Ruknuddin Barbak Shah

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Ruknuddin Barbak Shah
as-Sulṭān al-ʿĀdil Rukn ad-Dunyā wa ad-Dīn Abū al-Mujāhid Bārbak Shāh
Gaur, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
IssueYusuf
HouseIlyas Shahi
FatherNasiruddin Mahmud Shah
ReligionSunni Islam

Ruknuddīn Bārbak Shāh (

Abyssinian community.[3] Historian Aniruddha Ray credits Barbak Shah as the pioneer of urbanisation in Bengal.[4]

Early life and ascension

Satgaon region.[2][5]

Barbak was born into an aristocratic

Sunni family known as the Ilyas Shahi dynasty that had founded the Bengal Sultanate in 1352 CE. Despite his family's long presence in the region, Barbak's ancestors were of Sistani origin, hailing from what is now eastern Iran and southern Afghanistan. His father, Sultan Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah
, ruled Bengal for over twenty years.

During his father's reign, Barbak served as the governor of

Satgaon (Arsah Sajla Mankhbad).[6] During his governorship in 1455, Ulugh Ajmal Khan established the Zafar Khan Ghazi Mosque in Tribeni.[2] Barbak inherited the throne of the country in 1459 CE, after his father's death.[7]

Reign

The Majidbaria Shahi Mosque, built during Barbak Shah's reign, is the first mosque and brick building in the Bakla (Barisal) region.
Part of a series on the
Bengal Sultanate
Ruling dynasties
Subdivisions
Architecture
Culture
Economy
History of the taka
Warfare

In 1459, Barbak upgraded Mahisantosh into a

jame mosques and royal gates across Malda, Rajshahi, Rangpur, Chittagong, Dhaka, Sylhet, Mymensingh and for the first time, Barisal.[2]

Barbak Shah was a patron of Bengali and Persian literature. During his time Zainuddin wrote his Rasul Bijay and Ibrahim Qawwam Faruqi composed a Persian lexicon Farhang-i-Ibrahim (known as Sharafnamah). Raimukuta Brhaspati Mishra, Maladhar Basu, Krittibas Ojha and Kuladhar were the most noted Hindu scholars that time.[8]

Warfare

Main article: Conquest of Mandaran

Barbak was the first ruler in Bengal to recruit large numbers of

Mandaran. Barbak sent his military general, the Muslim missionary Shah Ismail Ghazi, who defeated the Gajapati army and recovered Fort Mandaran.[6]

The Sultanate's next expedition was against Kameshwar of Kamarupa who had gained control of eastern Dinajpur. Barbak's army, again led by general Ismail Ghazi, suffered a heavy defeat in Mahisantosh, although Kameshwar was impressed by the general's spiritual characteristics and embraced Islam. In January 1474 CE however, Barbak executed Ismail Ghazi after a malicious instigation led by Bhandsi Rai, who commanded the Sultanate's Ghoraghat frontier. Rai had accused Ghazi of attempting to establish a separate independent kingdom with Kameshwar in the regained territory.[8][6]

Barbak Shah was also known to have invaded

Tirhut
in 1468.

Death

Rukunuddin Barbak Shah died in 1474 after ruling Bengal for 15 years.

Ruknuddin Barbak Shah
Preceded by
Mahmud Shah I
Sultan of Bengal

1459–1474 		Succeeded by

See also

References

  1. ^ The Philological Secretary, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Volume 43 (1874), p.295
  2. ^ a b c d Ahmad Hasan Dani (1957). "Analysis of the Inscriptions". Asiatic Society Of Pakistan Vol-ii. pp. 21–28.
  3. ISBN 978-1-136-19680-5
    .
  4. OL 30677644M
    . Retrieved 27 April 2024.
  5. OL 30677644M
    . Retrieved 27 April 2024.
  6. ^
    OCLC 924890
    .
  7. ^ Salim, Gulam Hussain; tr. from Persian; Abdus Salam (1902). Riyazu-s-Salatin: History of Bengal. Asiatic Society, Baptist Mission Press. p. 119.
  8. ^ a b c Ahmed, ABM Shamsuddin (2012). "Ruknuddin Barbak Shah". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
  9. OL 30677644M
    . Retrieved 27 April 2024.
  10. OL 30677644M
    . Retrieved 27 April 2024.
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