List of Muisca and pre-Muisca sites
This is a list of Muisca and pre-Muisca archaeological sites; sites on the
periods.Over the course of the centuries and mainly in the 21st century, many sites with evidences of Muisca and pre-Muisca presence have been found and reported.[1][2][3][4][5]
The possibly oldest evidence of human settlement in the
Haplomastodon and turtles, which have been dated at 16,400 ± 420 years BP. Due to the location at an inundated platform, it is unclear if the bones and thus age were in situ.[6]
Background
Stage | Start age | End age |
---|---|---|
Prehistory | 10,000
| |
Preceramic | 10,000
|
2800
|
Herrera | 2800
|
1200
|
Muisca | 1200
|
479
|
Colonial period | 479
|
206
|
Colombia | 206
|
The Altiplano Cundiboyacense, with its valleys of Sogamoso-Duitama, Tunja and
Muisca, organised in a loose confederation; the Muisca Confederation
.
While various classifications of the archaeological history of the Andean high plateau exist,[7] the most commonly accepted sequence, in years BP, is shown to the right.
Timeline of inhabitation
Timeline of inhabitation of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Colombia | |
List of Muisca and pre-Muisca sites
Site name | Image | Municipality | Department | Start | End | Oldest date years BP |
Finds | Notes | Map |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
El Abra | Zipaquirá | Cundinamarca | Prehistory | Herrera | 12,560 | Rock art Stone tools |
[1] | ||
Tibitó | Tocancipá | Cundinamarca | Prehistory | Herrera | 11,850 | Stone & bone tools Carbon |
[1] | ||
Sueva | Junín | Cundinamarca | Prehistory | Herrera | 11,180 | Rock shelter | [1] | ||
Tequendama | Soacha | Cundinamarca | Prehistory | Spanish conquest | 11,120 | Stone tools Domestication of guinea pigs |
[1] | ||
Piedras del Tunjo | Facatativá | Cundinamarca | Prehistory or Preceramic |
Muisca | unknown | Rock art Stone tools |
[3] | ||
Galindo | Bojacá | Cundinamarca | Preceramic | Herrera | 8800 | Open area settlement | [1] | ||
Checua | Nemocón | Cundinamarca | Preceramic | Herrera | 8500 | Stone tools | [1][8] | ||
Nemocón | Cundinamarca | Preceramic | 7630 | Rock shelter Main salt producing town |
[1] | ||||
Piedra del Indio Chía I-VIII Moon Temple |
Chía | Cundinamarca | Preceramic | 5140 | Rock art Burial site Religious place |
[1][9] | |||
Zipaquirá | Cundinamarca | Preceramic | 5140 | Main salt producing town | [1][10] | ||||
Aguazuque | Soacha | Cundinamarca | Preceramic | Herrera | 4065 | deer
|
[1][11] | ||
Lake Herrera | Cundinamarca | Preceramic | Herrera | 3410 | Stone tools Ceramics |
[12] | |||
SO10-IX | Sativanorte | Boyacá | Preceramic | Preceramic | 3386 | Muisca mummy | [13] | ||
Zipacón | Cundinamarca | Preceramic | 3270 | Rock shelter Rock art Oldest agriculture |
[1] | ||||
El Infiernito | Villa de Leyva | Boyacá | Preceramic | Muisca | 2975 | Archaeoastronomical site Muisca mummy |
[14][15] | ||
Pasca | Cundinamarca | Herrera | 1400 | Muisca raft | [16] | ||||
Buenavista | Boyacá | Herrera | 1396 | Nose piece and pectoral dated at 620 & 990 AD |
[17] | ||||
Suesca | Cundinamarca | Muisca | 150 Muisca mummies Petrographs Ceramics |
[2][3][4] [5][14] |
|||||
Gachantivá | Boyacá | Muisca | Muisca mummy Muisca copper mines |
[18][19][14] | |||||
Gachancipá | Cundinamarca | Muisca | Muisca mummy | [14] | |||||
Ubaté | Cundinamarca | Muisca | Muisca mummy | [14] | |||||
Tenjo | Cundinamarca | Muisca | Petrographs | [2][3][4][5] | |||||
Tibacuy | Cundinamarca | Muisca | Petrographs | [2][3][4][5] | |||||
Berbeo | Boyacá | Muisca | Petroglyphs | [2][3][4][5] | |||||
Sáchica | Boyacá | Muisca | Petrographs | [2][3][4][5] | |||||
Ocetá Páramo | Monguí | Boyacá | Muisca | Petroglyphs Birth sites Myths |
[20] | ||||
Payará | Tausa | Cundinamarca | [21] | ||||||
Choachí | Cundinamarca | Muisca | Choachí Stone | [22] | |||||
La Calera | Cundinamarca | Muisca | Petrographs | [2][3][4][5] | |||||
Chipaque | Cundinamarca | Muisca | Petrographs | [2][3][4][5] | |||||
Cogua | Cundinamarca | Muisca | Petrographs | [2][3][4][5] | |||||
Cota | Cundinamarca | Muisca | Petrographs | [2][3][4][5] | |||||
Cucunubá | Cundinamarca | Muisca | Petrographs | [2][3][4][5] | |||||
Guachetá | Cundinamarca | Muisca | Petrographs | [2][3][4][5] | |||||
Guasca | Cundinamarca | Muisca | Petrographs | [2][3][4][5] | |||||
Guatavita | Cundinamarca | Muisca | Petrographs | [2][3][4][5] | |||||
Machetá | Cundinamarca | Muisca | Petrographs | [2][3][4][5] | |||||
Madrid
|
Cundinamarca | Muisca | Petrographs | [2][3][4][5] | |||||
Mosquera | Cundinamarca | Muisca | Petrographs | [2][3][4][5] | |||||
San Antonio del Tequendama |
Cundinamarca | Muisca | Petrographs | [2][3][4][5] | |||||
San Francisco | Cundinamarca | Muisca | Petrographs | [2][3][4][5] | |||||
Sibaté | Cundinamarca | Muisca | Petrographs | [2][3][4][5] | |||||
Subachoque | Cundinamarca | Muisca | Petrographs | [2][3][4][5] | |||||
Tena | Cundinamarca | Muisca | Petrographs | [2][3][4][5] | |||||
Tibiritá | Cundinamarca | Muisca | Petrographs | [2][3][4][5] | |||||
Tocancipá | Cundinamarca | Muisca | Petrographs | [2][3][4][5] | |||||
Une | Cundinamarca | Muisca | Petrographs | [2][3][4][5] | |||||
Bosa
|
Cundinamarca | Muisca | Petrographs | [2][3][4][5] | |||||
Usme | Cundinamarca | Muisca | Muisca mummy Petrographs |
[2][3][4] [5][14] |
|||||
Boavita | Boyacá | Muisca | Muisca mummy | [14] | |||||
Tasco | Boyacá | Muisca | Muisca mummy | [14] | |||||
Tópaga
|
Boyacá | Muisca | Muisca mummy | [14] | |||||
Gámeza | Boyacá | Muisca | Muisca mummy Petrographs |
[2][3][4] [5][14] |
|||||
Belén | Boyacá | Muisca | Petrographs | [2][3][4][5] | |||||
Iza | Boyacá | Muisca | Petrographs | [2][3][4][5] | |||||
Mongua | Boyacá | Muisca | Petrographs | [2][3][4][5] | |||||
Motavita | Boyacá | Muisca | Petrographs | [2][3][4][5] | |||||
Ramiriquí | Boyacá | Muisca | Petrographs | [2][3][4][5] | |||||
Saboyá | Boyacá | Muisca | Petrographs | [2][3][4][5] | |||||
Tibaná | Boyacá | Muisca | Petrographs | [2][3][4][5] | |||||
Sutamarchán | Boyacá | Muisca | Muisca ceramics production | [19] | |||||
Tinjacá | Boyacá | Muisca | Muisca ceramics production | [19] | |||||
Sun Temple | Sogamoso | Boyacá | Muisca | September 1537 | Most important Muisca temple | [23] | |||
Cojines del Zaque | Tunja | Boyacá | Muisca | Early colonial | Religious place | [24] | |||
Hunzahúa Well | Tunja | Boyacá | Muisca | Early colonial | Mythological place | [25] | |||
Goranchacha Temple | Tunja | Boyacá | Muisca | Early colonial | Temple of Goranchacha | [26] |
See also
- List of Muisca research institutes, archaeological sites in Colombia
- Muisca art
- Muisca Confederation, economy
- Lake Guatavita, Tota, Iguaque, Suesca, Fúquene, Siecha Lakes, Tequendama Falls
- List of Maya sites
References
- ^ ICANH
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai Muñoz Castiblanco, 2006, p.10
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj Martínez & Botiva, 2004a
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai López Estupiñán, 2011
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai Martínez & Botiva, 2004b, p.15
- ^ Aceituno & Rojas, 2012, p.128
- ^ N.N., s.a.
- ^ Groot de Mahecha, 1992, p.7
- ^ Muñoz Castiblanco, 2013
- ^ Groot de Mahecha, 2008
- ^ Correal Urrego, 1990
- ^ (in Spanish) Colombia Prehispánica - V. La Altiplanicie Cundiboyacense
- ^ Martínez et al., 2010
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Valverde, 2007, p.280
- ^ Silva Celis, 1981, p.12
- ^ (in Spanish) Official website Pasca
- ^ Martínez & Martínez, 2012
- ^ a b c Ocampo López, 2007
- ^ (in Spanish) Objeciones del páramo más lindo del mundo - Universidad Sergio Arboleda
- ^ Groot de Mahecha, 1992, p.5
- ^ Izquierdo Peña, 2009, p.87
- ^ (in Spanish) Temple of the Sun - Sogamoso - Pueblos Originarios
- ^ (in Spanish) Archaeology of the Cojines del Zaque Archived 2016-06-02 at the Wayback Machine - Banco de la República
- ^ (in Spanish) Hunzahúa Well - Pueblos Originarios
- ^ (in Spanish) Goranchacha - Pueblos Originarios
Bibliography
- Aceituno Bocanegra, Francisco Javier, and Sneider Rojas Mora. 2012. Del Paleoindio al Formativo: 10.000 años para la historia de la tecnología lítica en Colombia - From the Paleoindian to the Formative Stage: 10,000 years for the history of lithic technology in Colombia. Boletín de Antropología 28(43). 124-156. Accessed 2016-07-08.
- Cooke, Richard. 1998. Human settlement of Central America and northernmost South America (14,000-8000 BP). Quaternary International 49/50. 177-190. .
- Correal Urrego, Gonzalo. 1990. Aguazuque: Evidence of hunter-gatherers and growers on the high plains of the Eastern Ranges, 1-316. Banco de la República: Fundación de Investigaciones Arqueológicas Nacionales. Accessed 2016-07-08.
- Groot de Mahecha, Ana María. 2014 (2008). Sal y poder en el altiplano de Bogotá, 1537-1640, 1-174. Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
- Groot de Mahecha, Ana María. 1992. Checua: Una secuencia cultural entre 8500 y 3000 años antes del presente - Checua: a cultural sequence between 8500 and 3000 years before present, 1-95. Banco de la República. Accessed 2016-07-08.
- Université de Montréal. Accessed 2016-07-08.
- López Estupiñán, Laura. 2011. Topando piedras, sumercé. Narraciones en torno a las piedras de Iza y Gámeza, Boyacá, Colombia - Bumping into stones, mister. Tales around the stones of Iza and Gámeza, Boyacá, Colombia (M.A.). 2; Rupestreweb. Accessed 2016-07-08.
- Martínez Celis, Diego, and Álvaro Botiva Contreras. 2004a. Manual de arte rupestre de Cundinamarca - Manual of rock art of Cundinamarca, 1-60. ICANH.
- Martínez Celis, Diego, and Álvaro Botiva Contreras. 2004b. Introducción al arte rupestre, 1-28. ICANH.
- Martínez Martín, Abel Fernando, and Luz Martínez Santamaría. 2012. Sobre la momificación y los cuerpos momificados de los muiscas - On mummification and the mummified bodies of the Muisca. Revista Salud Historia Sanidad 1. 61-80. .
- Martínez Martín, Abel Fernando; Fernardo Francisco Meléndez, and Fred Gustavo Manrique. 2010. Bio-anthropology and paleopathology of the SO10-IX Muisca mummy from Sátivanorte, Boyacá, Colombia. Colombia Médica 41(2). 112-120. .
- Muñoz Castiblanco, Guillermo. 2013. Catalogación, registro sistemático y diagnóstico de las pinturas rupestres del Parque Arqueológico de Facatativá, 1-89. GIPRI.
- Muñoz Castiblanco, Guillermo. 2006. Pinturas rupestres en el Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Colombia - concentración y diversidad en la Sabana de Bogotá: Municipio de Suacha-Sibaté Cundinamarca - Rock paintings on the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, Colombia - concentration and diversity on the Bogotá savanna: municipality of Soacha-Sibaté, Cundinamarca, 1-22.
- Ocampo López, Javier. 2007. Grandes culturas indígenas de América - Great indigenous cultures of the Americas, 1–238. Plaza & Janes Editores Colombia S.A..
- Silva Celis, Eliécer. 1981. Investigaciones en Villa de Leiva, 1-18.
- Valverde, Alejandra. 2007. Prácticas funerarias desde la arqueología: El caso de las momias de la Sierra Nevada del Cocuy - Funerary practices in archaeology: The study of Sierra Nevada del Cocuy's mummies, Colombia. Antípoda 5. 275-291. .
- N, N. s.a.. Cronologías de la región Muisca, 1-5. University of Pittsburgh. Accessed 2016-07-08.
Further reading
- Cardale de Schrimpff, Marianne. 1985. En busca de los primeros agricultores del Altiplano Cundiboyacense - Searching for the first farmers of the Altiplano Cundiboyacense, 99–125. Banco de la República. Accessed 2016-07-08.
- Paepe, Paul de, and Marianne Cardale de Schrimpff. 1990. Resultados de un estudio petrológico de cerámicas del Periodo Herrera provenientes de la Sabana de Bogotá y sus implicaciones arqueológicas - Results of a petrological study of ceramics form the Herrera Period coming from the Bogotá savanna and its archaeological implications. Boletín Museo del Oro _. 99-119. Accessed 2016-07-08.
- Rodríguez, José Vicente. 2005. De la sabana a la selva - Un yacimiento formativo ritual en el entorno de la antigua laguna de La Herrera, Madrid, Cundinamarca - From the savanna to the jungle - a ritual formative site in the surroundings of the ancient Lake Herrera, Madrid. Maguaré 19. 103-131. Accessed 2016-07-08.