Murakumo-class destroyer
 Murakumo-class destroyer Kagerō at Kure, 1920
| |
| Class overview | |
|---|---|
| Name | Murakumo class |
| Builders | John I. Thornycroft & Company Chiswick, England |
| Operators |  Imperial Japanese Navy |
| Preceded by | Ikazuchi class |
| Succeeded by | Akatsuki class |
| In commission | December 1898 - June 1925 |
| Planned | 6 |
| Completed | 6 |
| Lost | 1 |
| Retired | 5 |
| General characteristics | |
| Type | Destroyer |
| Displacement |
|
| Length |
|
| Beam | 19.5 ft (5.9 m) |
| Draught | 6 ft 10 in (2.08 m) |
| Depth | 13.5 ft (4.1 m) |
| Propulsion | 2-shaft reciprocating, 3 boilers, 5,800 ihp (4,300 kW) |
| Speed | 30 knots (56 km/h) |
| Complement | 50 |
| Armament |
|
The Murakumo-class destroyers (叢雲型駆逐艦, Murakumo-gata kuchikukan) ("Gathering Clouds") were a class of six torpedo boat destroyers (TBDs) of the Imperial Japanese Navy, built in Britain in 1897–99. The class is also sometimes referred to as the Shinonome-class destroyers (東雲駆逐艦, Shinonome-gata kuchikukan)("Daybreak").[2] All were named after celestial phenomena.
Background
In the First Sino-Japanese War, the Japanese navy came to understand the combat effectiveness of small, fast torpedo equipped warships over larger, slower ships equipped with slow-loading and often inaccurate naval artillery. The Murakumo-class vessels were the first class of destroyers to be procured by the Imperial Japanese Navy,[3] but were purchased almost simultaneously with the Ikazuchi class, whose lead ship Ikazuchi was the first to be laid down and launched. Four ships were ordered under the 1896 fiscal year budget (Murakumo and Shinonome on 15 January 1897, and Yūgiri and Shiranui on 7 May), and an additional two under the 1897 budget (Kagerō and Usugumo on 6 May 1898). All were ordered from John I. Thornycroft & Company in Chiswick, England.[4] The last two were slightly (7½ tons) heavier than the first four, and thus had 1½ inches greater draught.[5]
Design
The design of the Murakumo-class destroyers was based on Thorneycroft's
All Murakumo-class vessels had a flush deck design with a distinctive "turtleback" forecastle that was intended to clear water from the bow during high speed navigation, but was poorly designed for high waves or bad weather. The bridge and forward gun platform were barely raised above the bow, resulting in a wet conning position. More than half of the small hull was occupied by the boilers and the engine room. With fuel and weaponry, there was little space left for crew quarters.
All were powered by
Operational history
All six Murakumo-class destroyers arrived in Japan in time to be used during the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905. All were present at the Battle of the Yellow Sea and the final crucial Battle of Tsushima.
The Murakumo-class vessels reclassified as third-class destroyers on 28 August 1912, and were removed from front-line combat service. Usugumo was wrecked in a
The five surviving vessels were again used in combat with the start of World War I, during the Battle of Tsingtao[9] and in the operations to seize German colonial possessions in the South Pacific.
After the war, Murakumo and Yūgiri were demilitarized, and used as depot ships in 1919–20, and then as auxiliary
List of ships
| Kanji | Name Translation |
Builder | Laid down | Launched | Completed | Fate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 叢雲 | Murakumo "Gathering Clouds" |
Thornycroft, Chiswick, UK | 1 October 1897 | 16 November 1898 | 29 December 1898 | depot vessel 1 April 1919, auxiliary minesweeper 1 July 1920; dispatch vessel 1 April 1922, scuttled 4 June 1925 |
| 東雲 | Shinonome "Dawn Cloud" |
1 October 1897 | 14 December 1898 | 1 February 1899 | wrecked off Taiwan 23 July 1913; written off 6 August 1913 | |
| 夕霧 | Yūgiri "Evening Mist" |
1 November 1897 | 26 January 1899 | 10 March 1899 | depot vessel 1 April 1919, auxiliary minesweeper 1 July 1920; Broken up 1 April 1922 | |
| 不知火 | Shiranui "Phosphorescent Foam" |
1 January 1898 | 15 March 1899 | 13 May 1899 | minesweeper 1 April 1922, dispatch vessel 1 August 1923; Broken up 25 February 1925 | |
| 陽炎 | Kagerō "Mirage" |
1 August 1898 | 23 October 1899 | 31 October 1899 | Dispatch vessel 21 April 1922; Broken up 25 February 1925 | |
| 薄雲 | Usugumo "Thin Clouds" |
1 September 1898 | 16 January 1900 | 1 February 1900 | minesweeper 1 April 1922, dispatch vessel 1 August 1923; scuttled 29 April 1925 |
Notes
- ^ Lyon, The Thornycroft List
- ^ Jentsura, Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869-1945
- ^ Lyon, The Thornycroft List
- ^ Howarth, The Fighting Ships of the Rising Sun
- ^ Lyon, The Thornycroft List
- ^ David Lyon, The Thornycroft List (1981).
- ^ Cocker, Destroyers of the Royal Navy
- ^ Nishida, Imperial Japanese Navy
- ^ Halpern. A Naval History of World War I
References
- Cocker, Maurice (1983). Destroyers of the Royal Navy, 1893-1981. Ian Allan. ISBN 0-7110-1075-7.
- Evans, David (1979). Kaigun: Strategy, Tactics, and Technology in the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1887-1941. US Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-192-7.
- Halpern, Paul G (1994). A Naval History of World War I. Routledge. ISBN 1-85728-498-4.
- Howarth, Stephen (1983). The Fighting Ships of the Rising Sun: The Drama of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1895-1945. Atheneum. ISBN 0-689-11402-8.
- Jane, Fred T. (1904). The Imperial Japanese Navy. Thacker, Spink & Co. ASIN: B00085LCZ4.
- Jentsura, Hansgeorg (1976). Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869-1945. US Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-893-X.
- Lyon, David (1981). The Thornycroft List. Greenwich: National Maritime Museum.
- Stille, Mark (2016). The Imperial Japanese Navy of the Russo-Japanese War. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4728-1119-6.
- Watts, Anthony John (1971). The Imperial Japanese Navy, 1869-1945. London: Macdonald & Co. (Publishers) Ltd. ISBN 0-356-03045-8.
External links
- Nishida, Hiroshi. "Materials of IJN: Murakumo class destroyer". Imperial Japanese Navy.
- Smith, Gordon. "Imperial Japanese Navy". World War I at Sea.