Nasrid dynasty

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

This article is about the dynasty that ruled Granada. For the history of their state, see Emirate of Granada.
For the Iranian dynasty that ruled Sistan, see Nasrid dynasty (Sistan).
Nasrid dynasty
بنو نصر
Muhammad XII of Granada
Deposition2 January 1492; 532 years ago (1492-01-02) (Treaty of Granada)

The Nasrid dynasty (

Muhammad XII surrendered all lands to Isabella I of Castile. Today, the most visible evidence of the Nasrid dynasty is the Alhambra
palace complex built under their reign.

Historical background

Historical Arab states and dynasties
Ancient Arab states
Kingdom of Qedar 800 BC–300 BC
Kingdom of Lihyan 600 BC–100 BC
Nabataean Kingdom 400 BC–106 AD
Kingdom of Osroene 132 BC–244 AD
Emesene Dynasty 64 BC–300s AD
Kingdom of Hatra 100s–241 AD
Tanukhids 196–1100 AD
Ghassanids 220–638 AD
Salihids 300s–500s AD
Lakhmids 300s–602 AD
Kingdom of Kinda 450 AD–550 AD
Arab empires and caliphates
Rashidun 632–661
Umayyads 661–750
Abbasids 750–1258
Fatimids 909–1171
Eastern dynasties
Shirvanshah
 861–1538
Alavids 864–928
Hamdanids 890–1004
Rawadids 955–1071
Mazyadids 961–1150
Jarrahids 970–1107
Uqaylids 990–1096
Numayrids 990–1081
Mirdasids 1024–1080
Munqidhites 1025–1157
Ma'nids 1517–1697
Turabays 1480–1677
Harfushs 1517–1865
Shihabs 1697–1842
Western dynasties and caliphates
Senussids
1837–1969
Arabian Peninsula
Mutawakkilite Kingdom
 1926–1970
East Africa
Tippu Tip's State
 1860–1887
Current monarchies
Umm al-Quwain)
 1775–present
Al Khalifa (Bahrain) 1783–present
Al Nuaimi (Ajman) 1810–present
Al Maktoum (Dubai) 1833–present
Al Thani (Qatar) 1868–present
Al Sharqi (Fujairah) 1900–present
Hashemites (Jordan) 1921–present

The dynasty founded by

Marinids of Morocco.[3]

Nasrid crafts like textile work such as

lusterware, first in Málaga, Murcia, and Almería, and then by the 15th century in Manises. This style of pottery produced first under Muslim patronage, then Christian, influenced the later style of colorful and glazed Italian ceramics known as maiolica. Throughout the 14th century, the Nasrids are noted for their palace architecture like the Alhambra, which was a product of the efforts of Ismail I and Muhammad V.[3]

In 1469,

Muhammad XIII, Sultan of Granada, known as Al-Zaghal (the valiant), and a power struggle with Muhammad XII continued. Al-Zaghal prevailed in the inner struggle but was forced to surrender to the Christians. Muhammad XII surrendered Granada to Ferdinand and Isabella in 1492 and was given a lordship in the Alpujarras mountains, but instead took financial compensation from the Spanish crown to leave the Iberian Peninsula.[4] The remaining Muslim population was given the status of mudéjar.[3]

  • Coat of Arms of the Emirate of Granada on a wall in the Alhambra, Nasrid dynasty (1013–1492)
    Coat of Arms of the Emirate of Granada on a wall in the Alhambra, Nasrid dynasty (1013–1492)
  • Contemporary coat of arms (upper right) of the Nasrid dynasty of Granada with garbled Arabic inscription (Wernigerode Armorial).
    Contemporary coat of arms (upper right) of the Nasrid dynasty of Granada with garbled Arabic inscription (Wernigerode Armorial).
  • A silk textile fragment from the last Muslim dynasty of Al-Andalus, the Nasrid Dynasty (1232–1492), with the epigraphic inscription "glory to our lord the Sultan".[5][6]
    A silk textile fragment from the last Muslim dynasty of Al-Andalus, the Nasrid Dynasty (1232–1492), with the epigraphic inscription "glory to our lord the Sultan".[5][6]
  • Painting in the ceiling of the Hall of Kings of the Alhambra, depicting the ten Sultans of Granada.[7]
    Painting in the ceiling of the Hall of Kings of the Alhambra, depicting the ten Sultans of Granada.[7]

Lineage

The Nasrid dynasty was descended from the Arab

companions of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.[9]

Family tree

Monarchs of the
Iberian Peninsula

The family tree below shows the genealogical relationship between each sultan of the Nasrid dynasty.[10][11] It starts with their common ancestor, Yusuf al-Ahmar. Daughters are omitted, as are sons whose descendants never reigned. During times of rival claims to the throne, the family tree generally recognizes the sultan who controlled the city of Granada itself and the Alhambra palace.

List of Nasrid sultans of Granada

First dynasty (al-dawla al-ghalibiyya)

Sources:[12][13]

S. n. Name Birth date Death date Reign Notes
1 Abu Abdallah Muhammad I al-Ghalib bi'llah c. 1194 22 January 1273 1232 – 22 January 1273
2 Abu Abdallah Muhammad II al-Faqih c. 1235 8 April 1302 22 January 1273 – 8 April 1302
3 Abu Abdallah Muhammad III al-Makhlu 15 August 1257 21 January 1314 8 April 1302 – 14 March 1309
4 Abu'l-Juyush Nasr 1 November 1287 16 November 1322 14 March 1309 – 8 February 1314

Second dynasty (al-dawla al-isma'iliyya al-nasriyya)

Sources:[12][13]

S. n. Name Birth date Death date Reign Notes
5 Abu'l-Walid Ismail I 3 March 1279 8 July 1325 February 1314 – 8 July 1325
6 Abu Abdallah Muhammad IV 14 April 1315 25 August 1333 8 July 1325 – 25 August 1333
7 Abu'l-Hajjaj Yusuf I al-Muayyad bi'llah 29 June 1318 19 October 1354 August 1333 – 19 October 1354
8 Abu Abdallah Muhammad V al-Ghani bi'llah 4 January 1339 16 January 1391 October 1354 – August 1359
9 Abu'l-Walid Ismail II 4 October 1339 24 June or 13 July 1360 23 August 1359 – 24 June/13 July 1360
10 Abu Abdallah Muhammad VI al-Ghalib bi'llah 1333 25 April 1362 June/July 1360 – April 1362 known as "The Red King" (el rey Bermejo)
11 Abu Abdallah Muhammad V al-Ghani bi'llah (2x) 4 January 1339 16 January 1391 April 1362 – 16 January 1391
12 Abu'l-Hajjaj Yusuf II al-Mustaghni bi'llah c. 1356 5 October 1392 15 January 1391 – 5 October 1392
13 Abu Abdallah Muhammad VII c. 1370 13 May 1408 3 October 1392 – 13 May 1408
14 Abu'l-Hajjaj Yusuf III al-Nasir li-Din Allah 1376 9 November 1417 May 1408 – 9 November 1417
15 Muhammad VIII al-Mutamassik 1411 1431 November 1417–1419 known as "the Little One" (al-Saghir/el Pequeño)
16 Abu Abdallah Muhammad IX al-Ghalib bi'llah 1396 1454 1419–1427 known as "the Left-Handed" (al-Aysar/el Zurdo)
17 Muhammad VIII al-Mutamassik (2x) 1411 1431 1427–1429 known as "the Little One" (al-Saghir/el Pequeño)
18 Abu Abdallah Muhammad IX al-Ghalib bi'llah (2x) 1396 1454 1430–1431 known as "the Left-Handed" (al-Aysar/el Zurdo)
19 Abu'l-Hajjaj Yusuf IV unknown 1432 1431–1432 known as Ibn al-Mawl or Abenalmao
20 Abu Abdallah Muhammad IX al-Ghalib bi'llah (3x) 1396 1454 1432–1445 known as "the Left-Handed" (al-Aysar/el Zurdo)
21 Abu Abdallah Muhammad X 1415 1454 1445 known as "The Lame" (al-Ahnaf/el Cojo)
22 Yusuf V unknown 1463 1445–1446, 1462 known as Ibn Ismail or Aben Ismael
23 Abu Abdallah Muhammad X (2x) 1415 1454 1446–1447 known as "The Lame" (al-Ahnaf/el Cojo)
24 Ismail III[14] unknown 1448 1447–1448
25 Abu Abdallah Muhammad IX al-Ghalib bi'llah (4x) 1396 1454 1448–1453 known as "the Left-Handed" (al-Aysar/el Zurdo)
26 Muhammad XI unknown 1454 1453–1454 known as "The Little Fellow" (el Chiquito)
27 Abu Nasr Sa'd al-Mustain bi'llah unknown 1465 1454–1462 known as Ciriza and Muley Zad
28 Ismail IV[15] unknown 1463 1462–1463
29 Abu Nasr Sa'd al-Mustain bi'llah (2x) unknown 1465 1463–1464 known as Ciriza and Muley Zad
30 Abu'l-Hasan Ali unknown 1485 1464–1482 known as Muley Hacén
31
Abu Abdallah Muhammad XII
 c. 1460 1533 1482 known as Boabdil
32 Abu'l-Hasan Ali (2x) unknown 1485 1482–1485 known as Muley Hacén
33 Abu Abdallah Muhammad XIII c. 1444 c. 1494 1485–1486 known as "The Brave" (al-Zaghal/el Zagal)
34
Abu Abdallah Muhammad XII
(2x) 		c. 1460 1533 1486–1492 known as Boabdil

See also

Citations

  1. ISBN 978-0748696482
    .
  2. ISBN 978-90-04-42581-1
    .
  3. ^ a b c "The Art of the Nasrid Period (1232–1492)". Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 17 September 2019.
  4. ISBN 978-0-230-20012-8
    .
  5. ^ "Textile Fragment". The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 14 December 2018.
  6. ^ Ekhtiar, Maryam (2011). Masterpieces from the Department of Islamic Art in The Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 82.
  7. ISBN 978-0-436-53401-0
    .
  8. ^ Harvey 1992, p. 21.
  9. ISBN 978-1-137-03982-8
    .
  10. ISBN 978-1-85367-193-7
    .
  11. OCLC 1199708
    .
  12. ^ a b Fernández-Puertas 1997, p. 4.
  13. ^ a b Latham & Fernández-Puertas 1993, p. 1020.
  14. ^ Castro 2018, https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/27719/ismail-iii.
  15. ^ Castro 2018a, https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/27720/ismail-iv.

General and cited references

External links

  • Media related to Banu Nasr at Wikimedia Commons
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