Samuel Wells Williams

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Samuel Wells Williams
Hanyu Pinyin
Wèi Sānwèi
Yue: Cantonese
JyutpingWai6 Saam1 Wai3

Samuel Wells Williams (September 22, 1812 – February 16, 1884) was a

sinologist
from the United States in the early 19th century.

Early life

Williams was born in

Beirut, Lebanon)[1] and Henry Dwight Williams.[2] His father's Williams family moved from Massachusetts to Utica in 1800 where his father joined his uncle, William McLean, and assisted in publishing the Whitestown Gazette (today the Observer-Dispatch) and Cato's Patrol (later renamed the Patriot after it was sold to John H. Lathrop in 1803). His became a partner in 1807, and later a master printer and journalist before serving in the War of 1812.[1] Williams' cousin, Cornelia Williams Martin, was a prominent philanthropist and social activist in Auburn, New York, and helped support his missionary work in China.[3]

At age 8 he was impressed by the departure to Ceylon as a printing missionary of a James Garrett who was associated with his father's printing business. He studied at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York. There he assisted in the writing of a botanical manual by Senior Professor and co-founder Amos Eaton, published 1833.[4]: 504–5  On graduation he was elected as a professor of the institute.

China

Williams as depicted by the Japanese artist Hibata Osuke's 1854 sketches

After a year's preparation, on June 15, 1833, just 21, he sailed for China to take charge of the printing press of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions at Guangdong, China. He arrived at Whampoa, Canton, aboard the Morrison on October 25, 1833.[4]: 505  With the death of the pioneering missionary Robert Morrison the next year, he and Elijah Bridgman, who had arrived only three years ahead of Williams, were the only missionaries in the whole of China. He assisted Bridgman in the latter's Chinese Chrestomathy in the Canton Dialect, published in 1842,[5] and Walter Medhurst in completing his English-Chinese Dictionary of 1848, two early works of Chinese lexicography.[4]: 506 

In 1837 he sailed on the

Morrison to Japan. Officially this trip was to return some stranded Japanese sailors, but it was also an unsuccessful attempt to open Japan to American trade.[6]

From 1848 to 1851 Williams was the editor of

Matthew Calbraith Perry's expedition to Japan as an official interpreter.[7]

In 1855, Williams was appointed Secretary of the United States Legation to China. During his stay in China, he wrote A Tonic Dictionary Of The Chinese Language In The Canton Dialect (英華分韻撮要) in 1856. After years of opposition from the Chinese government, Williams was instrumental in the negotiation of the Treaty of Tientsin, which provided for the toleration of both Chinese and foreign Christians.[8]

In 1860, he was appointed chargé d'affaires for the United States in Beijing. He resigned his position on October 25, 1876, 43 years to the day that he first landed at Guangzhou in 1833. Around 1875, he completed a translation of the Book of Genesis and the Gospel of Matthew into Japanese, but the manuscripts were lost in a fire before they could be published.[6]

Later life

Williams returned to the United States in 1877 where he spent the last eight years of his life. Williams became the first Professor of Chinese language and literature in the United States at

Scribners concerning the publishing of The Middle Kingdom."[9]

Personal life

On November 20, 1845, Williams married Sarah Simonds Walworth (1815–1881), a daughter of Maj. John Walworth. Together, they were the parents of several children, including:

He died at his residence, 39 College Street in New Haven, Connecticut, on February 16, 1884.[2][14]

Works

  • Elijah Coleman Bridgman, Samuel Wells Williams, ed. (1832–51). The Chinese Repository. Canton: Printed for the proprietors. Retrieved July 3, 2016.
  • "Narrative of a Voyage of the ship Morrison, Captain David Ingersoll, to Lewchew and Japan, in July and August, 1837". The Calcutta Christian Observer. 7: 37. 1838. Retrieved July 2, 2016.
  • Samuel Wells Williams (1842). Easy lessons in Chinese: or progressive exercises to facilitate the study of that language. MACAO: Chinese Repository.
  • Samuel Wells Williams (1844). English & Chinese vocabulary in the court dialect. Macao: Office of the Chinese Repository. p. 440.
  • Williams, Samuel Wells (1848). The Middle Kingdom: a survey of the geography, government, education, social life, arts, religion, etc. of the Chinese Empire and its inhabitants. New York: Wiley and Putnam. Retrieved May 8, 2011.
  • Account of a Japanese romance (1849) Retrieved 1 August 2017.
  • S Wells Williams (1856). Ying Wá Fan Wan Tsüt Iú: A Tonic Dictionary of the Chinese Language in the Canton Dialect. Canton: The Chinese Repository. p. 792.
  • The Chinese commercial guide (1856)
  • Samuel Wells Williams (1874). A syllabic dictionary of the Chinese language: arranged according to the Wu-fang Yuen Yin, with the pronunciation of the characters as heard in Peking, Canton, Amoy, and Shanghai. Shanghai: American Presbyterian Mission Press. p. 1254. Retrieved July 6, 2011.
  • Chinese Immigration (1879)
  • Samuel Wells Williams (1910). F W Williams (ed.). A journal of the Perry expedition to Japan (1853-1854). Retrieved January 11, 2016.

Publications

References

  1. ^ a b family, Williams. "William Williams Family Collection (1808-1851, bulk 1819-1851)". quod.lib.umich.edu. William L. Clements Library, University of Michigan. Retrieved August 17, 2021.
  2. ^ a b "A YALE PROFESSOR'S DEATH". The New York Times. February 17, 1884. Retrieved August 17, 2021.
  3. ^ "Seward Family Digital Archive · UR Projects". urprojects.lib.rochester.edu. Retrieved March 8, 2024.
  4. ^ a b c Lane, G; Sanford, P P (1834). Methodist Quarterly Review. Methodist Church.
  5. ^ Bridgman, Elijah Coleman (June 10, 1841). Chinese Chrestomathy in the Canton Dialect. p. Preface.
  6. ^
    ISBN 9780231504041
    (e-book).
  7. ^ Biography of Samuel Wells Williams in The Far East, New Series, Volume 1, December 1876, pages 140-2.
  8. ^ Frederick Wells Williams, The Life and Letters of Samuel Wells Williams, Ll.D., Missionary, Diplomatist, Sinologue (New York: G.P. Putnam's sons, 1889). vi, 490p. at Internet Archive (link).
  9. ^ "Samuel Wells Williams family papers". archives.yale.edu. Yale University. Retrieved August 17, 2021.
  10. ^ "SOPIDA GARDNER WELLS WILLIAMS, CORRESPONDENCE, 1928-1930" (PDF). www.newhavenmuseum.org. The Whitney Library New Haven Colony Historical Society. Retrieved August 17, 2021.
  11. ^ "Gray, Sophia Gardner Williams Grosvenor, 1855-1938 - Social Networks and Archival Context". snaccooperative.org. SNAC. Retrieved August 17, 2021.
  12. ^ "Obituary Record of Yale Graduates: 1927-1928" (PDF). New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University. September 15, 1928. Retrieved August 17, 2021.
  13. ^ "Williams, Frederick Wells, 1857-1928". archives.yale.edu. Yale University. Retrieved August 17, 2021.
  14. ^ James Muhlenberg Bailey, "Obituary Samuel Wells Williams," Journal of the American Geographical Society of New York 16 (1884): 186-93.

External links

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