Opelousas, Louisiana

Opelousas, Louisiana
CDT)
ZIP code	70570
Area code	337
FIPS code	22-58045
Website	http://www.cityofopelousas.com

Opelousas (

, which has a population of 537,947.

Historically an area of settlement by French and Spanish Creoles, Creoles of color, and Acadians, Opelousas is the center of zydeco music. It celebrates its heritage at the Creoles of Color Heritage Folklife Center, one of the destinations on the new Louisiana African-American Heritage Trail. It is also the location of the Evangeline Downs Racetrack and Casino.

The city calls itself "the spice capital of the world", with production and sale of seasonings such as Tony Chachere's products,^[3] Targil Seasonings,^[4] Savoie's cajun meats and products,^[5] and LouAna Cooking Oil.

During the tenure of Sheriff Cat Doucet, from 1936 to 1940 and again from 1952 to 1968, the section of Opelousas along Highway 190 was a haven of gambling and prostitution, the profits from which he skimmed a take.^[6]

Demographics

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1860	786		—
1870	1,546		96.7%
1880	1,676		8.4%
1890	1,572		−6.2%
1900	2,951		87.7%
1910	4,623		56.7%
1920	4,437		−4.0%
1930	6,299		42.0%
1940	8,980		42.6%
1950	11,659		29.8%
1960	17,417		49.4%
1970	20,387		17.1%
1980	18,903		−7.3%
1990	18,151		−4.0%
2000	22,860		25.9%
2010	16,634		−27.2%
2020	15,786		−5.1%
U.S. Decennial Census[7]

2020 census

Opelousas racial composition^[8]

Race	Number	Percentage
White (non-Hispanic)	2,799	17.73%
Black or African American (non-Hispanic)	12,183	77.18%
Native American	34	0.22%
Asian	116	0.73%
Other/Mixed	397	2.51%
Latino	257	1.63%

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 15,786 people, 6,248 households, and 3,527 families residing in the city.

2018

According to the 2018 United States Census estimate, 16,126 people reside within the city limits of Opelousas.  The racial makeup of the city was 77.04% Black, 20.3% White, .04% Native American, .05% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, .43% Other Race, 1.08% two or more races, and 1.06% was Hispanic or Latino of any race.

2010 census

The

, 16,634 people resided in the city. The racial makeup of the city was 74.8% Black, 21.9% White, 0.3% Native American, 0.5% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 0.2% from some other race and 1.0% from two or more races; 1.2% was Hispanic or Latino of any race.

2000 census

As of the

Of the 8,699 households, 32.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 33.7% were married couples living together, 26.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.9% were not families; 32.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.24.

In the city, the population was distributed as 30.3% under the age of 18, 9.4% from 18 to 24, 24.9% from 25 to 44, 19.6% from 45 to 64, and 15.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $14,717, and for a family was $19,966. Males had a median income of $24,588 versus $17,104 for females. The

poverty line

, including 57.2% of those under age 18 and 32.0% of those age 65 or over.

History

Early years

Opelousas takes its name from the Native American tribe Opelousa who had occupied the area before European contact.

French traders, called coureur de bois (trapper and hunter), arrived in the Opelousas area in the early 1740s to trade with the Opelousas Indians.

Northwestern Plains Indians.)

After the Louisiana Purchase of 1803, settlers continued to migrate here from

and his family were said to have settled in the area circa 1813.

In 1805, Opelousas became the seat of the newly formed St. Landry Parish - named after the church located there and in honor of

]

American Civil War

European and American settlement was based on plantation agriculture, and both groups brought or purchased numerous enslaved Africans and

to work as laborers in cotton cultivation. African Americans influenced all cultures as the people created a creolized cuisine and music. The long decline of cotton prices throughout the 19th century created economic problems, worsened by the lack of employment diversity.

In 1862, after

.

Reconstruction

After the defeat of the South and emancipation of slaves, many whites had difficulty accepting the changed conditions, especially as economic problems and dependence on agriculture slowed the South's recovery. Social tensions were high during Reconstruction. In 1868, in what is known as the

were killed during this period. This series of murders comprised one of the single worst instances of Reconstruction violence in south Louisiana.

Following this, Opelousas in 1872 enacted ordinances that greatly restricted the freedoms of black Americans. These codes required blacks to have a written pass from their employer to enter the town and to state the duration of their visit. Blacks were not allowed on the streets after a 10 pm curfew; they could neither own a house nor reside in the town, unless they were employed by a white person, and they were not allowed in the town after 3 pm on Sundays.^[16][17] Like the Black Codes, such police regulations restricted the freedoms and personal autonomy of freedmen after the Civil War in the South.^[16]

Refugee era and beyond

In 1880, the railroad reached Opelousas. In the late 19th century, New York City social services agencies arranged for resettlement of Catholic orphan children by sending them to western rural areas, including Opelousas, in Louisiana and other states. At least three Orphan Trains reached this city before 1929. Opelousas is the heart of a traditional Catholic region of French, Spanish, Canadian, and French West Indian ancestry. Catholic families in Louisiana took in more than 2,000 mostly Catholic orphans to live in their rural farming communities.^[18]

In the year 1920, segregation at St Landry Catholic Church led local Black Catholics to establish their own parish, Holy Ghost. It has since grown to become the largest Black parish in the United States.

In May 1927, Opelousas accepted thousands of refugees following the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 in the Mississippi Delta. Heavy rains in northern and midwestern areas caused intense flooding in areas of Mississippi, Arkansas, and Louisiana downstream, especially after levées near Moreauville, Cecilia, and Melville collapsed.^[19]

More than 81% of St. Landry Parish suffered some flooding, with 77% of the inhabitants directly affected. People in more southern areas of Louisiana, especially those communities along Bayou Teche, were forced to flee their homes for areas that suffered less damage. By May 20, over 5,700 refugees were registered in Opelousas, which had a population of only 6,000 people. Many of the refugees later returned to their homes and began the rebuilding process.^[19]

During the tenure of Parish Sheriff Cat Doucet from 1936 to 1940 and 1952 to 1968, the section of Opelousas along Highway 190 was a haven of gambling and prostitution.^[6] Doucet told historian Michael Kurtz that, with the return of Earl Long to the governorship in 1956, Doucet could bring back brothels and casinos and get a take of the proceeds.^[6]

Festivals

The annual Yambilee Festival in Opelousas began in 1946. The harvest festival took place on the last weekend in October. Activities included agricultural competitions, carnival rides, pageants, and parades with floats. John F. Kennedy once attended. The festival has since been cancelled.^[20]

Since 1982, Opelousas has hosted the Original Southwest Louisiana Zydeco Festival.^[21] Usually held the Saturday before Labor Day at Zydeco Park in Plaisance, the festival features a day of performances by Zydeco musicians, with the goal of keeping the genre alive.^[22]

Additional annual events include:

• Annual Gumbo Cook-off - January
• Holy Ghost Festival
  All Saints Day
  (Nov. 1)
• Christmas Lighting of Le Vieux Village- first Friday every December
• Opelousas Imperial Mardi Gras Parade- Mardi Gras (Tuesday before Ash Wednesday in French Catholic tradition)
• Opelousas Mardi Gras Celebration/Street Dance on Court St.- Mardi Gras

Education

Opelousas is home to several public and private schools. Opelousas has many public high schools, which are Opelousas Senior High, Northwest High School, and Magnet Academy for Cultural Arts. Opelousas Junior High serves as the area middle school. The city has seven public elementary schools. It is also home to one of the campuses of South Louisiana Community College.^[24]

The private schools are religiously based, including Opelousas Catholic School, Westminster Christian Academy,^[25] Apostolic Christian Academy, New Hope Christian Academy, and Family Worship Christian Academy.

Media

Opelousas is part of the Lafayette television and radio markets.

The city is home to

]

KOCZ broadcasts music, news, and public affairs to listeners now at 92.9. It was originally on 103.7, but had to move due to a full-power station being licensed to 103.7.[26] Opelousas is home to The Mix KOGM 107.1FM, which is owned by KSLO Broadcasting, Inc.

There are two TV stations based in Opelousas, KDCG-CD (Class A Digital) TV Channel 22 and K39JV, another low power on channel 39.

Economy

The primary industries in Opelousas are agriculture, oil, manufacturing, wholesale, and retail.

The horse racing track Evangeline Downs relocated to Opelousas from its former home in Carencro, Louisiana, in 2003. It employs over 600 workers.^[27]

Opelousas is also home to Tony Chachere, a Louisiana spice company with a worldwide reach. The company makes a variety of seasoning blends, sauces, marinades, and other products.^[28]

In September 1999,

Sports

Opelousas was home to the

Notable people

Athletes

• Rod Milburn, 1972 Summer Olympics gold medalist
• Lloyd Mumphord, NFL cornerback and special-teams captain for Miami Dolphins during their perfect season (1972–73), two-time Super Bowl champion
• Marvin White, safety for the Cincinnati Bengals
• Devery Henderson, wide receiver for the New Orleans Saints
• CeeDee Lamb, wide receiver for the Dallas Cowboys
• Daniel Baldridge, offensive tackle for the Jacksonville Jaguars and the Tennessee Titans
• Keon Coleman, wide receiver for the Florida State Seminoles

Clergy

• W. C. Friley, Baptist clergyman who, through a series of revival meetings in 1880, helped to establish First Baptist Church Opelousas.
• Dominic Carmon, Roman Catholic bishop
• Charles Michael Jarrell, Roman Catholic bishop

Culinary

• Chef Tony Chachere was born in Opelousas; the town is home to his company, Tony Chachere Creole Foods.
• Chef Paul Prudhomme

Entertainers

• Rod Bernard, American singer who helped to pioneer the musical genre known as "swamp pop", which combined New Orleans-style rhythm and blues, country and western, and Cajun music.
• Tex Brashear, voice-over/cartoon voice actor
• Clifton Chenier, legendary zydeco musician
• Richard Eastham (1916–2005), actor
• Mabel Sonnier Savoie, American singer, guitarist

Historians

• Winston De Ville, Colonial Louisiana and Mississippi Valley historian, genealogist, and author
• Carl A. Brasseaux, historian of French Colonial Louisiana

Politicians

• US Ambassador to the African Union
• Jay Dean, mayor of Longview, Texas, 2005–2015; Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives
  , was born in Opelousas in 1953.
• Cat Doucet, Sheriff of St. Landry Parish, 1936–40; 1952–68
• Gilbert L. Dupré
  , state representative and district court judge for St. Landry Parish
• H. Garland Dupré, state representative and U.S. representative for Louisiana's 2nd congressional district in New Orleans, was born in Opelousas in 1873.
• Jacques Dupré, 8th Governor of Louisiana; fought in Battle of New Orleans, and served as a state politician from 1816 to 1848. Owned the largest ranch in Louisiana in 1830.
• Ivan L. R. Lemelle, Federal Judge, U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Louisiana, and former U.S. Magistrate Judge of the same district.
• Charles Nash, African American Republican Representative after during the Reconstruction era
• André B. Roman, 9th Governor of Louisiana serving two non-consecutive terms. Speaker of the Louisiana House of Representatives, 1822 to 1826. State politician from 1818 to 1843.
• Louisiana Chief Justice
  Albert Tate, Jr., who later served on the United States Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals, based in New Orleans
  .

Others

• Jim Bowie, legendary adventurer and hero of the Alamo
  , lived in Opelousas for a time.
• Rezin Bowie, older brother of Alamo hero Jim Bowie and inventor of the famous Bowie knife, lived in Opelousas and married and converted to Catholicism at St. Landry Catholic Church in Opelousas.
• Confederate Brigadier General J.J. Alfred Mouton, CSA, was born in Opelousas on February 29, 1829; he served under Confederate General Richard Taylor, and was killed during the Battle of Mansfield, Louisiana.
• Bobby Dunbar
  , noted kidnap victim
• Antoinette Frank, death-row inmate at the Louisiana Correctional Institute^[31]
• Georgia Ann Robinson, first African American woman to serve as an officer in the Los Angeles Police Department
• pluggnb
  subgenre
• Harry Swinney, physicist and member of the National Academy of Sciences, known for contributions to the field of nonlinear dynamics.

In popular culture

Musician Billy Cobham recorded a song called "Opelousas" on his 1978 album Simplicity of Expression - Depth of Thought (Columbia Records JC 35457).

The 1980s

. The narrator of the song describes being arrested by a sheriff who offers to let him go in exchange for a bribe, under the guise of a contribution to the town's charity ball.

The

References

Further reading

• Andrepont, Carola Ann (1992). Opelousas, A Great Place to Be!. Opelousas.: Andrepont Printing.
  OCLC 26884714
  .
• OCLC 45733128
  .
• Brasseaux, Carl A. (1987). The Founding of New Acadia: The Beginnings of Acadian Life in Louisiana, 1765-1803. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press.
  OCLC 45843681
  .
• OCLC 724500
  .
• Fontenot, Ruth Robertson (1955). Some History of St. Landry Parish from the 1690s. Opelousas: (The Opelousas) Daily World.
  OCLC 5581766
  .
• Harper, John N. (2018). Mississippi Valley Mélange: A Collection of Notes and Documents for the Genealogy and History of the Province of Louisiana and the Territory of Orleans. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Provincial Press. OCLC 35289153.
• Harper, John N. (1993). Mother Church of Acadiana: The History of the St. Landry Catholic Church in Opelousas, Louisiana. Rayne, Louisiana: Hebert Publications.
  OCLC 28717087
  .

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Opelousas, Louisiana.

• Official website