Marisa cornuarietis

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Marisa cornuarietis
Drawing of a live individual of Marisa cornuarietis: the visible soft parts are covered in dark spots. The edge of the round operculum is visible under the shell.

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Caenogastropoda
Order: Architaenioglossa
Family: Ampullariidae
Genus: Marisa
Species:
M. cornuarietis
Binomial name
Marisa cornuarietis
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Synonyms[2]
  • Ampullaria (Marisa) cornuarietis (Linnaeus, 1758) (unaccepted combination)
  • Ampullaria chiquitensis d'Orbigny, 1838
  • Ampullaria cornuarietis (Linnaeus, 1758) (unaccepted combination)
  • Ampullaria knorrii Philippi, 1852
  • Ampullaria rotula Mousson, 1869 (
    junior synonym
    )
  • Ceratodes fasciatus Guilding, 1828
  • Ceratodes rotula Mousson, 1873 (junior synonym)
  • Helix cornuarietis Linnaeus, 1758 (original combination)
  • Marisa cornuarietis var. swifti Guppy, 1866 (variety)
  • Marisa rotula (Mousson, 1869) (junior synonym)
  • Planorbis contrarius O. F. Müller, 1774 (junior synonym)

Marisa cornuarietis,

mollusc in the family Ampullariidae
, the apple snail family.

These snails are popular in aquariums, and are also used in the wild as a biological control agent.

Distribution

Indigenous distribution

It is widespread in northern South America, although the type locality is unknown.[3] The giant ramshorn snail is native to northern South America and Central America, including Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, French Guiana, Guyana, Panama, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago and Venezuela.[1]

Non-indigenous distribution

Non-indigenous distribution of Marisa cornuarietis include:

  • Marisa cornuarietis was first discovered in the US in Coral Gables, Florida, in 1957.[3] It has spread to many other counties in southern Florida.[3] It was first found in Texas in 1983[3] and has also been reported in California and Idaho.[3] This species has been introduced and has established itself in Florida, in the southeastern United States. Established populations of this snail now exist in Broward, Dade, Monroe, and Palm Beach counties.[4] The initial introductions were probably from aquarium release, aka "aquarium dumping".[4]
  • Cuba[5]

It is considered as about the 74th the worst alien species in Europe.[6]

A shell of Marisa cornuarietis.

Description

A live Marisa cornuarietis. This photo shows a left side of the snail and umbilical view of the shell.
A shell of Marisa cornuarietis

Although Marisa snails superficially resemble the great ramshorn snail because of the planispiral coiling of their shells, they are not at all closely related to true ramshorn snails in the family Planorbidae.

This is an easily recognizable species: the shell is flat-coiled (planispiral).[4] The shell color varies from pale to darker red or brown or more vivid shades of those colors, and is fairly often striped.[4]

The shell diameter is usually 35–50 mm (2 in) or even larger.[4]

Ecology

This species has gills as well as a lung, to ensure efficient underwater respiration even in condition of low levels of dissolved oxygen.[4]

Habitat

This snail prefers still or slow-moving fresh water, depending on the availability of aquatic vegetation as a food source.[4]

Feeding habits

This species eats aquatic plants, algae, dead fish and snails.

Easily adaptable to captivity, this snail may invade and damage aquarium vegetation.

omnivorous, and feeds on animal and vegetal detritus.[4] This snail acts as a useful aquarium scavenger when it is not excessively numerous.[4]

Studies revealed that this species retards the growth of water hyacinths by feeding on the roots of the plants.[4] It has been suggested that the snail be used as weed-control agent in the canals of south Florida.[4]

Life cycle

A gonochoric species, it lays eggs in characteristic disk-shape clutches, adhering to various substrates. Unlike some other apple snails, this snail lays its eggs below the waterline.[3]

Human use

In the aquarium

It is a part of ornamental

pet trade for freshwater aquaria.[7]

Marisa cornuarietis is one of about 120 species belonging to the family Ampullariidae, also known as the

apple snail family (and sometimes called Pilidae). These apple snails are commonly sold in pet stores under the misleading names "giant ramshorn snail" and "Colombian ramshorn snail". Oftentimes "Columbian" is used, which is a mistake, as this implies the animal was named after Christopher Columbus, which it was not.[citation needed
] This species is native to Colombia.

Marisa cornuarietis is usually purchased intentionally from pet stores, whereas true ramshorn snails (family Planorbidae) are very often considered to be aquarium pests, acquired accidentally, clinging to leaves of aquatic plants.[citation needed]

These apple snails grow to be much larger than the true ramshorn snails, and they consume large amounts of plant matter. This means they are not suitable for the

planted aquarium
.

As a biological control agent

Marisa cornuarietis is used as a

vectors
for food. They also eat the eggs of Biomphalaria, thereby effectively reducing the chances of Schistosomia being spread.

The potential ecological impacts of this species in North America were reviewed by Howells et al. in 2006.[8]

The snail has been released in some areas in an attempt to control the invasive aquatic plant genus Hydrilla.[4]

References

This article incorporates a public domain text from the reference [4] and CC-BY-2.0 text from the reference.[3]

  1. ^
    doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T189507A8741248.en
    . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Marisa cornuarietis (Linnaeus, 1758)". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2022-01-15.
  3. ^
    PMID 17594487
    .
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n United States Geological Survey. (2008). Marisa cornuarietis. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL. [1] Revision Date: 2/6/2008
  5. Tropical Conservation Science 3(2): 190-199. HTM, PDF
    .
  6. ISSN 1387-3547
    .
  7. PMID 27525660
    .
  8. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.498.2879
    .

Further reading

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Marisa cornuarietis.
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