Philippinite

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Philippinite from Malaguit, Paracale, Philippines. The specimen weighs 73g and is about 56 mm wide

Philippinites, or rizalites are tektites found in the Philippines. They are considered to be about 710,000 years old on the average[1] and generally ranging in size from millimeters to centimeters.[2] Their age corresponds with the age of other tektites in the Australian strewn tektite field.[1] In 1964, a very large philippinite, weighing 226.3 grams (0.499 pounds) with dimensions 6.5 x 6.2 x 5.2 cm, was purchased by the University of California, Los Angeles Department of Astronomy.[3][4] The heaviest philippinite ever found weighs 1,281.89 grams (2.8261 pounds) in its splash-form[Note 1], which is also the heaviest tektite of this kind.[5]

Etymology

The term rizalite was named after the

Bicol region and the town of Anda in the province of Pangasinan.[6][7] Some early authors referred to Philippine tektites as "obsidianites" but that too has fallen out of use due to the introduction of the term philippinite by succeeding authors.[8]

Uses

In

ancient Philippines, tektites were used by early settlers in the Philippines as arrowheads and other tools[3] as well as decorative purposes.[1] During the Philippine Iron Age, due to the polish features of philippinites found in graves, it was evidenced that philippinites were used as amulets or charms.[3][8] In modern times, it is generally used as a collector's item.[2]

Composition

The following table details the chemical composition of philippinite:[3]

Oxides Content
(in weight percentage) 		Number of
determinations
SiO2 70.66-71.64 4
TiO2 0.63-1.04 4
Al2O3 12.08-13.52 4
Fe2O3 0.59-2.03 3
FeO 3.03-5.32 4
MnO 0.08-0.16 4
CaO 2.95-3.42 4
MgO 2.23-3.65 4
Na2O 1.21-1.66 4
K2O 1.69-2.28 4
H2O+ 0.15-0.63 4
H2O− Traces 1
P2O5 0.10-0.18 3

Notes

  1. meteorite impact, scattering them to a distance up to thousands of kilometers.[10]

References

  1. ^ a b c "Tektites". www.nationalmuseum.gov.ph. National Museum of the Philippines. February 10, 2014. Retrieved 2019-02-06.
  2. ^ a b "Philippinites: Rizalites, Bikolites & Andas!!!". www.tektitesource.com. Retrieved 2019-02-06.
  3. ^
    National Aeronautics and Space Administration. pp. 49–50. Archived
    (PDF) from the original on April 19, 2021. Retrieved 6 February 2019.
  4. ^ Leonard, F. C. (1955). "A Large Tektite from the Philippines". Meteoritics. 1 (3): 357.
  5. ^ "Largest Tektites - TEKTITES". www.tektites.co.uk. Retrieved 2019-02-06.
  6. ^ a b Lehrman, Norm (September 1, 2018). "Norm's Tektite Teasers: (Part two of three): Philippinites: The Classics". Meteorite Times Magazine. Retrieved 2019-02-06.
  7. ^ Whymark, Aubrey (2017). "TEKTITES INFO - Local Tektite Names". www.tektites.info. Retrieved 2019-02-06.
  8. ^ a b Baker, George (1 July 1959). "Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria - TEKTITES" (PDF). Museums Victoria. pp. 13, 187. Retrieved 6 February 2019.
  9. Encyclopedia Britannica
    . Retrieved 2019-02-07.
  10. doi:10.1017/s0022112010005641
    .
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