Elizabeth Ann Seton
Episcopal Church (United States) | |
---|---|
Beatified | March 17, 1963, by Pope John XXIII |
Canonized | September 14, 1975, by Pope Paul VI |
Major shrine | National Shrine of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton, Emmitsburg, Maryland (where her remains are entombed); Shrine of St. Elizabeth Ann Bayley Seton at 9 State Street in New York City (site of her former residence) |
Feast | January 4 |
Patronage | Catholic Schools; widows; Shreveport, Louisiana; and the State of Maryland; Catholic converts; |
Elizabeth Ann Bayley Seton
Seton established the first Catholic girls' school in the nation in Emmitsburg, Maryland. There she also founded the first American congregation of religious sisters, the Sisters of Charity.
After her death, Seton was the first person born in what would become the United States to be canonized by the Catholic Church (September 14, 1975).[1][2][3]
Biography
Early life
Elizabeth Ann Bayley was born on August 28, 1774, the second child of a socially prominent couple, surgeon
As Chief
Elizabeth's mother Catherine was the daughter of a
Her mother, Catherine, died in 1777 when Elizabeth was three years old, possibly due to complications from the birth of her namesake daughter Catherine. The infant died early the following year. Elizabeth's father married Charlotte Amelia Barclay, a member of the Jacobus James Roosevelt family,[4] to provide a mother for his two surviving daughters. The new Mrs. Bayley participated in her church's social ministry and often took young Elizabeth with her on charitable rounds. They visited the poor in their homes to distribute food and needed items.
The couple had five children, but the marriage ended in separation. During the breakup, their stepmother rejected Elizabeth and her older sister. When their father traveled to London for further medical studies, the sisters lived temporarily in New Rochelle with their paternal uncle, William Bayley, and his wife, Sarah (Pell) Bayley. Elizabeth endured a time of darkness, grieving the absence of a second mother, as she later reflected in her journals.
In these journals, Elizabeth showed her love for nature, poetry, and music, especially the piano. Other entries expressed her religious aspirations and favorite passages from her reading, showing her introspection and natural bent toward contemplation. Elizabeth was fluent in French and English, a fine musician, and an accomplished horsewoman.[7]
Marriage and motherhood
On January 25, 1794, at age 19, Elizabeth married William Magee Seton, aged 25, a wealthy businessman in the import trade. Samuel Provoost, the first Episcopal bishop of New York, presided at their wedding.[8] Her husband's father, William Seton (1746–1798), belonged to an impoverished noble Scottish family. He had emigrated to New York in 1758, and became superintendent and part-owner of the iron-works of Ringwood, New Jersey. A loyalist, the senior William Seton was the last royal public notary for the city and province of New York.
He brought his sons William (Elizabeth's future husband) and James into the import-export mercantile firm, the William Seton Company, which became Seton, Maitland, and Company in 1793. The younger William had visited important counting houses in Europe in 1788, was a friend of Filippo Filicchi (a renowned merchant in Leghorn, Italy, with whom his firm traded), and brought the first Stradivarius violin to America.[5]
Marriage and family
Shortly after they married, Elizabeth and William Seton moved into a fashionable residence on Wall Street. Socially prominent in New York society, the Setons belonged to
When the elder William Seton died, the Seton family fortunes waned during the volatile economic climate preceding the War of 1812, when the US boycotted trade with Great Britain. The couple took in William's six younger siblings, ages seventeen to seven.
The couple already had their own five children: Anna Maria (Annina) (1795–1812), William II (1796–1868), Richard Seton (1798–1823), Catherine (1800–1891) (who was to become the first American to join the Sisters of Mercy) and Rebecca Mary (1802–1816). The much expanded family required a move to the larger Seton family residence.[5]
Widowhood and conversion to Catholicism
A dispute between the United States of America and the French Republic from 1798 to 1800 led to a series of attacks on American shipping. The United Kingdom's blockade of France, and the loss of several of Seton's ships at sea, resulting in William having to declare bankruptcy. The Setons lost their home at 61 Stone Street in lower Manhattan.[8]
The following summer, Elizabeth and the children stayed with her father, who was still the health officer for the Port of New York on Staten Island.[7] From 1801 to 1803, they lived in a house at 8 State Street. This site is now occupied by the Church of Our Lady of the Most Holy Rosary (built in 1964).
Through most of their married life, William Seton suffered from tuberculosis. The stress worsened his illness; his doctors sent him to Italy for the warmer climate, with Elizabeth and their eldest daughter as his companions. Upon landing at the port of Leghorn, they were held in quarantine for a month, as authorities feared they might have brought yellow fever from New York. William died there on December 27, 1803.,[6] He was buried in the Old English Cemetery in Livorno/Leghorn. Elizabeth and her daughter Anna Maria were received by the families of her late husband's Italian business partners, Filippo and Antonio Filicchi, who introduced her to Catholicism.
After returning to New York, the widow Seton was received into the Catholic Church on March 14, 1805, by Father Matthew O'Brien,
To support herself and her children, Seton had started an academy for young ladies, as was common for widows of social standing in that period. After news of her conversion to Catholicism spread, most parents (who were Protestant) withdrew their daughters from her school. In 1807, students attending a local Protestant Academy were boarded at her house on Stuyvesant Lane in the Bowery, near St. Mark's Church.[10]
Seton was about to move to Quebec, Canada, which had numerous French-speaking Catholics, when she met a visiting priest, Father
Founder
In 1809, the widow Seton accepted the Sulpicians' invitation and moved to
On July 31, 1809, Seton established a religious community in Emmitsburg dedicated to the care of children of the poor. This was the first congregation of religious sisters founded in the United States, and its school was the first free Catholic school in America. This modest beginning marked the start of the Catholic parochial school system in the United States.[11] Seton's congregation was initially called the Sisters of Charity of St. Joseph's. From that point on, she became known as "Mother Seton." In 1811, the sisters adopted the rules of the Daughters of Charity, co-founded in France by Vincent de Paul and Louise de Marillac.
Later life and death
The remainder of Seton's life was spent leading and developing the new congregation of sisters. Seton was described as a charming and cultured lady. Her connections to New York society and the accompanying social pressures to leave the new life she had created for herself did not deter her from embracing her religious vocation and charitable mission. The most significant difficulties she faced were internal, stemming from misunderstandings, interpersonal conflicts, and the deaths of two daughters, other loved ones, and young sisters in the community.
Elizabeth Ann Seton died on January 4, 1821, at the age of 46. Today, her remains are interred in the
Legacy
By 1830, the Sisters of Charity of St. Joseph's were running orphanages and schools as far west as
Seton originally intended to join the
Today, six separate religious congregations trace their roots to the beginnings of the Sisters of Charity in Emmitsburg. In addition to the original community of Sisters at Emmitsburg (now part of the Vincentian order), they are based in
Elizabeth Ann Seton has also been inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame.[17]
Canonization
Theologians approved Seton's spiritual writings on January 15, 1936, and her cause was formally opened on February 28, 1940, granting her the title of Servant of God.[18] In 1952, a miracle involving the healing of 4-year-old Ann O'Neil from leukemia was attributed to the intercession of Seton after a nun prayed for the girl to Seton. The miracle was a factor in the beatification of Seton and Seton was beatified by Pope John XXIII on March 17, 1963. The pope said on the occasion, "In a house that was very small, but with ample space for charity, she sowed a seed in America which by Divine Grace grew into a large tree."[19]
Pope Paul VI canonized Seton on September 14, 1975, in a ceremony in St. Peter's Square. In his words, "Elizabeth Ann Seton is a saint. St. Elizabeth Ann Seton is an American. All of us say this with special joy and with the intention of honoring the land and the nation from which she sprang forth as the first flower in the calendar of the saints. Elizabeth Ann Seton was wholly American! Rejoice for your glorious daughter. Be proud of her. And know how to preserve her fruitful heritage."[1] The miracle which led to the canonization of Seton involved the healing of a man, Carl Kalin, in 1963, who was given hours to live after contracting meningitis and having encephalitis in his brain.
Seton's feast day is January 4, the eleventh day of Christmastide and the anniversary of her death.[20]
Elizabeth Ann Seton is
Eponymous institutions
Hospital
The Daughters of Charity Health Network established Bayley Seton Hospital in 1980 on the site of the former Marine Hospital Service hospital in Stapleton, Staten Island, New York.[23] Most of the property is now the Bayley Seton campus of Richmond University Medical Center, while a portion is used by New York Foundling, a Catholic social services organization.
Schools
Seton High School is a parochial all-female, college-preparatory high school in the Price Hill neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio. Seton was founded as Mount St. Vincent Academy in 1854. It was also known as Cedar Grove Academy. Cedar Grove was renamed in honor of Elizabeth Ann Seton on September 12, 1927.
Mother Seton School in Emmitsburg, Maryland, is a direct descendant of the Saint Joseph's Academy and Free School.[24] It is located less than a mile from the site of the original school and is sponsored by the Daughters of Charity.[25] Mother Seton School is a private elementary school located in Emmitsburg and enrolls 306 students from pre-kindergarten through 8th grade. Mother Seton School is the 84th-largest private school in Maryland and the 3,381st-largest nationally. It has 15 students to every teacher.[26]
In the Philippines, the Elizabeth Seton School in BF Resort Village, Las Piñas was established in 1975, the year of Seton's canonization. It is the largest Catholic school in the city in terms of population.[27]
Seton Hall College (now known as Seton Hall University) in South Orange, New Jersey, was founded in 1856 by Seton's nephew Bishop James Roosevelt Bayley and named after his aunt.[28] As was Seton Hall Preparatory School, an all-boys High School in West Orange, New Jersey, that was formerly associated with the University, but is now independent.
The Seton Hill Schools (now part of Seton Hill University), named for Seton, were founded by the Sisters of Charity in 1885. The university continues to operate in Greensburg, Pennsylvania, under the auspices of the Sisters of Charity of Seton Hill.
Elizabeth Seton High School, an all-girls Catholic school in Bladensburg, Maryland, sponsored by the Daughters of Charity, is named in honor of Seton.
Seton Home Study School (setonhome.org) (Front Royal, Virginia), a Catholic K-12 homeschool, founded in 1983, is named in honor of Seton. It now has over 15,500 students across 54 countries, especially in the Philippines, Canada, and middle east.
Seton Academy (1963–2016) was a high school in South Holland, Illinois.
Seton Catholic High School (1900–2007) was a high school in Pittston, Pennsylvania.[29]
Seton School in Manassas, Virginia is also named for Mother Seton.
Seton Catholic School (K-8) Hudson, Ohio
Seton Catholic School (PreK-8) in Meadville, PA
Niagara University in Lewiston, New York, near Niagara Falls, also has a dormitory building named after her, called Seton Hall.
St. Elizabeth Seton is a K-9 school in Edmonton, Alberta
Seton Catholic College, a high school in Perth, Western Australia, was founded in 1990 upon the merging of De Vialar College and St Brendan's College. With the merge, the school was placed under the patronage of Elizabeth Ann Seton.
Churches
Several Catholic churches are named for Seton. The first parish named in her honor, Blessed Elizabeth Ann Seton, was established in 1963 in Shrub Oak, New York, with a school opening in 1966, staffed by the Sisters of Charity.
Upon her canonization in 1975, St. Elizabeth Ann Seton Catholic Church was established in
As of 2018[update], there are churches in her name in more than 40 states of the United States, plus Canada and Italy.[31]
Buildings
The
Niagara University in Lewiston, New York, near Niagara Falls, also has a dormitory building named after her, called Seton Hall.
Sacred Heart University in Fairfield, Connecticut, has a residence hall named after her, called Elizabeth Ann Seton Hall.
The parish hall at St. James Catholic Church in Gadsden, AL is named Seton Hall in honor of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton.
Charities
Seton Villa, a small charity for providing accommodation for women with disabilities, was established in 1966 by the
See also
References
- ^ a b "The Life of Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton". National Shrine of Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton. January 20, 2016. Retrieved January 5, 2020.
- ^ Rothman, Lily (July 6, 2016). "How Mother Cabrini Became the First American Saint". Time. Retrieved March 4, 2020.
- ^ Frances Xavier Cabrini was the first American citizen to be canonized; she was born in Sant'Angelo Lodigiano, in the Lombard Province of Lodi, Italy (then part of the Austrian Empire).
- ^ a b "Full Biography of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton" (PDF). The National Shrine of Saint Elizabeth Ann Seton. Retrieved January 5, 2020.
- ^ a b c Barkley, Elizabeth Bookser. "Elizabeth Ann Seton: A Profoundly Human Saint" Archived July 30, 2020, at the Wayback Machine, St. Anthony Messenger, Franciscan Media, July 2009.
- ^ a b c "Catholic Encyclopedia: St. Elizabeth Ann Seton". newadvent.org. Retrieved August 17, 2017.
- ^ a b "Biography of St. Elizabeth Ann Seton". St. Elizabeth Ann Seton Roman Catholic Church, Crystal Lake, Illinois. Retrieved January 5, 2020.
- ^ a b "St. Elizabeth Ann Seton". www.emmitsburg.net. Retrieved August 17, 2017.
- ^ a b c McNeil, Betty Ann (September 27, 2009). "St. Elizabeth Ann Seton". Archdiocese of Baltimore. Retrieved January 5, 2020.
- ^ Meehan, Thomas F. Historical Records and Studies, Volume 2, United States Catholic Historical Society, New York, 1901, p. 434.
- ^ a b c "A Short History of the Sisters of Charity". Emmitsburg Area Historical Society. Retrieved March 3, 2014.
- ^ "Our History". Sisters of Charity of New York. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
- ^ "Sisters of Charity of Cincinnati". Vincentian Encyclopedia. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
- ^ O'Gallagher, Marianna (1980). "The Sisters of Charity of Halifax – The Early and Middle Years". Canadian Catholic Historical Association. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
- ^ "Brief History" Archived January 2, 2019, at the Wayback Machine, Sisters of Charity of Saint Elizabeth.
- ^ "Our History", Sisters of Charity of Seton Hill.
- ^ National Women's Hall of Fame, Elizabeth Bayley Seton
- ^ Index ac status causarum beatificationis servorum dei et canonizationis beatorum (in Latin). Typis polyglottis vaticanis. January 1953. p. 62.
- ^ "Seton Coins Are Presented To Prelates". The Gettysburg Times. September 5, 1975. Retrieved January 5, 2020.
- ^ Foley O.F.M., Leonard (revised by Pat McCloskey O.F.M.). "St. Elizabeth Ann Seton", Saint of the Day, Lives, Lessons and Feast, Franciscan Media, 2017.
- ^ "Lesser Feasts and Fasts 2018" (PDF).
- ^ "Elizabeth Ann Seton, Vowed Religious and Educator, 1821". The Episcopal Church. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
- ^ Top 100 Historical Events in Staten Island, Richmond County, NY, from the Staten Island Advance.
- ^ "Appeals and Donations". Mother Seton School, Emmitsburg, Maryland. Archived from the original on July 30, 2020. Retrieved January 5, 2020.
- ^ "About". Mother Seton School, Emmitsburg, Maryland. Archived from the original on July 30, 2020. Retrieved January 5, 2020.
- ^ Mother Seton School in Emmitsburg, MD. Retrieved August 10, 2018.
- ^ "School History". Elizabeth Seton School. Archived from the original on July 12, 2016. Retrieved September 14, 2015.
- ^ Seton Hall University Undergraduate Admissions Viewbook. Seton Hall Publications. July 2, 2013. p. 2 – via issuu.com.
- Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Parish History". St. Elizabeth Ann Seton Catholic Church. Retrieved January 5, 2020.
- ^ "Search Results for "seton"". The Catholic Directory: Helping People Find Mass. TheCatholicDirectory.com. Archived from the original on September 1, 2018. Retrieved September 1, 2018.
- ^ "Seton Villa". Seton Villa website. Retrieved May 14, 2021.
Collected writings
- Bayley Seton, Elizabeth (2000). Bechtle, Regina; Metz, Judith (eds.). Collected Writings. Vol. I: Correspondence and Journals 1793–1808. New York: New City Press. ISBN 1-56548-148-8.
- Bayley Seton, Elizabeth (2002). Bechtle, Regina; Metz, Judith (eds.). Collected Writings. Vol. II: Correspondence and Journals 1808–1820. New York: New City Press. ISBN 1-56548-170-4.
- Bayley Seton, Elizabeth (2006). Bechtle, Regina; Metz, Judith (eds.). Collected Writings. Vol. IIIa: Spiritual Writings, Notebooks, and Other Documents. New York: New City Press. ISBN 1-56548-249-2.
- Bayley Seton, Elizabeth (2006). Bechtle, Regina; Metz, Judith (eds.). Collected Writings. Vol. IIIb: Spiritual Writings, Notebooks, and Other Documents. New York: New City Press. ISBN 1-56548-249-2.
Further reading
- Melville, Annabelle (2009). McNeil, Betty Ann (ed.). Elizabeth Bayley Seton 1774–1821 (revised ed.). Hanover, Pennsylvania: The Sheridan Press. ISBN 978-0-9824936-0-1.
- O'Donnell, Catherine. Elizabeth Seton: American Saint (Cornell University Press, 2018).
- O'Donnell, Catherine. "Elizabeth Seton Transatlantic Cooperation, Spiritual Struggle, and the Early Republican Church", U.S. Catholic Historian 29 (Winter 2011), 1–17.
- White, Charles I. (1953). Mother Seton: mother of many daughters. Emmitsburg, Maryland: Mother Seton Guild.
External links
- Full text of the homily by Pope Paul VI on the occasion of Seton's canonization (September 14, 1975)
- Full text of the homily by Pope John XXIII on the occasion of Seton's beatification (March 17, 1963) (in Italian)
- Prayers to St. Elizabeth Ann Seton
- St. Elizabeth Ann Seton Online Museum (archived January 16, 2014)