Provinces of Indonesia

Provinces are the first-level administrative divisions of Indonesia. They were formerly called first-level provincial regions (provinsi daerah tingkat I), before the Reform era. Provinces have a local government, consisting of a

Article 18 paragraph 1 of the 1945 Constitution states that "the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia is divided into provincial regions and those provincial regions are divided into regencies and city, whereby every one of those provinces, regencies, and municipalities has its regional government, which shall be regulated by laws."

According to the Law on Regional Government (UU 23/2014) the authority of the Provincial Government includes:

1. Development planning and control;
2. Planning, utilization, and community peace;
3. Implementation of public order and public peace;
4. Provision of public facilities and infrastructure;
5. Handling the health sector;
6. Education and allocation of potential human resources;
7. Handling social problems across regencies/cities;
8. Services in the field of manpower across regencies/cities;
9. Facilitating the development of cooperatives, small and medium enterprises, including across districts/cities;
10. Environmental control;
11. Defense services, including across regencies/cities;
12. Population and civil registration services;
13. Government general administration services;
14. Investment administration services, including across regencies/cities;
15. The implementation of other basic services that cannot be carried out by regencies/cities; and
16. Other mandatory affairs mandated by laws and regulations.

The authority of the provincial government are government affairs which are located across regencies/municipalities, government affairs whose users are across regencies/municipalities, government affairs whose benefits or negative impacts lie across regencies/municipalities, government affairs which use more resources. efficient if carried out by the province.

Each province has a

Aceh

North
Sumatra

West
Sumatra

Riau

Riau
Islands

Bangka
Belitung

Jambi

South
Sumatra

Bengkulu

Lampung

Banten

Jakarta
↓

West
Java

Central
Java

↑
Yogyakarta

East
Java

Bali

West
Nusa
Tenggara

East Nusa
Tenggara

West
Kalimantan

Central
Kalimantan

North
Kalimantan

East
Kalimantan

South
Kalimantan

North
Sulawesi

North
Maluku

Central
Sulawesi

Gorontalo
↓

West
Sulawesi

South
Sulawesi

Southeast
Sulawesi

Maluku

Southwest
Papua

West
Papua

Central
Papua

Papua

Highland
Papua

South
Papua

Code		Coat of arms	Name[2][3]		City		Geographical unit	Area (km2)	Population (mid 2024) [4]	Density per km2 (mid 2024)[5]	2nd Level
#	ISO[6] ID-		English	Indonesian	Capital	Largest					Cities	Reg.
11	AC		Aceh	Aceh	Banda Aceh		Sumatra	56,835	5,554,800	98	5	18
12	SU		North Sumatra	Sumatera Utara	Medan		Sumatra	72,461	15,588,500	215	8	25
13	SB		West Sumatra	Sumatera Barat	Padang		Sumatra	42,120	5,836,200	139	7	12
14	RI		Riau	Riau	Pekanbaru		Sumatra	89,936	6,728,100	75	2	10
15	JA		Jambi	Jambi	Jambi		Sumatra	49,027	3,724,300	76	2	9
16	SS		South Sumatra	Sumatera Selatan	Palembang		Sumatra	86,772	8,837,300	102	4	13
17	BE		Bengkulu	Bengkulu	Bengkulu		Sumatra	20,128	2,112,200	105	1	9
18	LA		Lampung	Lampung	Bandar Lampung		Sumatra	33,570	9,419,600	281	2	13
19	BB		Bangka Belitung Islands	Kepulauan Bangka Belitung	Pangkal Pinang		Sumatra	16,690	1,531,500	92	1	6
21	KR		Riau Islands	Kepulauan Riau	Tanjung Pinang	Batam	Sumatra	8,270	2,183,300	264	2	5
31	JK		Special Capital Region of Jakarta	Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta	Central Jakarta (de facto)[a]	East Jakarta	Java	661	10,684,900	16,165	5	1
32	JB		West Java	Jawa Barat	Bandung	Bekasi	Java	37,045	50,345,200	1,359	9	18
33	JT		Central Java	Jawa Tengah	Semarang		Java	34,337	37,892,300	1,104	6	29
34	YO		Special Region of Yogyakarta	Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta	Yogyakarta		Java	3,171	3,759,500	1,186	1	4
35	JI		East Java	Jawa Timur	Surabaya		Java	48,037	41,814,500	870	9	29
36	BT		Banten	Banten	Serang	Tangerang	Java	9,353	12,431,400	1,329	4	4
51	BA		Bali	Bali	Denpasar		Lesser Sunda Islands	5,590	4,433,300	793	1	8
52	NB		West Nusa Tenggara	Nusa Tenggara Barat	Mataram		Lesser Sunda Islands	19,676	5,646,000	287	2	8
53	NT		East Nusa Tenggara	Nusa Tenggara Timur	Kupang		Lesser Sunda Islands	46,447	5,656,000	122	1	21
61	KB		West Kalimantan	Kalimantan Barat	Pontianak		Kalimantan	147,037	5,695,500	39	2	12
62	KT		Central Kalimantan	Kalimantan Tengah	Palangka Raya		Kalimantan	153,444	2,809,700	18	1	13
63	KS		South Kalimantan	Kalimantan Selatan	Banjarbaru	Banjarmasin	Kalimantan	37,135	4,273,400	115	2	11
64	KI		East Kalimantan[b]	Kalimantan Timur	Samarinda		Kalimantan	126,981	4,045,900	32	3	7
65	KU		North Kalimantan	Kalimantan Utara	Tanjung Selor	Tarakan	Kalimantan	70,101	739,800	11	1	4
71	SA		North Sulawesi	Sulawesi Utara	Manado		Sulawesi	14,500	2,701,800	186	4	11
72	ST		Central Sulawesi	Sulawesi Tengah	Palu		Sulawesi	61,606	3,121,800	51	1	12
73	SN		South Sulawesi	Sulawesi Selatan	Makassar		Sulawesi	45,331	9,463,400	209	3	21
74	SG		Southeast Sulawesi	Sulawesi Tenggara	Kendari		Sulawesi	36,160	2,793,100	77	2	15
75	GO		Gorontalo	Gorontalo	Gorontalo		Sulawesi	12,025	1,227,800	102	1	5
76	SR		West Sulawesi	Sulawesi Barat	Mamuju		Sulawesi	16,595	1,503,200	91	—	6
81	MA		Maluku	Maluku	Ambon		Maluku Islands	46,158	1,945,600	42	2	9
82	MU		North Maluku	Maluku Utara	Sofifi	Ternate	Maluku Islands	32,999	1,355,600	41	2	8
91	PA		Papua	Papua	Jayapura		Western New Guinea	82,681	1,060,600	13	1	8
92	PB		West Papua[c]	Papua Barat	Manokwari		Western New Guinea	60,275	578,700	10	—	7
93	PS		South Papua	Papua Selatan	Salor	Merauke	Western New Guinea	117,849	542,100	5	—	4
94	PT		Central Papua	Papua Tengah	Wanggar	Timika	Western New Guinea	61,073	1,472,900	24	—	8
95	PE		Highland Papua	Papua Pegunungan	Jayawijaya		Western New Guinea	51,213	1,467,000	29	—	8
96	PD		Southwest Papua	Papua Barat Daya	Sorong		Western New Guinea	39,123	627,100	16	1	5

The decentralization of some power and autonomy to provinces is called for by Article 18 of the Constitution of Indonesia, and this article was expanded through amendments in October 1999 in the period following the fall of Suharto.^{[7]: 35–37} Some provinces have been granted additional autonomy beyond this, although Indonesia is not a federated state. The form this special autonomy takes is not standardized, with provinces gaining different formulations of specific autonomy based on particular political imperatives.^{[7]: 38–39}

• The Special Region of Yogyakarta, which was autonomous under Dutch rule, was (along with Surakarta) given consideration for autonomy as part of Law no. 1 of 1945. Autonomy for Yogyakarta was confirmed directly through Law no. 3 of 1950, the first granting of special autonomy to a province. This status has been maintained until the present, with some tweaks from additional laws.^{[7]: 39–40} Sultan Hamengkubuwono serves as a hereditary governor and Adipati Paku Alam as a hereditary vice-governor.
• Rebellion in Aceh due to demands for a stricter implementation of Islamic law has led to several shifts in political status. Specific autonomy was initially granted to the province through Law no. 24 of 1956. Further autonomy was given through the declaration that Aceh was a "special region" on 23 May 1959, later formalized through Law no. 18 of 1965. Following the fall of Suharto, Law no. 44 of 1999 and Law no. 18 of 2001 created a new framework that was adopted by both parties through Law no. 11 of 2006. This law provides privileged status regarding implementation of Islamic law in religious life, customary life, and education. Aceh also received its own development fund for a period of 20 years.^{[7]: 44–46}
• The province of Papua was granted special autonomy through Law no. 21 of 2001. This was a response to independence movements that had been present in the province since it became part of Indonesia, and occurred alongside the renaming of the province from Irian Jaya to Papua.^{[7]: 42–43 [8]} This gave Papua a greater portion of revenue, autonomy outside reserved areas maintained by the central government, and 20 years of a special development fund. Before special autonomy was implemented, West Papua was split from Papua in 2003, although both kept special autonomy.^[9] The special autonomy for both provinces was renewed in 2021, including a renewal and increase of the special autonomy fund.^[10] Included in this new legislation was the provision to create new provinces, and in July 2022 new national legislation split South Papua, Central Papua, Highland Papua from Papua^[11] through Law Number 14 of 2022, Law Number 15 of 2022, and Law Number 16 of 2022 respectively.^[8] Law No. 29 of 2022 was enacted in December 2022 splitting Southwest Papua from West Papua.^[12] All the split provinces retained their autonomous status.
• The Special Capital Region of Jakarta has its own status, due to it being the country's capital and largest city.^[13]

The provinces are officially grouped into seven geographical units for statistical and national planning purposes, but without administrative function.^[14]

Three-province Sumatra (1948–56) (L) and two-province Sulawesi (1960–64) with present-day regency borders

Upon the independence of Indonesia, eight provinces were established.

Pre-1999 Maluku (L) and Irian Jaya (now Papua, R) with present-day regency borders

• Tanjungpinang to Pekanbaru, Riau (until 1959)
• Jakarta to Bandung, West Java (until 1960)
• Singaraja to Denpasar, Bali (until 1960)
• Sukarnapura
  , West Irian (1956–1963)
• Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste
• Ternate to Sofifi, North Maluku (until 2010)
• Banjarmasin to Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan (until 2022)

• List of regencies and cities of Indonesia
• Subdivisions of Indonesia