Manado

Manado
City
City of Manado Kota Manado
Panoramic view of Manado during sunset Kalasey Beach Manado Town Square Sukarno Bridge
UTC+8 (ICST)
Area code	+62 431
Vehicle registration	DB
Website	ManadoKota.go.id

Manado (Indonesian pronunciation: [maˈnado], Tombulu: Wenang) is the capital city of the Indonesian province of North Sulawesi. It is the second largest city in Sulawesi after Makassar, with the 2020 census giving a population of 451,916,^[2] and the official estimates for mid 2023 showing 458,582 inhabitants (229,982 males and 228,600 females),^[1] distributed over a land area of 157.26 km².^[1] The Manado metropolitan area had a population of 1,377,815 as of mid 2023.^[1] The city is situated on the Bay of Manado, and is surrounded by a mountainous area.^[3]

Manado is among Indonesia's top-five tourism priorities^[4] and Bunaken National Park is one of the city's most famous tourist attractions. Tunan Waterfall in Talawaan village and Mount Tumpa are some of the many attractions for visitors who like to take Manado city tour especially to natural places. The city is served by Sam Ratulangi International Airport, which connects Manado with various domestic destinations, as well as international destinations in East Asia and Southeast Asia. The city is also known for its Christian-majority population, and holds the country's biggest Christmas celebration annually. It is also recognised as one of the most tolerant and peaceful cities in Indonesia.^[5]

Etymology

The name Manado is derived from the Sangir language word manaro, meaning 'on the far coast' or 'in the distance', and originally referred to the further of two islands which can be seen from the mainland. When the settlement on this island was relocated to the mainland, the name Manado was brought with it, after which the island itself became referred to as Manado Tua (Old Manado).^[6] The name for Manado in the Sangir language is Manaro.

History

The first mention of Manado comes from a world map by French cartographer

Meanwhile, the Spanish had already set themselves up in the Philippines and Minahasa was used to plant coffee because of its rich soil. Manado was further developed by Spain as a centre of commerce for the Chinese traders who traded the coffee in China. With the help of native allies, the Spanish took over the Portuguese fortress in Amurang in the 1550s, and Spanish settlers also established a fort at Manado, so that eventually, Spain controlled all of the Minahasa. It was in Manado where one of the first Indo-Eurasian (Mestizo) communities in the archipelago developed during the 16th century.^[7] The first King of Manado (1630) named Muntu Untu was in fact the son of a Spanish Mestizo.^[8]

Spain renounced its possessions in Minahasa by means of a treaty with the Portuguese in return for a payment of 350,000 ducats.^[9] Minahasan natives made an alliance treaty with the Dutch, and expelled the last of the Portuguese from Manado a few years later.

The

In 1919, the Apostolic Prefecture of Celebes was established in the

The Japanese captured Manado in the Battle of Manado in January 1942.^[10] The city was heavily damaged by Allied bombing during World War II.

In 1958, the headquarters of the rebel movement Permesta was moved to Manado. When Permesta confronted the central government with demands for political, economic and regional reform, Jakarta responded by bombing the city in February 1958, and then invading in June 1958.

In 1962, the People's Representative Council declared Manado as the official capital city of North Sulawesi Province.

Geography

Manado has a

Administrative districts

The

Notes:
(a) the 2010 population of Paal Dua District is included in the figure for Tikala District, from which it was cut out in 2013.
(b) including the small offshore islands of Pulau Bunaken, Pulau Siladen, and Pulau Manado Tua.
(c) the 2010 population of Bunaken Kepulauan District is included in the figure for Bunaken District, from which it was cut out in 2013.

The boundaries of Manado city are as follows:

• East = Minahasa Regency
• North = North Minahasa Regency
• South = Minahasa Regency
• West = Celebes Sea

Demographics

Ethnicity and languages

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Currently, the majority of Manado

Manado Malay is the main language spoken in Manado. It is a Malay-based creole. Some of the loan words in the Minahasan vernacular are derived from Dutch, Portuguese, and other foreign languages. There are many words in Manado Malay comes from foreign language.

Religion

• 
  Indonesia Pentecostal Church in Manado
• 
  St. Mary of the Sacred Heart Parish Cathredal, Manado
• 
  Manado Great Mosque
• 
  Ban Hin Kiong Temple

Transportation

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Sam Ratulangi International Airport of Manado is one of the main ports of entry to Indonesia. In 2005, more than 15,000 international passengers entered Indonesia via Manada airport, connected with other cities like Jakarta, Surabaya and Makassar etc.

Other public transportation in Manado are:

1. Local minibuses known as "Mikrolet"
2. Perum DAMRI buses serving airport to Manado
3. Other buses serving Manado to other cities in North Sulawesi as well as other cities in the island of Sulawesi

Manado–Bitung Toll Road connects the city with Bitung. Terminal Malalayang, or Malalayang Bus Terminal serves as the main gateway for long-distance buses in Manado.

Main sights

Panoramic view of Manado

Manado is home to some of the biggest and most influential churches in the province, with many of them located along the iconic Sam Ratulangi Street.^[21]

Tourism

• Ban Hin Kiong Temple is the oldest temple in the city of Manado, which was established in 1819. It is also a popular tourism spot in the city, especially during the Chinese New Year celebration.
• Citraland, a wealthy suburb of Manado, is home to Asia's second tallest and the world's fourth tallest statue of Christ (Christ Blessing Statue), and perhaps the world's first statue in the flying posture.^[22]
• Manado Boulevard Carnaval (MBC) is a fashion carnival annually every 16 July, aligned with Manado City Birthday.^[23]
• Other places of interest include nearby Lake Tondano, Lake Linow,^[24] Lokon Volcano, Klabat Volcano and Mahawu Volcano, Bukit Kasih (hill of love), and Watu Pinabetengan.
• snorkelling are practised in the nearby Bunaken National Park, including the island of Bunaken.^[25][26][27]
• Several shopping malls in the city are: Manado Town Square, Star Square, and Grand Kawanua City

Food typical of Manado include

, pork (a pig is cooked rotating over embers, usually served at parties), and babi putar (made from pork mixed with Manado spices, rolled and burned in bamboo).

There is also a typical drink from the area of Manado and its surroundings are saguer which is a kind of wine or palm wine derived from enau / aren tree (Arenga pinnata), which is then fermented. Saguer is a cap tikus (spirits with an average of 40% alcohol content). The exact amount of alcohol depends on the technique of distillation, which varies among different Minahasa villages).

lemongrass. Rub main ingredients (chicken or fish) with salt and lime juices, and marinate for 30 minutes. All spices are cooked in coconut oil

until the aroma came up and mixed together with the main ingredients, water, and a pinch of salt, well until all cooked well.

Other typical food of Manado city which is also quite famous is nasi kuning which taste and looks different from yellow rice in other area because it is spiked with abon of cakalang rica fish and presented in a parcel using sugar palm leaves. There is also grilled fish roasted head. Dabu-dabu is a very popular typical Manado sauce, made from a mixture of red chilies, cayenne pepper, sliced red onion, and freshly diced tomatoes, and finally given a mixture of soy sauce.

Sister cities

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• Bristol, United Kingdom
• Cebu, Philippines
• Davao, Philippines
• Eindhoven, Netherlands
• Koror, Palau
• Liverpool, United Kingdom
• Qingdao, China
• San Sebastian, Spain
• Zamboanga City, Philippines

Language

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The local language spoken in Manado and the surrounding area is a creole of the Malay language called Manado Malay. It exhibits significant influence of Portuguese, Spanish and Dutch, for example:

• "But" in Indonesian is "tapi", in Manado it is called "mar" (maar- Dutch word for but).
• Chair in Indonesian is "kursi", in Minahasa it is called "kadera" (cadeira - Portuguese for chair).
• Horse in Indonesian is "kuda", a word of Sanskrit origin. In the town of Tomohon, a horse is called "kafalio" ("cavalo" - Portuguese, "caballo" - Spanish).

While there is not much known about the origin of ideogramatical Minahasa writing system, currently the orthography used for indigenous Minahasan languages closely matches that used for Indonesian.

Notable people

• Adrianus Taroreh (1966–2013), boxer; competed in the men's lightweight event at the 1988 Summer Olympics
• Alexander Andries Maramis (1897–1977), politician; national hero of Indonesia
• Arthur Frets Assa (born 1984), former footballer^[28]
• Audrey Vanessa Susilo (born 1999), Miss Indonesia 2022 winner
• Bahar bin Smith (born 1985), Islamist scholar, sayyid and preacher (da'i)
• Benny Dollo (1950–2023), football coach; former head coach of Indonesia national football team
• Daan Mogot (1928–1946), military officer; involved in the Indonesian National Revolution
• Firman Utina (born 1981), footballer; former captain of Indonesia national football team
• Greysia Polii (born 1987), badminton player; gold medalist at the 2020 Summer Olympics
• Henk Ngantung (1927–1991), painter and politician; governor of Jakarta (1964–1965)
• national hero of Indonesia
• Kezia Warouw (born 1991), Puteri Indonesia 2016 winner
• Kristania Virginia Besouw (born 1985), Miss Indonesia 2006 winner
• Liliyana Natsir (born 1985), badminton player; gold medalist at the 2016 Summer Olympics
• Monica Khonado (born 1996), Miss Earth Indonesia 2020 winner
• Robert Wolter Mongisidi (1925–1949), national hero of Indonesia; involved in the Indonesian National Revolution
• public intellectual
• Yaakov Baruch (born 1982), rabbi of Sha'ar Hashamayim Synagogue (Tondano)

See also

• List of regencies and cities of Indonesia

References

1. ^ ^{a b c d e} Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, Kota Manado Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.7171)
2. ^ ^{a b} Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.
3. ^ "In the shadows of volcanoes: Manado Bay and its harbour". Archived from the original on 10 January 2011. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
4. ^ Kusumawardhani, Amanda (21 November 2019). "Kembangkan 5 Destinasi Prioritas, Jokowi Tekankan Soal Kebersihan". Ekonomi.
5. ^ Onker, Michelle de. "Wali Kota Kaget Manado Jadi Kota Paling Toleran di Indonesia". detiknews (in Indonesian). Retrieved 23 March 2023.
6. ISSN 0006-2294
   .
7. ^ Wahr, C.R. Minahasa (history) Website Archived 24 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
8. ^ Wahr, C. R. Minahasa (history) Website Archived 21 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine
9. ^ Milburn, William (1813). Oriental commerce: containing a geographical description of the principal places in the East Indies, China, and Japan, with their produce, manufactures, and trade. New York: Black, Parry & Co. pp. 406.
10. ^ L, Klemen (1999–2000). "The Fall of Menado, January 1942". Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942.
11. ^
    Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure. Retrieved 29 July 2017.^{[permanent dead link}
    ]
12. ^
    Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure. Retrieved 29 July 2017.^{[permanent dead link}
    ]
13. Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure. Archived from the original
    on 17 October 2017. Retrieved 29 July 2017.
14. Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure. Retrieved 29 July 2017.^{[permanent dead link}
    ]
15. Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure
    . Retrieved 29 July 2017.
16. Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure
    . Retrieved 8 June 2016.
17. ^ Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.
18. ^ Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2023, Kota Manado Dalam Angka 2023 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.7171)
19. ^ ^{a b} "Visualisasi Data Kependuduakan - Kementerian Dalam Negeri 2020" (visual). www.dukcapil.kemendagri.go.id. Retrieved 16 February 2021.
20. ^ Brieger, Peter; Buol, Ronny. "On remote island in Muslim-majority Indonesia, Jewish community lives in shadows". www.timesofisrael.com. Retrieved 23 March 2023.
21. ^ "Great Churches of Manado". Archived from the original on 10 January 2011. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
22. ^ "Christ Blessing and the Waruga". Archived from the original on 10 January 2011. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
23. ^ "Manado Boulevard Carnaval - Digelar Rutin". 18 July 2011. Archived from the original on 18 August 2011. Retrieved 19 July 2011.
24. ^ "The lakes of Sulut: Danau Tondano and Linow". Archived from the original on 12 August 2016. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
25. ^ "Off to Bunaken". Archived from the original on 10 January 2011. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
26. ^ "Livin' la vida Bunaken's way". Archived from the original on 10 January 2011. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
27. ^ "Bunaken's blue, blue seas". Archived from the original on 10 January 2011. Retrieved 14 December 2010.
28. ^ "Arthur Frets Assa". liga-indonesia.co.id. Archived from the original on 8 January 2013. Retrieved 18 July 2012.

• "Visitors Arrivals to Indonesia 2000–2005" (PDF). budpar.go.id.
  Ministry of Tourism and Culture Republic of Indonesia.^{[permanent dead link}
  ]

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Manado.

• "Menado" .
  New International Encyclopedia
  . 1905.
• Manado travel guide from Wikivoyage
• Huge Waves Cause Flooding in Manado, Sulawesi, Indonesia - Jan. 17, 2021