Rubus occidentalis
Rubus occidentalis | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Rosales |
Family: | Rosaceae |
Genus: | Rubus |
Species: | R. occidentalis
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Binomial name | |
Rubus occidentalis L. 1753
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Synonyms[1] | |
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Rubus occidentalis is a species of Rubus native to eastern North America. Its common name black raspberry is shared with other closely related species. Other names occasionally used include bear's eye blackberry, black cap, black cap raspberry,[3][4] and scotch cap.[5]
Description
Rubus occidentalis is a
Long stems also called canes grow up to 1.8 metres (5.9 ft) in length, usually forming an arch shape, but sometimes upright. Canes have curved, sharp thorns, while immature canes are unbranched and have a whitish bloom.[9]
The black raspberry is related to the red raspberry Rubus idaeus and Rubus strigosus, sharing the white underside of leaves,[10] and fruit that readily detaches from the carpel.[9]
Habitat
The plant grows in disturbed areas, especially those that are logged or cut. It is also found in meadows, and near streams and lakes, trails or roadways.[9] The native range of Rubus occidentalis extends as far east as New Brunswick, as far west as Nebraska, as far north as Quebec, and as far south as Mississippi.[11]
Pests and diseases
Cultivars
Common black raspberry cultivars include: Black Hawk, Bristol, Jewel, Cumberland, Morrison, Munger, and Logan.[13]
Commercial growing and processing
The center for black raspberry production is in the
The species has been used in the breeding of many Rubus hybrids; those between red and black raspberries are common under the name purple raspberries; 'Brandywine', 'Royalty', and 'Estate' are examples of purple raspberry cultivars. Wild purple raspberries have also been found in various places in northeastern North America where the two parental species co-occur and occasionally hybridize naturally.
The berries are typically dried or frozen, made into
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Black raspberry —watercolor, 1893
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A punnet of black raspberries
See also
- Dewberry, a sub-set of blackberries
- Rubus niveus and Rubus coreanus, related Asian species
References
- Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh – via The Plant List. Note that this website has been superseded by World Flora Online
- PMID 33969195.
- ^ "Rubus occidentalis". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
- ^ Michigan Bee Plants: Rubus occidentalis
- ^ Britton, N.L.; Brown, A. 1897. An illustrated flora of the Northern United States, Canada and the British possessions from Newfoundland to the parallel of the Southern boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102d meridian. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.
- ^ Marrone, Teresa (2011). Indiana, Kentucky and Ohio Wild Berries & Fruits Field Guide. Teresa Marrone. pp. 262nd Page.
- ^ Oklahoma Biological Survey: Rubus occidentalis
- ^ Bioimages: Rubus occidentalis
- ^ a b c Marrone, Teresa (2011). Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio Wild Berries & Fruits Field Guide. Midwestern United States of America. pp. 262nd Page.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Barotz, Sharon; Bilodeau, Carrie. "Black Raspberry". Medicinal Plants of the Northeast. Brandeis University. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
- ^ "The Biota of North America Program". The Biota of North America Program. 2014. Archived from the original on 2021-06-29.
- ^ "Rubus occidentalis, black raspberry". CABI Invasive Species Compendium. 19 November 2019. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
- ^ "Raspberry varieties (includes black raspberries)". Harvest to Table. 8 November 2021. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
External links
- Media related to Rubus occidentalis at Wikimedia Commons
- Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map
- "Rubus occidentalis". Plants for a Future.