Patricia Locke
Patricia Ann Locke | |
---|---|
Chippewa | |
Other names | Tawacin WasteWin (Compassionate Woman) |
Alma mater | University of California, Los Angeles |
Occupation(s) | Educator and Leader for Native American Religion |
Children | Kevin Locke and Winona Flying Earth |
Patricia A. Locke (Tawacin WasteWin; January 21, 1928 – October 20, 2001) was a
In 1991 she was a
Biography
Early life
Registered as Patricia Ann McGillis,
In 1935, Locke participated in a demonstration of Lakota culture in dance and story telling at a local junior high school with her father and mother.
Indigenous Activism
In 1975 she was the keynote speaker to the Native American Teacher Training Program with a topic "Competency-Based Native American Education".
Patricia Locke spoke out against federal government regulations affecting Indian governments in 1978, supporting the
Patricia Locke was a strong supporter of the revisions to the American Indian Religious Freedom Act in 1994, which was passed by Bill Clinton.[21] These revisions looked at the shortcomings of the American Indian Religious Freedom Act and how to remedy those shortcomings. Peyote, which is often used in indigenous ritual practices, was considered a Schedule One Drug, meaning those in possession of peyote were in violation of the law. This 1994 amendment ensured that peyote could be used for proper religious ritual purposes.[22]
Baháʼí Faith
In August 1988 she joined her son on the Trail of Light expedition of Native American Baháʼís traveling to South America.
During that 1993
One hundred years ago, during the 1893
Parliament of World Religions, the profoundly religious Original Peoples of the Western Hemisphere were not invited. We are still here and still struggling to be heard for the sake of our Mother Earth and our children. Our spiritual and physical survival continues to be threatened all over the hemisphere, we feel compelled to ask you to join us in restoring the balances of humanity and Mother Earth in these ways:
- Acknowledgement of the myriad of messengers of the Creator, the Great Mystery, to the peoples of the Western Hemisphere.
- Support in promoting, preserving and maintaining our Indigenous languages and cultures.[30]
The resolution was initially adopted by a near-unanimous vote by the delegates yet was ultimately nullified by Dr. David Ramage Jr., the Chair of the Council Parliament at that time, who overruled the vote because of a conflict over the Inter caetera Bull and the basic roll of the Parliament to discuss rather than take action.[31] The main issue indigenous groups had with the Inter caetera Bull was that it advocated for Christian subjugation of Native peoples and their land.[32] While the 1993 Parliament of Religions showed increased religious and cultural diversity compared to the previous conference in 1893, the representation of religions was still male-dominated, and a refusal to denounce the Inter caetera Bull upset many of the indigenous attendees.[33]
In 1994 she returned in support of the
Locke died while in Phoenix, Arizona, on October 20, 2001, of heart-failure[1] and was buried in nearby Paradise Valley, Arizona.[2] Her grandson, Anpao Duta Flying Earth, continues her work in indigenous language revitalization efforts and service to the community of Native Americans.[36] Since 2016, Anpao Duta Flying Earth has served as the Head of School at the Native American Community Academy (NACA) located in New Mexico. In 2019, he became the acting director of NACA.[37]
Awards
In 1991, Patricia Locke received the MacArthur Genius Grant for her work in the preservation of Native American languages. At the time Locke received this award, she was the only indigenous woman of North America to ever receive this honor.[38] Artist Hollis Sigler collaborated with Patricia Locke from 1998 to 1999 to create a piece titled 20 Years of Joy.[39] On October 13, 2001, just one week before Patricia Locke passed away, she and her son Kevin Locke received the "Those Who Make a Difference" award presented by the Indigenous Language Institute (ILI).[5] Kevin Locke was recognized as an accomplished storyteller and hoop dancer who worked to preserve the Lakota tradition alongside his mother.[5]
After Patricia Locke's passing, in 2005, she was inducted into the Nation Women's Hall of Fame. The award recognized her work as an educator and Lakota language expert, as well as her work in the creation of numerous colleges that were run entirely by Lakota tribes. The National Women's Hall of Fame also highlighted her accomplishments working on committees such as the World Assembly of First Nations in 1982 and the Indigenous Women's Caucus in 1985.[20]
In 2014, the National Race Amity Conference honored Patricia Locke with the Medal of Honor.[40][41] Before this award, Locke had been a National Race Amity Conference honoree, but it was not until her passing that she received the Medal of Honor.[40]
Jacqueline Left Hand Bull said of her: "... Tawacin Wastewin chose to follow a life path of service to her people, who at first were American Indians, grew to include all indigenous people, and by the end of her remarkable life, had grown to include all of her human family. ... In both personal matters and through interaction with the world around her, she began to tread a path that insisted upon justice. To obtain justice, she understood that power was needed, and soon it became clear that true power is spiritual, not material. ...[5]"
In 2011 John Kolstoe published a biography Compassionate Woman: The Life and Legacy of Patricia Locke.[18] His book shows both the professional accomplishments of Locke as well as her personal connections to her family.[18]
The Patricia Locke Foundation
In 2018, Kevin Locke created the Patricia Locke Foundation, which aims to educate indigenous peoples and children in the importance of their ancestral languages and spiritual connections.[13] The Patricia Locke Foundation also works to support business led by Native Women, as well as provide legal support for indigenous peoples when necessary.[42] This organization seeks to invest in younger generations who they believe will shape the future and pass on indigenous traditions to future generations.[42]
See also
References
- ^ a b c d Sedensky, Matt (9 November 2001). "Patricia Locke, 73, Champion of American Indians". The New York Times. New York. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
- ^ a b c d Oliver, Myrna (3 November 2001). "Patricia Locke, 73; Helped 17 Tribes Start Indian Colleges". Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles, California.
- ^ Connie Cone Sexton (9 December 2001). "Late Indian activist helped teach tribes". The Arizona Republic. Archived from the original on 22 February 2002. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
- ^ a b Woodard, Stephanie (12 February 2012). "Compassionate Woman: Biography of Activist Patricia Locke". Indian Country Today. Archived from the original on 15 February 2012. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
- ^ a b c d "Patricia Locke" (PDF). Native Language Network. Santa Fe, New Mexico: Indigenous Language Institute. Spring 2002. pp. 7–8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
- ^ "Indian exhibit at school here". The Ogden Standard-Examiner. Ogden, Utah. 2 November 1935. p. 2. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
- ^ "Patricia A. Locke (1928 - 2001)". Women of the Hall. National Women's Hall of Fame. 2005. Archived from the original on 5 January 2008. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
- ^ Reminiscences of Patricia Locke, Chippewa General (Open Library)
- ^ Library of Congress LCCN Permalink 85113409
- ^ *"Says Indians want to solve own problems". Gazette-Telegraph. Colorado Springs, Colorado. 2 February 1970. p. 25. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
- "More or less personal". Evening Journal. Lincoln, Nebraska. 4 February 1970. p. 4. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
- ^ "later Baha'i Patricia Locke interviewed". Colorado Springs Gazette-Telegraph. 2 February 1970. p. 25. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
- ^ "Hoop dancing and world citizenship: meet Kevin Locke". One Country. 8 (2). Baháʼí International Community. September 1996. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
- ^ a b "Our Team". Patricia Locke Foundation. Retrieved 22 November 2020.
- ^ "Native American Directors to confer". The Post-Standard. Syracuse, New York. 2 May 1975. p. 36. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
- ^ "Carter spoke with forked tongue: Indians". The Pantagraph. Bloomington, Illinois. 18 July 1978. p. 1. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
- ^ "42 U.S. Code § 1996 - Protection and preservation of traditional religions of Native Americans". LII / Legal Information Institute. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
- ^ "Patricia Ann Locke – Bahai Chronicles". Retrieved 17 October 2020.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-931847-85-8.
- ^ a b Blouin, Michael (23 February 1978). "H.R.11104 - 95th Congress (1977-1978): Tribally Controlled Community College Assistance Act". www.congress.gov. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
- ^ a b "Locke, Patricia A." National Women’s Hall of Fame. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
- ^ "American Indian Religious Freedom Act Amendments of 1994 (1994 - H.R. 4230)". GovTrack.us. Retrieved 18 October 2020.
- ^ Richardson, Bill (6 October 1994). "Text - H.R.4230 - 103rd Congress (1993-1994): American Indian Religious Freedom Act Amendments of 1994". www.congress.gov. Retrieved 18 October 2020.
- ^ Jacqueline Left Hand Bull (July 1989). "'Trail of Light' in Peru, Bolivia". Baháʼí News. Vol. 12, no. 699. pp. 2–9. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
- ^ "Bahá'í News Archive". bahai-news.info. Retrieved 18 October 2020.
- ^ a b "Patricia Locke: an American Indian hero". National Spiritual Assembly of the Baha'is of the United States. 28 June 2006. Archived from the original on 28 December 2010. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
- ^ Locke, Patricia (1989). "The Return of the "White Buffalo Calf Woman": Prophecy of the Lakota". Newspaper articles archive: 1970-1995. National Spiritual Assembly of the Baháʼís of the United States. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
- ISBN 978-0-8165-2148-7.
- ^ Fox, Sandra J. (1999). "Student Assessment in Indian Education; or What Is a Roach ?" (PDF). Next Steps: Research and Practice To Advance Indian Education. ERIC. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
- ISBN 9780878086085.
- ISSN 1177-8547. Retrieved 9 November 2012.
- ^ Taliman, Valerie (September 1993). "Parliament's chair nullifies "Vision" as delegates leave". News From Indian Country. Archived from the original on 30 August 2008. Retrieved 9 November 2012.
- ^ "NATIVE-L (October 1993): Declaration of Vision/Parliament of World's Religions". 30 August 2008. Archived from the original on 30 August 2008. Retrieved 18 October 2020.
- ^ Arthen, Andras Corban. "EarthSpirit at the Parliament of the World's Religions". parliamentofreligions.org. Retrieved 18 October 2020.
- ^ "Equality, Development, and Peace: Baháʼís and the United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women". Baháʼí International Community. 1996. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
- ^ "Complete List of Chair Publications". Baháʼí Chair for World Peace, University of Maryland. 2001. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
- ^ "NACA Fellowship Team". Native American Community Academy. 2014. Retrieved 17 January 2015.
- ^ "Anpao Duta Flying Earth" (PDF). 2016. Retrieved 18 October 2020.
- ^ "Pressing on to Meet the Dawn: Patricia Locke". bahaiteachings.org/. 18 August 2019. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
- ^ "Hollis Sigler, "20 Years of Joy (Collaboration with Patricia Locke)" (1998-99)". PAFA - Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. 28 December 2014. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
- ^ a b "Who is Patricia Locke?". Patricia Locke Foundation. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
- ^ "2014 Medal of Honor Recipient: Patricia Locke". YouTube. 16 January 2015. Archived from the original on 15 December 2021. Retrieved 17 October 2020.
- ^ a b "What We Do". Patricia Locke Foundation. Retrieved 22 November 2020.