Lozenge (shape)
◊ | |
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Lozenge | |
In Unicode | U+25CA ◊ LOZENGE (◊, ◊) |
Related | |
See also | U+2311 ⌑ SQUARE LOZENGE U+29EB ⧫ BLACK LOZENGE U+25C8 ◈ WHITE DIAMOND CONTAINING BLACK SMALL DIAMOND |
A lozenge (
Symbolism
The lozenge motif dates from the
The lozenge symbolism is one of the main symbols for women in
In 1658, the English philosopher
Lozenges appear as
Applications
This section needs additional citations for verification. (November 2020) |
Calculator
On equipment, especially calculators, the lozenge is used to mark the subtotal key. It is standardized in ISO 7000
Computing
The APL programming language uses the lozenge, called diamond, as statement separator.
Camouflage
During the First World War, the Germans developed lozenge camouflage (German: Lozenge-Tarnung).[9] This camouflage was made up of colored polygons of four or five colors. The repeating patterns often used irregular four-, five- and six-sided polygons, but some contained regular rhombi or hexagons. Because painting such a pattern was very time-consuming, and the paint added considerably to the weight of the aircraft, the pattern was printed on fabric. This pre-printed fabric was used from 1916 until the end of the war, in various forms and colours.
Flags and emblems
Several flags feature lozenges, including the Flag of Brazil, which contains a yellow lozenge at the center. One official flag of Bavaria is entirely made of blue and white lozenges.
Several emblems feature lozenges, including the Emblem of Uttarakhand, one of the twenty-eight states of India.
Heraldry
The lozenge in heraldry is a diamond-shaped charge, usually somewhat narrower than it is tall. A mascle is a voided lozenge—that is, a lozenge with a lozenge-shaped hole in the middle—and the rarer rustre is a lozenge containing a circular hole. A field covered in a pattern of lozenges is described as lozengy; a similar field of mascles is masculy.
Mathematics
In
Medicine
Cough tablets have taken the name lozenge, based on their original shape. According to the Oxford English Dictionary the first use of this sense was in 1530.
In Finland, the lozenge is associated with
Military insignia
Finland
In Finnish military ranks, the lozenge is found in the insignia of conscript officer students (one lozenge) and conscript officer candidates (two lozenges).
United States
To implement 10 U.S.C 773, the Secretary of the Navy has prescribed the following distinctive mark for wear by members of military societies which are composed entirely of honorably discharged officers and enlisted personnel, or by the instructors and members of duly organized cadet corps.
"The distinctive mark will be a diamond, 3+1⁄2 inches long by 2 inches wide, of any cloth material. A white distinctive mark will be worn on blue, green, or khaki clothing; and a blue distinctive mark will be worn on white clothing."[citation needed]
"The distinctive mark will be worn on all outer clothing on the right sleeve, at the point of the shoulder, the upper tip of the diamond to be 1⁄4 inch below the shoulder seam."[citation needed]
The lozenge is used in the
Modal logic
In modal logic, the lozenge expresses that there is "possibility". For example, the expression expresses that it is possible that is true.
Traffic signs
The lozenge (technically a mascle) can be used on public roadways in the United States and Canada to mark a specific lane for a particular use. The lane will usually be painted with a lozenge at a regular interval, and signage will be installed to indicate the restrictions on using the lane. This marking is most often used to denote high-occupancy vehicle lanes or bus lanes, with accompanying signage reading "◊ HOV LANE" or "◊ BUS LANE" and giving the requirements for a vehicle to be accepted. Prior to 17 January 2006, lozenges could also be used to mark bicycle-only lanes, often in conjunction with a bicycle icon.[10]
In Japan and South Korea, a lozenge marked in white paint on the road indicates an upcoming uncontrolled pedestrian crossing. Similarly, in New Zealand a lozenge marked in white paint on the road may be placed to indicate an upcoming pedestrian crossing. [11]
In the United Kingdom, lozenges are used on tramway signs. For instance, speed limits are shown as a black lozenge on a white background, containing the speed limit in kilometres per hour.[12]
In many parts of Europe, traffic from the right has right of way at all junctions, unless otherwise stipulated. A yellow lozenge is used (typically on major routes) to indicate that the rule does not apply to the current route.
A hollow lozenge is also used in the signage of waterways[where?] to identify a hazard. A cross is placed in the lozenge, dividing it in four, to mark a restricted area.[13]
Square lozenge (Pillow symbol)
A similar shape, ⌑, with concavely curved edges instead of straight lines and oriented such that its edges lie up, down, left and right, is defined in the Miscellaneous Technical Unicode block as a square lozenge. It is used in travel agencies, where it appears on the specialist keyboards used with booking terminals, where it has the familiar name, the pillow symbol.[14] In the 1960s, it was used in banking and for other purposes.[8]
Encodings
In Unicode, the lozenge is encoded in multiple variants:
- U+22C4 ⋄ DIAMOND OPERATOR (⋄, ⋄, ⋄)
- U+25CA ◊ LOZENGE (◊, ◊)[15]
- U+2662 ♢ WHITE DIAMOND SUIT[a]
- U+2666 ♦
- U+27E0 ⟠ LOZENGE DIVIDED BY HORIZONTAL RULE
- U+27E1 ⟡ WHITE CONCAVE-SIDED DIAMOND
- U+29EB ⧫ BLACK LOZENGE (⧫, ⧫)
- U+2B27 ⬧ BLACK MEDIUM LOZENGE
- U+2B28 ⬨ WHITE MEDIUM LOZENGE
- U+2B2A ⬪ BLACK SMALL LOZENGE
- U+2B2B ⬫ WHITE SMALL LOZENGE
- U+25C6 ◆ BLACK DIAMOND
- U+25C7 ◇ WHITE DIAMOND
- U+2756 ❖ BLACK DIAMOND MINUS WHITE X
- U+20DF ⃟ COMBINING ENCLOSING DIAMOND
The lozenge is present in
\lozenge
().
Other related unicode characters include:
- U+2311 ⌑ SQUARE LOZENGE
- U+2726 ✦ BLACK FOUR POINTED STAR
- U+2727 ✧ WHITE FOUR POINTED STAR
In IBM 026 punched card code the pillow-shaped square "lozenge" ⌑ is (12-8-4).[17][8]
Imagery
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Lozenge
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Phrygian art, 7th Century BC
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Cucuteni-Trypillian figurine with sown field pattern
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British Bronze Age
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Hindu Star of Lakshmi
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Muslim Rub el Hizb
-
amulets
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Traditional sown field pattern of Western Ukraine
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Armenian tapestry
-
In Ecclesiastical heraldry lozenge shape is reserved for women
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Philippine Air Force roundel
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Mitsubishi logo
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Renault logo
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SV Werder Bremen crest
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National flag of Belarus with sown field pattern
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National flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
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Lozenge-shaped coat of arms is reserved for women
-
Ace of diamonds
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Diamond vault in German architecture
-
Rune-shaped designs (five-lozenges cross and heart) on the gable of Ledringhem's church
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Sown fields in anopen field systemof farming
See also
- Parallelepiped, 3-D Lozenge
- Petrosomatoglyph, lozenges as symbols in prehistory
Notes
References
- ^ "lozenge". Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners.
- ^ "Lozenge - from Wolfram MathWorld". Mathworld.wolfram.com. 2015-07-22. Retrieved 2015-08-11.
- ISBN 1-85973-282-8.
- ISBN 0924171189.
- ISBN 978-2-86770-184-9.
- ISBN 0262631539.
- ^ ISO 7000 - Graphical symbols for use on equipment
- ^ (PDF) from the original on May 26, 2016. Retrieved August 25, 2019.
- ^ "German Lozenge Camoflage". Wwiaviation.com. Archived from the original on 6 March 2016. Retrieved 2015-08-11.
- ^ "Introduction - MUTCD 2009 Edition - FHWA". United States Department of Transportation. Retrieved 2018-05-20.
- NZ Transport Agency. Retrieved 2022-07-08.
- ^ "Know Your Traffic Signs" (PDF). Department for Transport. 2007. Retrieved 2018-05-20.
- ^ "Aids to Navigation Explained". marine-movers.com. Archived from the original on 2017-07-27.
- ^ Apollo for Travel Professionals (PDF). Galileo International LLC). 2007. p. 1.4. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
- ^ "Geometric Shapes" (PDF). Unicode.org. Retrieved 2015-08-11.
- ISBN 952-90-1220-9.
- ^ "The IBM 026 Key Punch". Columbia University. 2003-12-31. Retrieved 2018-05-20.
External links
- The dictionary definition of lozenge at Wiktionary