Oyster sauce

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Oyster sauce
Hán-Nôm
油蠔
Thai name
Thaiซอสหอยนางรม
RTGSsot-hoi-nang-rom
Malay name
Malaysos tiram
Indonesian name
Indonesiansaus tiram
Khmer name
Khmerទឹកប្រេងខ្យង (tɨk preeng khyɑɑng)

Oyster sauce describes a number of sauces made by cooking

corn starch
(though original oyster sauce reduced the unrefined sugar through heating, resulting in a naturally thick sauce due to caramelization, not the addition of corn starch).

Today, some commercial versions are darkened with

Khmer cuisine
.

Production

Oyster sauce production began in China no later than the mid-1870s. Oysters were boiled in three iron basins for half an hour, then removed for drying on rattan either by sun or over a moderate fire. The water from the basins was reduced in a fourth basin to "a blackish sauce". Seawater, salt and/or soy could be added.[5]

Today, most oyster sauce is produced commercially on automated production lines. Many shortcuts have been made to create a similar flavor more quickly and at reduced cost. Oyster sauces today are usually made with a base of sugar and salt and thickened with corn starch. Oyster extracts or essences are then used to give flavor to the base sauce. Other ingredients, such as soy sauce and monosodium glutamate, may also be added to deepen the flavor and add color. The quality of the oyster sauce will greatly affect the flavor.

Culinary use

Kepiting saus tiram, Chinese-Indonesian crab in oyster sauce

Oyster sauce adds a savory flavor to many meat and vegetable dishes. The sauce is a staple for much Chinese family-style cooking. It is commonly used in noodle stir-fries, such as chow mein. It is also found in popular Chinese-American dishes such as beef with stir-fried vegetables. Oyster sauce can also be used as a topping for some dishes.

Since its early stage of development, oyster sauce has been widely popular with Cantonese chefs as a traditional umami rich condiment.

Applications are no longer restricted to Cantonese cuisine. Be it the well-balanced Shandong cuisine, the spicy hot Sichuanese cuisine, or the seafood and red stewing-dominated Jiangsu and Zhejiang cuisine, oyster sauce enhances flavor. It brings out the umami flavor.

Dishes that may use oyster sauce include

daikon cake
.

Difference from fish sauce

While oyster sauce and fish sauce are both briny and may have related histories, they are different products. Fish sauce is watery, clear, and salty, whereas oyster sauce is made by reducing oyster extracts and therefore sweeter with a hint of salt and not as strong an aroma as fish sauce.[6]

Varieties

"True" oyster sauce of good quality should be made by condensing oyster extracts, the white broth produced by boiling oysters in water. This

salt
, should be added to the sauce, since the oysters should provide all the savory flavor. However, this method is prohibitively expensive.

Many modern oyster sauces are thickened with

caramel.[4]

Vegetarian oyster sauce

Vegetarian oyster sauce prepared from

taste enhancers
if less mushroom extract is used to reduce costs.

Non-MSG oyster sauce

Most of the oyster sauces available on the market contain added monosodium glutamate (MSG). In recent years MSG-free varieties can also be found.[9]

European oyster sauce

In 19th-century French and English cooking, "oyster sauce" referred to a variant of

sauce blanche flavored with oysters, using a base of milk and melted butter rather than purely reducing the oysters by cooking.[10][11] The white sauce version was moistened with cream, whereas in brown oyster sauce, the cream was replaced with gravy.[12] Common recipes using the sauce included "Steak and oyster sauce", documented as early as 1806,[13][14][15][16] and "Cod and oyster sauce".[17]
This sauce was still being eaten in Australia in the 1970s.

Health issues

In 2001, the United Kingdom Food Standards Agency found in tests of various oyster sauces and soy sauces that 22% of samples contained a chemical called 3-MCPD (3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol) at levels considerably higher than those deemed safe by the European Union. About two-thirds of these samples also contained a second chemical, called 1,3-DCP (1,3-dichloropropanol), which experts advise should not be present at any levels in food. Both chemicals have the potential to cause cancer, and the Agency recommended that the affected products be withdrawn from shelves and avoided.[18][19]

The joint Australia New Zealand Food Authority (ANZFA) said it had taken emergency action to amend its food standards code to set a limit for 3-MCPD in soy sauce of 0.02 milligrams per kilogram, in line with European Commission standards that came into force in the EU in April 2002.

See also

References

  1. ^ Wing Yip Oyster Sauce Ingredient List:1.3% oyster essence
  2. ^ a b The Times, 22 January 1981; Cook Accidentally on purpose
  3. ^ BBC.co.uk Essence or extract
  4. ^ a b BigOven Food DictionaryOyster sauce
  5. ^ de Thersant, Dabry (1876). "Ostriculture in China". The China Review. Guo jia tu shu guan chu ban she: 40–41. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
  6. ^ "How to Use Fish Sauce". The Spruce Eats. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
  7. ^ "LKK Oyster Sauce Story". home.lkk.com. Archived from the original on 16 October 2006. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  8. ^ "Essence or extract". Archived from the original on 11 March 2010.
  9. ^ "bbc.co.uk".
  10. ^ Mrs Beeton's Household Management, recipe 492 "Oyster Sauce", p. 224 (1861).
  11. ^ Ude, Louis Eustache. The French Cook, p.293, Publisher Carey, Lea & Carey, 1829.
  12. ^ Charles Elmé Francatelli The modern cook T.B. Peterson and Brothers, 1846
  13. ^ The Ipswich Journal; 4 January 1806; Friday's Post
  14. ^ The Times, 17 August 1815; Mendicity
  15. ^ The Times, 30 March 1831 Police
  16. ^ The Times, 22 October 1835 "On Monday afternoon..."
  17. ^ "Fashions for August" Liverpool Mercury 9 August 1833
  18. ^ "Food.gov.uk press release soysauce".
  19. ^ "Chart with five mentions of affected oyster sauces". Archived from the original on 5 August 2009.