National Democracy (Philippines)
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National Democracy (ND) (
It is not to be confused with the existing democratic form of government in the country.
History and background
The national democratic movement has its origins in opposition to former president and dictator
Under the present concrete conditions of Philippine society which are semi-colonial and semi-feudal, the Communist Party has to wage a national democratic revolution of a new type, a people's democratic revolution. Though its leadership is proletarian, the Philippine Revolution is not yet a proletarian-socialist revolution. We should not confuse the national-democratic stage and the socialist stage of the Philippine Revolution. Only after the national-democratic stage has been completed can the proletarian revolutionary leadership carry out the socialist revolution as the transitional stage towards communism. — Philippine Society and Revolution p.78[6]
Once martial law was lifted in 1981 and Corazon Aquino was elected to the Presidency in 1986 after the People Power Revolution, corruption and abuse of government power remained endemic in the Philippine political system, which according to the ND were exemplified by the Mendiola massacre, the counter-insurgency programs waged against the armed groups of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front and the New People's Army, embezzlement and graft during the terms of Joseph Estrada and Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, and the 2004 Hacienda Luisita massacre. According to the analysis espoused since the 1970s by Sison and others, the continuation of human rights violations in the Philippines at the hands of government officials and other social, economic, and political injustices highlight the need of liberating the nation the imperialist forces—primarily led, from what ND proponents identifies, the United States. As a former U.S. colony, the Philippines' dynamic with the United States dates back to the Philippine–American War.
Organizations
The national democratic movement is divided into underground and legal groups.[7] The National Democratic Front of the Philippines (NDFP) is the underground, revolutionary coalition of various national democratic groups that comprise organizations such as the Communist Party of the Philippines, New People's Army, Kabataang Makabayan, and Malayang Kilusan ng Bagong Kababaihan (MAKIBAKA)[8][9]
The legal groups are collectively known as
References
- ^ Smith, Desmond (March 1996). Democracy and the Media in Developing Countries: A Case Study of the Philippines (PDF) (PhD). University of Leeds. Retrieved March 1, 2021 – via CORE.
- ^ "APPENDIX: A History of the Philippine Political Protest". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved March 1, 2021.
- ^ Guerrero, Amado (1970). Philippine Society and Revolution (PDF). International Association of Filipino Patriots.
- ^ Greg Bankoff, Kathleen Weekley. Post-Colonial National Identity in the Philippines: Celebrating the Centennial of Independence. Routledge.
- The GUIDON. Retrieved March 1, 2021.
- ^ Guerrero, Amado (1979). Philippine Society and Revolution. p. 78.
- ^ "History Archive for Philippine Socialism". www.marxists.org. Retrieved November 11, 2021.
- ^ Angeles, Leonora. “The PKP (Communist Party of the Philippines) and MAKIBAKA (Free Movement of New Women) Revisited: The Place of Women’s Liberation in Revolutionary Theory and Practice.” Kasarinlan A Philippine Quarterly of Third World Studies, vol. 3, no. 4, Jan. 1988, pp. 26–35.
- ^ "Member Organizations – Liberation". liberation.ndfp.org. April 24, 2017. Retrieved November 11, 2021.
- ^ "International League of Peoples' Struggle". Archived from the original on January 1, 2012. Retrieved January 1, 2013.