Pereiaslav

Pereiaslav Переяслав
City
UTC+3 (EEST)
Zip code	08400–08409
Area code	+380 4567

Pereiaslav

Possessing more than 20 museums, Pereiaslav is often described as a "living museum",[3] and was granted the status of History and Ethnography Reserve [uk].

Etymology

Current name

The current name is implemented by the Verkhovna Rada on 30 September 2019 to reinstate its historical name.

The name of Pereiaslav in other languages are:

• Ukrainian: Переяслав, IPA: [pereˈjɑslɐu̯] (also rendered as Pereyaslav)
• romanized
  : Preyaslev
• Russian: Переяслав, romanized: Pereyaslav
• Latin
  : Pereaslavia
• Polish: Perejasław
• Lithuanian: Perejaslav^[4]

Former names

• Pereiaslav (907 – 1943; also known as Pereiaslav-Ruskyi starting from 1152)
• Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi^[5][b] (1943–2019),^[6] 1943 – 29 October 2019

Pereiaslav-Ruskyi

In 1152,

History

Kievan Rus'

Pereiaslav played a significant role in the history of Ukraine. It was mentioned for the first time in the text of a 911

.

.

Lithuania and Poland

During the 14th century, Pereiaslav was annexed by the

of Poland.

Cossack Hetmanate

During the second half of the 16th century Pereiaslav became a

in 1667, Pereiaslav became part of Russia.

Soviet museum center

During

Until 18 July 2020, Pereiaslav was incorporated as a city of oblast significance and served as the administrative center of Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi Raion, even though it did not belong to the raion. In July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Kyiv Oblast to seven, the city of Pereiaslav was merged into Boryspil Raion.^[9][10]

Population

Language

Distribution of the population by native language according to the 2001 census:^[11]

Language	Percentage
Ukrainian	95.89%
Russian	3.61%
other/undecided	0.5%

Jewish community

The first mention of the Jewish community of Pereiaslav dates to 1620, when the townspeople complained to King Sigismund of the growing number and influence of Jews in Pereiaslav. Denying Jews the right to keep breweries, malt-houses and distilleries, having already prohibited them to engage in farming, the King ordered his commissioners to consider the other rights of Jews. Three years later, an agreement was signed allowing the Jews to enjoy all of the rights and liberties of urban citizens. This agreement was confirmed by King Sigismund.^{[citation needed]}

Pereiaslav Jews were among the first to be killed during the first Khmelnytskyi uprising. Chronicler Nathan Hannover writes: "And a lot of holy communities, based not far from the place of battle and unable to flee, like the holy communities of Pereiaslav, Baryshivka, Pyryatin, Borispil, Lubny, Lokhvitsa and the surrounding communities, died as martyrs of various cruel and heinous kinds of slaughter..." («Yeven metsula», p. 94). Another chronicler, Rabbi Meir of Schebrzheschina, provides a detailed story: «The sacred community of Pereiaslav had drunk from the cup of bitterness several times; perplexed Jews fled to the sacred community of Borisovka (NB. probably Baryshivka). But the rebels also came there and slaughtered many Jews including infants. The local non-Jews pitied those who survived and brought them back to Pereiaslav, where they remained locked up like prisoners in their homes, because they were afraid to be seen by the rebels. At night they did not know what the morning would bring, and in the morning - what the evening promised».

Famous Yiddish author

was born in Pereiaslav in 1859. He spent his childhood in the town of Voronkiv, but when the family became impoverished he returned to Pereiaslav, where he studied at the Russian gymnasium until 1876. In 1879 he again returned to Pereiaslav for several years. The town is described in detail in his autobiographical prose. In the town's 'ethnographic reserve', there is a museum dedicated to him. Additional Comments: ...After the 1654 Pereiaslav Council, the remnants of the Pereiaslav Jewish community became patronized by Russia. The left-bank Jews were allowed to stay in their homes, but the townspeople of Pereiaslav presented to Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich the law of 1620 limiting the rights of Jews, which was confirmed by the Tsar. Information about Pereiaslav Jews disappears from the same year 1654.

A new community developed during the late 18th century. According to the tax books of 1801, there were 5 Christian merchants, no Jewish merchants; 844 Christian townspeople and 66 Jewish townspeople. According to the audit of 1847 there was only one "Pereiaslavskoe' Jewish community in the district, consisting of 1,519 people. According to the census of 1897, there were 185,000 inhabitants in the district, among them 9,857 Jews, including in Pereiaslav - 14,614 residents, of whom 5,754 were Jews. In 1910, three Jewish schools operated in Pereiaslav: first grade primary boys school, a private boys school, and a Talmud-Torah. At the end of the 19th century, the synagogue was built, it survived the war and has preserved until now – the factory of woven products named after B. Khmelnitsky is operating there.

On 30 June – 2 July 1881 there was a pogrom against the Jews in Pereiaslav. Among the victims were Jews who had fled here after the Kyiv pogrom. From Pereiaslav, the unrest spread to the surrounding areas. In June 1919, Ataman Zeleniy arranged a pogrom in Pereiaslav and 20 people were killed. By 1921, a Jewish 'self-defense' organisation had been founded in Pereiaslav. In 1926, the Jewish community was flourishing despite the persecution and there were 3,590 Jews in Pereiaslav.

During autumn 1941, on the outskirts of the city (the present territory of the Altitsky cemetery), 800 Jewish residents of Pereiaslav were shot. According to elderly residents, the exact date of the shooting was 4–5 November, however, the memorial plate indicates a different date – 6–8 October. On 19 May 1943, after a raid, 7 more Jewish women and 1 man were shot, and buried in the Altitsky cemetery.

The current Jewish population of Pereiaslav numbers fewer than 100.^[citation needed] The community office is located in the building of the former synagogue.

Economy

There is a major

.

Education

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2024)

Universities

Established in 1986 as a Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi branch of the Kyiv State Pedagogical Institute, HSUP continued the ancient educational traditions of Pereiaslav.

The roots of the University go back to the first half of the 18th century, namely, to 2.10.1738, when a collegium was founded in Pereiaslav. In 1808, after the reform of religious education institutions, Pereiaslav Collegium was reorganized into a seminary, which continued the educational traditions of the region, including teacher training. By the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine No. 949 of November 24, 1993, Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi State Pedagogical Institute was established on the basis of the Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi branch of the Drahomanov Ukrainian State Pedagogical University, named after H. S. Skovoroda in 1994 and recognized as accredited at the III level of accreditation by the decision of the State Accreditation Commission in 2000.

In 2002 by a decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi Hryhorii Skovoroda State Pedagogical University was established on the basis of the Institute.

In 2004 and 2010, University was accredited at the IV level, in 2005 it was renamed to SHEI “Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi Hryhorii Skovoroda State Pedagogical University”, and on July 14, 2021, due to the previous renaming of the city and in order to simplify the name of the institution in the established European tradition of naming higher education institutions, it received a new official name - Hryhorii Skovoroda University in Pereiaslav.[13]

Landmarks

The most significant landmarks of Pereiaslav are:

• Museum of Folk Architecture and Household Traditions in Middle Naddnipryanschina, presenting the architecture and traditions of
  Cossack
  Glory, Museum of Trypillya Culture, Museum of Ukrainian Traditional Dress, etc.
• Excavated ruins of buildings from the 10–11th centuries.
• St. Michael's Church (1646–66).
• Ascension Monastery (with the Cathedral built in 1695–1700).

International relations

Twin towns – Sister cities

Pereiaslav is

• Mariupol, Ukraine
• Mtskheta, Georgia
• Paide, Estonia
• Kočani, North Macedonia

Notable people

• Pavlo Teteria (1620s–1670), Ukrainian Hetman
• Babyshkin Oleh Kindratovych [uk] (1918-1991), Ukrainian literary scholar and art historian, Doctor of Philology
• Sholem Aleichem (1859–1916), Jewish-Ukrainian Yiddish writer and playwright
• Meir Blinken (1879–1915), Jewish-American writer
• Mekh Lyudmyla Hryhorivna [uk] (born 1951), Ukrainian journalist
• Kholodnyi Petro Ivanovych [uk] (1875-1930), Ukrainian statesman, public figure, member of the Ukrainian Central Rada, Minister of Public Education of the Ukrainian People's Republic, artist, chemist. He was an impressionist painter with a penchant for lyricism and a neo-Visantist, a painter, monumentalist, graphic artist, designer of applied art, and teacher
• Hanna Knyazyeva-Minenko (born 1989), Ukrainian and Israeli triple jumper and long jumper
• Louise Nevelson (1899–1988), American sculptor

Gallery

• 
  Collegium
• 
  Museum of kobzar craft
• 
  Church of St. George
• 
  Replica of an 11th-century Kievan Rus' house in the Museum of Folk Architecture and Household Traditions
• 
  An old post office in the Museum of Folk Architecture and Household Traditions
• 
  The Rushnyk Museum, in the Museum of Folk Architecture and Household Traditions
• 
  Ascension Cathedral
• 
  A church in the Old Town of Pereiaslav
• 
  Church of the Intercession

Notes

References