhayana sutras: Vedic Sanskrit texts covering dharma, daily ritual, mathematics.
- epic poem Mahabharata, located in the Bhishma-Parva chapters 23–40. A core sacred text of Hinduism and philosophy.[15]
- Puranic texts of Hinduliterature, and is Sanskrit for "The Book of God".
- Bharude, Ovya: devotional poetry.
- Bhavarth Ramayan: Marathi version of the Ramayana written by Sant Eknathin the 16th century
- Bījagaṇita: Ancient Indian mathematics, algebra textbook by Indian mathematician Bhāskara II
- Brahmana: one of the parts into which the Vedas are divided, and are its second layer.
- Brahmasphuṭasiddhanta: written by ancient mathematician Brahmagupta in which hindu number system, zero, Brahmagupta's Bijganit, algebra with arithmetic is mentioned.
- Brahma Vaivarta Purana: Sankrit scripture, One of the 18 major Puranas.
- Brihat Samhita: An encyclopedic work by Varāhamihira on architecture, temples, planetary motions, eclipses, timekeeping, astrology, seasons, cloud formation, rainfall, agriculture, mathematics, gemology, perfumes and many other topics.
C
- Classics of Indian Mathematics: Algebra, with Arithmetic and Mensuration, from the Sanskrit of Brahmagupta and Bhāskara.
- Chanakyaniti: collection of aphorisms, said to be selected by Chanakya from the various shastras
- Chatuh Shloki: A Sanskrit hymn by Yamunacharya in praise of Lakshmi.
D
- Dasbodh: 16th century devotional and spiritual text by the saint Samarth Ramdas
- Dayashataka: A Sanskrit hymn by Vedanta Desika in praise of Venkateswara.
- Devi Bhagavata Purana: Religious scripture based on goddess.
- Dharmaśāstra: Sanskrit theological text.
- IAST:'Jñānēśvarī) is a commentary on the Bhagavad Gita written by the Marathi saint and poet Dnyaneshwarin the 13th century.
G
- Garga Samhita: Significant Vaishnavite scripture based on Radha Krishna and written by Sage Garga.
- Garuda Dandaka: A Sanskrit hymn by Vedanta Desika in praise of Garuda.
- Gita Govinda : Devotional poetry written by Jayadev Goswami, based on Radha Krishna.
- Gopalavimshati: A Sanskrit hymn by Vedanta Desika in praise of Krishna.
- Gunamala (Assamese: গুণমালা) is a scripture written by 15th–16th century Assamese polymath: a saint-scholar, poet, playwright, social-religious reformer Sankardev within one night at the request of Koch king Nara Narayan in 1552.
H
- .
- Haripath: is a collection of twenty-eight abhanga (poems) revealed to the thirteenth-century Marathi Saint, Dnyaneshwar.
I
- Itihasas – meaning history. In Hindu religious context this term refers to the Mahabharata and the Ramayanabecause writer of the story has themselves witnessed the stories of both epics.
K
- astronomical treatise written by Indian mathematician and astronomer Brahmaguptain 665 A.D.
- Srimanta Sankardev meant for community singing in the Ekasaranareligion.
- Kālidāsa.
L
- Lilavati: book on including maths and algebra written by Indian mathematician Bhāskara IIin 1150
- Lal kitab[citation needed]
M
- Malla Purana: An ancient text on Malla-yuddha, an ancient form of Indian combat wrestling, which describes techniques of wrestling, types of exercises etc.
- Kālidāsa.
- Mahatmyam: Hindu religious text, part of the Markandeya Purana
N
- Madhabdev in Assamesein about 1568–1596.
- Naalayira Divya Prabhandham (Tamil: நாலாயிர திவ்ய பிரபந்தம்) is a collection of 4,000 Tamil verses (Naalayira in Tamil means 'four thousand') composed before 8th century AD,[1] by the 12 Alvars, and was compiled in its present form by Nathamuni during the 9th – 10th centuries. The work is the beginning of the canonization of the 12 Vaishnava poet saints, and these hymns are still sung extensively even today. The works were lost before they were collected and organized in the form of an anthology by Nathamuni.
- Bharata Muni. It consists of 36 chapters with a cumulative total of 6000 poetic verses describing performance arts.
P
- Padma Purana: Sanskrit scripture, One of the 18 major Puranas.
- Paduka Sahasra: A Sanskrit hymn by Vedanta Desika in praise of the sandals of Rama.
- Purana(पुराण): Purana meaning "ancient" or "old" is the name of a genre (or a group of related genres) of Indian written literature (as distinct from oral literature). Its general themes are history, tradition and religion. It is usually written in the form of stories related by one person to another.
- Periya Puranam (பெரியபுராணம்): The Periya Puranam (Tamil: பெரிய புராணம்), that is, the great puranam or epic, sometimes called Tiruttontarpuranam ("Tiru-Thondar-Puranam", the Purana of the Holy Devotees), is a Tamil poetic account depicting the legendary lives of the sixty-three Nayanars, the canonical poets of Tamil Shaivism. It was compiled during the 12th century by Sekkizhar. It provides evidence of trade with South Indian. The Periya Puranam is part of the corpus of Shaiva canonical works.
- Lord Vishnu and a disciple of Guru Dattatreya. It is a sacred text for the Shri Vidya worshippers of Goddess Lalita Devi, who is considered to be a manifestation of the Divine Mother (Shakti), and the text is therefore used in the worship of Ganesha, Bala Tripurasundari, Raja Shyamala, Varahi as well. This text has its origins in the Dattatreya Samhita and is compiled by Sumedha, a disciple of Guru Dattatreya.
R
- Radha Tantra: One of the late Tantric scripture based on Radha Krishna.
- Kālidāsa
- Ramcharitmanas (रामचरितमानस): An Awadhi rendering of Ramayana by 16th century saint and poet Tulsidas.
S
- Samhita: one of the most important and first layer of Vedas. Also, some samhitas are independent.
- Sahasranama – a book containing a list of names of deities
- Kālidāsa
- Shiva Sutras of Vasugupta – a collection of seventy seven aphorisms that form the foundation of Kashmir Shaivism, attributed to the sage Vasugupta of the 9th century C.E.
- Siddhānta Śiromani : It is the major treatise of Indian mathematician Bhāskara II.
- Siddhitraya: A Sanskrit philosophical treatise by Yamunacharya on Vishishtadvaita.
- Smriti – Hindu scriptures other than the Vedas (e.g. the Itihasas, the Puranas)
- Sri Guru Charitra: Book based on the life story of Indian guru of Dattatreya tradition (sampradaya) Shri Narasimha Saraswati, written by the 15th-16th century poet Shri Saraswati Gangadhar
- Sri Gurulilamrut: Book of Dattatreya Guru and his avatars Sripadvallabh, Shri Narasimha Saraswati and Swami Samarth.
- Sri Navnath Bhaktisar: The "Navnath Bhaktisar" also known as the"Navnath pothi" narrates the Navnaths' births, their lives and deeds.
- .
- Stotra Ratna: A Sanskrit hymn by Yamunacharya in praise of Vishnu.
- Upanishads.
- Swara yoga: An ancient science of pranic body rhythms. It explores how prana can be controlled through the breath.
- Shilpa Shastrason Murti or Vigraha making (icon design).
T
- Tantras (तंत्र): The esoteric Hindu traditions of rituals and yoga. Tantra can be summarised as a family of voluntary rituals modeled on those of the Vedas, together with their attendant texts and lineages.
- Tirumurai– an important Tamil twelve volumes compendium that consists of Shaivite hymns.
- Manikkavacakar.
- Tirukovai – a Tamil Shaivite scripture sung by Manikkavacakar.
- Tevaram – An important Tamil Shaivite scripture and devotional poetry.
- Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam – a Tamil Shaivite scripture written by Paranjothi that describes the 64 divine plays of Shiva in Madurai as the spouse of the goddess Meenakshi.
- Tirukkural – an important Tamil scripture in Tamil Nadu written by Tamil poet and philosopher Thiruvalluvar.
- Tirumantiram – an important Tamil Shaivite work of religious poetry written by the siddhar-saint Tirumular.
- Thiruvarutpa – a Tamil Shaivite scripture written by the siddha-saint Ramalinga Swamigal.
- Tiruppugal – an important Tamil Shaivite scripture written by the siddhar-saint Arunagirinathar.
U
- scriptures which primarily discuss meditation and philosophy, called the "scriptures par excellence" of Hinduism.[16][17]
- Upaveda: minor Vedas.
- Upapurana: minor Puranas
V
- Vasishtha Samhita: Yoga text, one of the first to describe non-seated hatha yoga asanas ascribed to the sage Vasishtha.
- Śruti(that which is heard).
- Vedarthasamgraha: A Sanskrit treatise by Ramanuja on the philosophy of Vishishtadvaita.
- Venvaroha: Mathematical and astrological work by Mādhava (c.1350 – c.1425) of Sangamagrāma the founder of the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics.
- Vedanga: limbs of the Veda.
- Vachanamrut: (IAST: Vacanāmṛta, lit. "immortalising ambrosia in the form of words") is a sacred Hindu text consisting of 273 religious discourses delivered by Swaminarayan from 1819 to 1829 CE and is considered the principal theological text within the Swaminarayan Sampradaya. Compiled by five of his senior disciples, Swaminarayan edited and approved the scripture
Y
- Yadavabhyudaya: A Sanskrit epic poem by Vedanta Desika on the life and deeds of Krishna.
- darshanas of Hindu or Vedic schools and, alongside the Bhagavad Gita and Hatha Yoga Pradipika, are a milestone in the history of Yoga, compiled sometime between 500 BCE and 400 CE by the sage Patanjali
- . The book consists of around thirty thousand slokas as well as numerous short stories and anecdotes.
- Yoga Yajnavalkya (योगयाज्ञवल्क्य): a classical treatise on yoga traditionally attributed to sage Yajnavalkya.
- Jyesthadeva of the Kerala schoolof mathematics around 1530.
See also
References
- ^ Flood 1996, pp. 113, 154.
- ^ Michaels 2004, pp. 21–23.
- ISBN 978-8120832329, pages 38-39
- ISBN 978-1-136-85306-7.
- ISBN 9780857930736.
- ^ ISBN 978-0520207783, page ix-xi, xx-xxi
- ISBN 978-0679410782, pages 1-11 and Preface
- ISBN 978-3-447-02522-5
- ISBN 978-81-208-0264-3.
- ^ "Indian languages and the classical status".
- ^ "Why is Sanskrit so controversial?". BBC News. 12 August 2014.
- ISBN 0-87395-831-4
- ISBN 0-911206-15-9
- ^ "Arya-Sidhantha". Sankalp India FOundation.
- ^ Swarupananda, Swami (1909). "Foreword". Bhagavad Gita. Advaita Ashrama. pp. i–ii.
- ISBN 978-0195352429, page 3; Quote: "Even though theoretically the whole of vedic corpus is accepted as revealed truth [shruti], in reality it is the Upanishads that have continued to influence the life and thought of the various religious traditions that we have come to call Hindu. Upanishads are the scriptures par excellence of Hinduism".
- ISBN 978-0226618470, pages 2-3; Quote: "The Upanishads supply the basis of later Hindu philosophy; they alone of the Vedic corpus are widely known and quoted by most well-educated Hindus, and their central ideas have also become a part of the spiritual arsenal of rank-and-file Hindus."
- ^ Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda Vol III. 118–120; Vol. I. 6–7.
Bibliography
- Flood, Gavin D. (1996), An Introduction to Hinduism, Cambridge University Press
- Michaels, Axel (2004), Hinduism. Past and present, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press