Portal:Linux

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Tux the penguin, the mascot of Linux

GPL
license.

Linux is one of the most prominent examples of free and open-source

general-purpose operating systems. (Full article...
)

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  • Image 1 Canonical Ltd. is a privately held computer software company based in London, England. It was founded and funded by South African entrepreneur Mark Shuttleworth to market commercial support and related services for Ubuntu and related projects. Canonical employs staff in more than 70 countries and maintains offices in London, Austin, Boston, Shanghai, Beijing, Taipei, Tokyo and the Isle of Man. (Full article...)
    Ubuntu and related projects. Canonical employs staff in more than 70 countries and maintains offices in London, Austin, Boston, Shanghai, Beijing, Taipei, Tokyo and the Isle of Man. (Full article...
    )
  • Image 2 Tux, mascot of the Linux Kernel Since the 1990s, there has been an ongoing debate whether computer operating systems that use GNU software and the Linux kernel should be referred to as "GNU/Linux" or "Linux" systems. Proponents of the term Linux argue that it is far more commonly used by the public and media and that it serves as a generic term for systems that combine that kernel with software from multiple other sources, while proponents of the term GNU/Linux note that GNU alone would be just as good a name for GNU variants which combine the GNU operating system software with software from other sources. (Full article...)

    GNU operating system software with software from other sources. (Full article...
    )
  • Image 3 Fedora Linux is a Linux distribution developed by the Fedora Project. It was originally developed in 2003 as a continuation of the Red Hat Linux project. It contains software distributed under various free and open-source licenses and aims to be on the leading edge of open-source technologies. It is now the upstream source for CentOS Stream and Red Hat Enterprise Linux. Since the release of Fedora 21 in December 2014, three editions have been made available: personal computer, server and cloud computing. This was expanded to five editions for containerization and Internet of Things (IoT) as of the release of Fedora 37 in November 2022. A new version of Fedora Linux is released every six months. (Full article...)
    Internet of Things (IoT) as of the release of Fedora 37 in November 2022. A new version of Fedora Linux is released every six months. (Full article...
    )
  • Image 4 Linux adoption is the adoption of Linux-based computer operating systems (OSes) by households, nonprofit organizations, businesses, and governments. Android, which runs on Linux, is the world's most widely used computer operating system. As of October 2024[update], Android has 45% of the global operating system market followed by Windows with 26%. (Full article...)
    adoption of Linux-based computer operating systems (OSes) by households, nonprofit organizations, businesses, and governments.

    Android, which runs on Linux, is the world's most widely used computer operating system. As of October 2024, Android has 45% of the global operating system market followed by Windows with 26%. (Full article...
    )
  • Image 5 In software development, Linus's law is the assertion that "given enough eyeballs, all bugs are shallow". The law was formulated by Eric S. Raymond in his essay and book The Cathedral and the Bazaar (1999), and was named in honor of Linus Torvalds. A more formal statement is: "Given a large enough beta-tester and co-developer base, almost every problem will be characterized quickly and the fix obvious to someone." Presenting the code to multiple developers with the purpose of reaching consensus about its acceptance is a simple form of software reviewing. Researchers and practitioners have repeatedly shown the effectiveness of reviewing processes in finding bugs and security issues. (Full article...)
    In
    beta-tester and co-developer base, almost every problem will be characterized quickly and the fix obvious to someone." Presenting the code to multiple developers with the purpose of reaching consensus about its acceptance is a simple form of software reviewing. Researchers and practitioners have repeatedly shown the effectiveness of reviewing processes in finding bugs and security issues. (Full article...
    )
  • Image 6 Knoppix, stylized KNOPPIX (/ˈknɒpɪks/ KNOP-iks), is an operating system based on Debian designed to be run directly from a CD or DVD (Live CD) or a USB flash drive (Live USB). It was first released in 2000 by German Linux consultant Klaus Knopper, and was one of the first popular live distributions. Knoppix is loaded from the removable medium and decompressed into a RAM drive. The decompression is transparent and on-the-fly. There are two main editions, available in both English and German: the traditional compact-disc (700 megabytes) edition and the DVD (4.7 gigabytes) "Maxi" edition. (Full article...)
    transparent and on-the-fly.

    There are two main editions, available in both English and German: the traditional compact-disc (700 megabytes) edition and the DVD (4.7 gigabytes) "Maxi" edition. (Full article...
    )
  • Image 7 Puppy Linux FossaPup 9.5 Puppy Linux is a family of light-weight Linux distributions that focus on ease of use and minimal memory footprint. The entire system can be run from random-access memory (RAM) with current versions generally taking up about 600 MB (64-bit), 300 MB (32-bit), allowing the boot medium to be removed after the operating system has started. Applications such as AbiWord, Gnumeric and MPlayer are included, along with a choice of lightweight web browsers and a utility for downloading other packages. The distribution was originally developed by Barry Kauler and other members of the community, until Kauler retired in 2013. The tool Woof can build a Puppy Linux distribution from the binary packages of other Linux distributions. (Full article...)

    Puppy Linux FossaPup 9.5

    Puppy Linux is a family of light-weight Linux distributions that focus on ease of use and minimal memory footprint. The entire system can be run from random-access memory (RAM) with current versions generally taking up about 600 MB (64-bit), 300 MB (32-bit), allowing the boot medium to be removed after the operating system has started. Applications such as AbiWord, Gnumeric and MPlayer are included, along with a choice of lightweight web browsers and a utility for downloading other packages. The distribution was originally developed by Barry Kauler and other members of the community, until Kauler retired in 2013. The tool Woof can build a Puppy Linux distribution from the binary packages of other Linux distributions. (Full article...)
  • Image 8 Linaro Limited is an engineering organization that works on free and open-source software such as the Linux kernel, the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), QEMU, power management, graphics and multimedia interfaces for the ARM family of instruction sets and implementations thereof as well as for the Heterogeneous System Architecture (HSA). The company provides a collaborative engineering forum for companies to share engineering resources and funding to solve common problems on ARM software. In addition to Linaro's collaborative engineering forum, Linaro also works with companies on a one-to-one basis through its Services division. Linaro works on software that is close to the silicon such as kernel, multimedia, power management, graphics and security. The company aims to provide stable, tested tools and code for multiple software distributions to use to reduce low-level fragmentation of embedded Linux software. It also provides engineering and investment in upstream open source projects and support to silicon companies in upstreaming code to be used with their systems-on-a-chip (SoC). Since the 3.10 Linux kernel release, Linaro has consistently been listed in the top ten contributors to the Linux kernel. (Full article...)
    systems-on-a-chip (SoC). Since the 3.10 Linux kernel release, Linaro has consistently been listed in the top ten contributors to the Linux kernel. (Full article...
    )
  • Image 9 The first-generation Nexus 7 tablet running Android, an operating system using the Linux kernel. While Linux-based operating systems are in common use in tablet computers, they are less frequently adopted as desktop computers. The criticism of Linux focuses on issues concerning use of operating systems which use the Linux kernel. While the Linux-based Android operating system dominates the smartphone market in many countries, and Linux is used on the New York Stock Exchange and most supercomputers, it is used in few desktop and laptop computers. Much of the criticism of Linux is related to the lack of desktop and laptop adoption, although as of 2015[update] there has been growing unease with the project's perspective on security and its adoption of systemd has been controversial. (Full article...)
    first-generation Nexus 7 tablet running Android, an operating system using the Linux kernel. While Linux-based operating systems are in common use in tablet computers, they are less frequently adopted as desktop computers.

    The criticism of Linux focuses on issues concerning use of operating systems which use the Linux kernel.

    While the Linux-based Android operating system dominates the smartphone market in many countries, and Linux is used on the New York Stock Exchange and most supercomputers, it is used in few desktop and laptop computers. Much of the criticism of Linux is related to the lack of desktop and laptop adoption, although as of 2015 there has been growing unease with the project's perspective on security and its adoption of systemd has been controversial. (Full article...
    )
  • Image 10 Mandriva Linux 2011 Mandriva Linux (a fusion of the French distribution Mandrake Linux and the Brazilian distribution Conectiva Linux) is a discontinued Linux distribution developed by Mandriva S.A. Each release lifetime was 18 months for base updates (Linux, system software, etc.) and 12 months for desktop updates (window managers, desktop environments, web browsers, etc.). Server products received full updates for at least five years after their release. (Full article...)

    web browsers, etc.). Server products received full updates for at least five years after their release. (Full article...
    )
  • Image 11 Logo The Fedora Project is an independent project to coordinate the development of Fedora Linux, a Linux-based operating system, operating with the mission of creating "an innovative platform for hardware, clouds, and containers that enables software developers and community members to build tailored solutions for their users". The project also oversees Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux, a special interest group which maintains the eponymous packages. The project was founded in 2003 as a result of a merger between the Red Hat Linux (RHL) and Fedora Linux projects. It is sponsored by Red Hat primarily, but its employees make up only 35% of project contributors, and most of the over 2,000 contributors are unaffiliated members of the community. (Full article...)

    Logo

    The Fedora Project is an independent project to coordinate the development of Fedora Linux, a Linux-based operating system, operating with the mission of creating "an innovative platform for hardware, clouds, and containers that enables software developers and community members to build tailored solutions for their users".

    The project also oversees Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux, a special interest group which maintains the eponymous packages. The project was founded in 2003 as a result of a merger between the Red Hat Linux (RHL) and Fedora Linux projects. It is sponsored by Red Hat primarily, but its employees make up only 35% of project contributors, and most of the over 2,000 contributors are unaffiliated members of the community. (Full article...)
  • Image 12 CentOS (/ˈsɛntɒs/, from Community Enterprise Operating System; also known as CentOS Linux) is a discontinued Linux distribution that provided a free and open-source community-supported computing platform, functionally compatible with its upstream source, Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL). In January 2014, CentOS announced the official joining with Red Hat while staying independent from RHEL, under a new CentOS governing board. The first CentOS release in May 2004, numbered as CentOS version 2, was forked from RHEL version 2.1AS. Since version 8, CentOS officially supports the x86-64, ARM64, and POWER8 architectures, and releases up to version 6 also supported the IA-32 architecture. As of December 2015[update], AltArch releases of CentOS 7 are available for the IA-32 architecture, Power ISA, and for the ARMv7hl and AArch64 variants of the ARM architecture. CentOS 8 was released on 24 September 2019. (Full article...)
    ARM architecture. CentOS 8 was released on 24 September 2019. (Full article...
    )
  • Image 13 Linux began in 1991 as a personal project by Finnish student Linus Torvalds to create a new free operating system kernel. The resulting Linux kernel has been marked by constant growth throughout its history. Since the initial release of its source code in 1991, it has grown from a small number of C files under a license prohibiting commercial distribution to the 4.15 version in 2018 with more than 23.3 million lines of source code, not counting comments, under the GNU General Public License v2 with a syscall exception meaning anything that uses the kernel via system calls are not subject to the GNU GPL. (Full article...)
    C files under a license prohibiting commercial distribution to the 4.15 version in 2018 with more than 23.3 million lines of source code, not counting comments, under the GNU General Public License v2 with a syscall exception meaning anything that uses the kernel via system calls are not subject to the GNU GPL. (Full article...
    )
  • Image 14 Screenshot of seinfo and semanage showing SELinux information of a policy file used by the system, users of SELinux, and file labels related to Simple Desktop Display Manager Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) is a Linux kernel security module that provides a mechanism for supporting access control security policies, including mandatory access controls (MAC). SELinux is a set of kernel modifications and user-space tools that have been added to various Linux distributions. Its architecture strives to separate enforcement of security decisions from the security policy, and streamlines the amount of software involved with security policy enforcement. The key concepts underlying SELinux can be traced to several earlier projects by the United States National Security Agency (NSA). (Full article...)

    Screenshot of seinfo and semanage showing SELinux information of a policy file used by the system, users of SELinux, and file labels related to Simple Desktop Display Manager

    Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux) is a Linux kernel security module that provides a mechanism for supporting access control security policies, including mandatory access controls (MAC).

    SELinux is a set of kernel modifications and user-space tools that have been added to various Linux distributions. Its architecture strives to separate enforcement of security decisions from the security policy, and streamlines the amount of software involved with security policy enforcement. The key concepts underlying SELinux can be traced to several earlier projects by the United States National Security Agency (NSA). (Full article...)
  • Image 15 Rocky Linux is a Linux distribution developed by Rocky Enterprise Software Foundation, which is a privately owned benefit corporation that describes itself as a "self-imposed not-for-profit". It is intended to be a downstream, complete binary-compatible release using the Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) operating system source code. The project's aim is to provide a community-supported, production-grade enterprise operating system. Rocky Linux, along with RHEL and SUSE Linux Enterprise (SLE), has become popular for enterprise operating system use. The first release candidate version of Rocky Linux was released on April 30, 2021, and its first general availability version was released on June 21, 2021. Rocky Linux 8 will be supported through May 2029 and Rocky Linux 9 through May 2032. (Full article...)
    general availability version was released on June 21, 2021. Rocky Linux 8 will be supported through May 2029 and Rocky Linux 9 through May 2032. (Full article...
    )
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    Fedora Linux 35

    Fedora Linux 35, the 35th Fedora Linux distribution release.

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    The following are images from various Linux-related articles on Wikipedia.
    • Image 1Screenshot of GDebi Package installer (from Debian)
      Screenshot of GDebi Package installer (from Debian)
    • Image 2Graph of the sizes of Linux Kernel versions in millions of lines of code. (from Linux kernel)
      Graph of the sizes of Linux Kernel versions in millions of lines of code. (from Linux kernel)
    • Image 3Fedora Core 1.0, a continuation of Red Hat Linux with GNOME 2.4 (2003–11) (from Fedora Linux)
      Fedora Core 1.0, a continuation of Red Hat Linux with GNOME 2.4 (2003–11) (from Fedora Linux)
    • Image 4A fresh install of Silverblue 41 (from Fedora Linux)
      A fresh install of Silverblue 41 (from Fedora Linux)
    • Image 5Ubuntu - Version History - Visual Timeline - 20231019 (from Ubuntu)
      Ubuntu - Version History - Visual Timeline - 20231019 (from Ubuntu)
    • Image 6Logo of GNU Hurd (from Debian)
      Logo of GNU Hurd (from Debian)
    • Image 7Eucalyptus interface (from Ubuntu)
      Eucalyptus interface (from Ubuntu)
    • Image 8Debian 12 console login and welcome message (from Debian)
      Debian 12 console login and welcome message (from Debian)
    • (from Ubuntu)
      Cloud Ubuntu Orange Box
    • Image 10Debian 4 (Etch), 2007 (from Debian)
      Debian 4 (Etch), 2007 (from Debian)
    • Image 11Debian GNU/Hurd running on Xfce (from Debian)
      Debian GNU/Hurd running on Xfce (from Debian)
    • Image 12TiVo DVR, a consumer device running Linux (from Linux kernel)
      TiVo DVR, a consumer device running Linux (from Linux kernel)
    • Image 13At XDC2014, Alex Deucher from AMD announced the unified kernel-mode driver. The proprietary Linux graphic driver, libGL-fglrx-glx, will share the same DRM infrastructure with Mesa 3D. As there is no stable in-kernel ABI, AMD had to constantly adapt the former binary blob used by Catalyst. (from Linux kernel)
      At XDC2014, Alex Deucher from AMD announced the unified kernel-mode driver. The proprietary Linux graphic driver,
      Mesa 3D. As there is no stable in-kernel ABI, AMD had to constantly adapt the former binary blob used by Catalyst. (from Linux kernel
      )
    • Image 14Sankey diagram of Linux Kernel Source Lines of Code (from Linux kernel)
      Sankey diagram of Linux Kernel Source Lines of Code (from Linux kernel)
    • Image 15The official logo (also known as open use logo) that contains the well-known Debian swirl (from Debian)
      The official logo (also known as open use logo) that contains the well-known Debian swirl (from Debian)
    • Image 16Fedora Workstation 41 installation summary (from Fedora Linux)
      Fedora Workstation 41 installation summary (from Fedora Linux)
    • Image 17Debian 6 (Squeeze), 2011 (from Debian)
      Debian 6 (Squeeze), 2011 (from Debian)
    • Image 18Debian 12 installation menu (UEFI Mode) (from Debian)
      Debian 12 installation menu (UEFI Mode) (from Debian)
    • Image 19Iceweasel logo (from Debian)
      Iceweasel logo (from Debian
      )
    • Image 20Fedora 21, a version that brought experimental Wayland and HiDPI support (2014–12) (from Fedora Linux)
      Fedora 21, a version that brought experimental
      Wayland and HiDPI support (2014–12) (from Fedora Linux
      )
    • Image 21Redevelopment costs of Linux kernel (from Linux kernel)
      Redevelopment costs of Linux kernel (from Linux kernel)
    • Image 22Package installed with Aptitude (from Debian)
      Package installed with Aptitude (from Debian)
    • Image 23The Linux kernel supports various hardware architectures, providing a common platform for software, including proprietary software. (from Linux kernel)
      The Linux kernel supports various hardware architectures, providing a common platform for software, including proprietary software. (from Linux kernel)
    • Image 24Graphical version of the Debian Installer (from Debian)
      Graphical version of the Debian Installer (from Debian)
    • Image 25The core values of the Fedora community (from Fedora Linux)
      The core values of the Fedora community (from Fedora Linux)
    • Image 26Ubuntu family tree[dubious – discuss] (from Ubuntu)
      Ubuntu family tree[dubious – discuss] (from Ubuntu)
    • Image 27A Debian 10 Buster box cover (from Debian)
      A Debian 10 Buster box cover (from Debian)
    • Image 28Linux kernel panic output (from Linux kernel)
      Linux kernel panic output (from Linux kernel)
    • Image 29Map of the Linux kernel (from Linux kernel)
      Map of the Linux kernel (from Linux kernel)
    • The Linux Storage Stack Diagram (from Linux kernel)
    • Image 31Using Aptitude to view Debian package details (from Debian)
      Using Aptitude to view Debian package details (from Debian)
    • Deepin-logo
      Deepin logo (from Ubuntu)
    • Image 33Fedora with the KDE Plasma Desktop, one of the several official Fedora Spins. As of Fedora 42, it will become an official Fedora edition alongside Fedora Workstation with GNOME. (from Fedora Linux)
      Fedora with the KDE Plasma Desktop, one of the several official Fedora Spins. As of Fedora 42, it will become an official Fedora edition alongside Fedora Workstation with GNOME. (from Fedora Linux)
    • Image 34Fedora Workstation 41 with its default applications (from Fedora Linux)
      Fedora Workstation 41 with its default applications (from Fedora Linux)
    • Image 35Four interfaces are distinguished: two internal to the kernel, and two between the kernel and userspace. (from Linux kernel)
      Four interfaces are distinguished: two internal to the kernel, and two between the kernel and userspace. (from Linux kernel)
    • Image 36Xfce is default on CD images and non-Linux ports. (from Debian)
      Xfce is default on CD images and non-Linux ports. (from Debian)
    • Image 37An iPod booting iPodLinux (from Linux kernel)
      An iPod booting iPodLinux (from Linux kernel)
    • Image 38HP 9000 C110 PA-RISC workstation booting Debian Lenny (from Debian)
      HP 9000 C110 PA-RISC workstation booting Debian Lenny (from Debian)
    • Image 39Linus Torvalds at the LinuxCon Europe 2014 (from Linux kernel)
      Linus Torvalds at the LinuxCon Europe 2014 (from Linux kernel)
    • Image 40Text version of the Debian Installer (from Debian)
      Text version of the
      Debian Installer (from Debian
      )
    • Image 41Boot messages of a Linux kernel 2.6.25.17 (from Linux kernel)
      Boot messages of a Linux kernel 2.6.25.17 (from Linux kernel)
    • Image 42Logo of Debian GNU/kFreeBSD (from Debian)
      Logo of Debian GNU/kFreeBSD (from Debian)
    • Image 43Fedora 15 (Lovelock), the first release with GNOME 3 and GNOME Shell (2011–05) (from Fedora Linux)
      Fedora 15 (Lovelock), the first release with GNOME 3 and GNOME Shell (2011–05) (from Fedora Linux)
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