Sistan and Baluchestan province
Sistan and Baluchestan province
استان سیستان و بلوچستان | |
---|---|
Baluchi Persian | |
HDI (2017) | 0.688[2] medium · 31st |
Sistan and Baluchestan province (Persian: استان سيستان و بلوچستان, romanized: Ostân-e Sistân wa Balučestân; Balochi: سیستان ءُ بلۏچستان اوستان, romanized: Sistàn o Balòcestàn ostàn) or Asli Baluchestan is the second largest province of the 31 provinces of Iran, after Kerman province, with an area of 180,726 km2. It is in the southeast of the country, bordering Afghanistan and Pakistan, and its capital is the city of Zahedan.[3][4]
At the time of the National Census of 2006, the province had a population of 2,349,049 in 468,025 households.[5] The following census in 2011 counted 2,534,327 inhabitants living in 587,921 households.[6] At the most recent census in 2016, the population had increased to 2,775,014 in 704,888 households.[1]
The
History
In the epigraphs of Bistoon and
During the reign of
During the reign of the second Sunni caliph,
In 1508 AD, Shah
Geography
The whole of the province had been previously called Baluchestan, but the government added Sistan to the end of Baluchestan. After the 1979 revolution, the name of the province was changed to Sistan and Baluchestan.
Today, Sistan refers to the area comrising Zabol, Hamun, Hirmand, Zehak and Nimruz counties.[8] The province borders South Khorasan province in the north, Kerman province and Hormozgan province in the west, the Gulf of Oman in the south, and Afghanistan and Pakistan in the east.
Sistan and Baluchestan province is one of the driest regions of Iran, with a slight increase in rainfall from east to west, and a rise in humidity in the coastal regions. The province is subject to seasonal winds from different directions, the most important of which are the
In 2023, Sistan region was affected by several dust events, occurring in April,[9] June,[8] and August. The latter sent 1120 people to hospitals from 10 to 14 August. Winds reached a speed of 108 km/h (67 mph) in Zabol station and reduced visibility to 600 m (2,000 ft).[10]
Administrative divisions
Administrative Divisions | 2006[5] | 2011[6] | 2016[1] |
---|---|---|---|
Bampur County1 | — | — | —[11] |
Chabahar County | 214,017 | 264,051 | 283,204 |
Dalgan County1 | — | 62,813 | 67,857 |
Dashtiari County2 | — | — | —[12] |
Fanuj County3 | — | — | 49,161 |
Golshan County4 | — | — | — |
Hamun County5 | — | — | 41,017 |
Hirmand County5 | — | 65,471 | 63,979 |
Iranshahr County | 264,226 | 219,796 | 254,314 |
Khash County | 161,918 | 155,652 | 173,821 |
Konarak County | 68,605 | 82,001 | 98,212 |
Lashar County3 | — | — | — |
Mehrestan County6 | — | 62,756 | 70,579 |
Mirjaveh County7 | — | — | 45,357 |
Nik Shahr County | 185,355 | 212,963 | 141,894 |
Nimruz County5 | — | — | 48,471 |
Qasr-e Qand County8 | — | — | 61,076 |
Rask County9 | — | — | — |
Saravan County | 239,950 | 175,728 | 191,661 |
Sarbaz County | 162,960 | 164,557 | 186,165 |
Sib and Suran County4 | — | 73,189 | 85,095 |
Taftan County10 | — | — | — |
Zabol County | 317,357 | 259,356 | 165,666 |
Zahedan County | 663,822 | 660,575 | 672,589 |
Zarabad County11 | — | — | — |
Zehak County | 70,839 | 75,419 | 74,896 |
Total | 2,349,049 | 2,534,327 | 2,775,014 |
1Separated from Iranshahr County 2Separated from Chabahar County 3Separated from Nik Shahr County 4Separated from Saravan County 5Separated from Zabol County 6Separated from Saravan County and Sarbaz County 7Separated from Zahedan County 8Separated from Chabahar County and Nik Shahr County 9Separated from Sarbaz County 10Separated from Khash County 11Separated from Konarak County |
Cities
According to the 2016 census, 1,345,642 people (over 48% of the population of Sistan and Baluchestan province) live in the following cities:
The following table shows the ten largest cities of Sistan and Baluchestan province:[1]
Rank | Name | Population (2016) |
---|---|---|
1 | Zahedan | 587,730 |
2 | Zabol | 134,950 |
3 | Iranshahr | 113,750 |
4 | Chabahar | 106,739 |
5 | Saravan | 60,014 |
6 | Khash | 56,584 |
7 | Konarak | 43,258 |
8 | Jaleq | 18,098 |
9 | Nik Shahr | 17,732 |
10 | Pishin | 16,011 |
Demographics
Most of the population are
Religion
The minority
Sistan and Baluchestan today
Sistan and Baluchestan is the poorest of Iran's 31 provinces, with a HDI score of 0.688.[2]
The government of Iran has been implementing new plans such as creating the Chabahar Free Trade-Industrial Zone.
Economy
Industry is new to the province. Efforts have been done and tax, customs and financial motivations have caused more industrial investment, new projects, new producing jobs and improvement of industry. The most important factories are the Khash cement factory with production of 2600 tons cement daily and three other cement.
Factories under construction:
- Cotton cloth and fishing net weaving factories and the brick factory can be named as well.
The province has important geological and metal mineral potentials such as chrome, copper, granite, antimony, talc, manganese, iron, lead, zinc, tin, nickel, platinum, gold and silver.
One of the main mines in this province is Chel Kooreh copper mine in 120 km north of Zahedan.
Sistan embroidery has been an ancient handicraft of the region that has been traced as far back as 5th-century BC, originating from the Scythians.[17]
Transportation
Road transport
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National rail network
The city of Zahedan has been connected to Quetta in Pakistan for a century with a broad gauge railway. It has weekly trains for Kovaitah. Recently a railway from Bam, Iran to Zahedan has been inaugurated. There may be plans to build railway lines from Zahedan to Chabahar.[18]
Airports
Sistan and Baluchistan province has two main passenger airports:
- Zahedan Airport
- Chabahar Airport(Konarak Airport)
Ports
The
Higher education
- University of Sistan and Baluchestan
- Chabahar Maritime University
- Zabol University
- Islamic Azad University of Iranshahr
- Islamic Azad University of Zahedan[20]
- Zahedan University of Medical Sciences[21]
- Zabol University of Medical Sciences
- International University of Chabahar
- Velayat University of Iranshar
- Jamiah Darul Uloom Zahedan
Landmarks such as the Firuzabad Castle, Rostam Castle and the Naseri Castle are located in the province.
-
Naseri Castle, Iranshahr
See also
- Bazman, volcano mountain
- Baloch people
- Sistan region
- Balochistan region
- Balochistan, Afghanistan
- Balochistan, Pakistan
References
- ^ a b c d e "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 11. Archived from the original (Excel) on 23 December 2021. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ a b "Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
- ^ "معرفی استان سیستان و بلوچستان". hprc.zaums.ac.ir. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
- ^ "آشنایی با استان سیستان و بلوچستان". hamshahrionline.ir. 25 May 2007. Retrieved 13 March 2021.
- ^ a b "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006)". AMAR (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 11. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
- ^ a b "Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011)" (Excel). Iran Data Portal (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. p. 11. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ "Brahui". Encyclopedia Irannica.
- ^ a b "Storm in Sistan sent 330 people to medical centers" توفان در سیستان ۳۳۰ نفر را راهی مراکز درمانی کرد, Tabnak (in Persian), Tabnak, 25 June 2023, 1180454, retrieved 9 April 2024.
- ^ "The storm sent 99 people to the hospital in Sistan region" توفان در منطقه سیستان ۹۹ نفر را راهی بیمارستان کرد, Tabnak (in Persian), Tabnak, 18 April 2023, 1171738, retrieved 9 April 2024.
- ^ "1120 people went to hospital in Sistan and Baluchistan" ۱۱۲۰ نفر در سیستان و بلوچستان راهی بیمارستان شدند. tabnak.ir (in Persian). Tabnak. 14 August 2023. Retrieved 9 April 2024.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: postscript (link) - ^ Jahangiri, Ishaq (13 August 2017). "Letter of approval regarding reforms and divisional changes in Sistan and Baluchestan province". Qavanin (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Council of Ministers. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 7 April 2023.
- ^ Jahangiri, Ishaq (13 September 2018). "Letter of approval regarding the country divisions of Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan province". Qavanin (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Council of Ministers. Archived from the original on 7 April 2023. Retrieved 7 April 2023.
- ISBN 978-3-89500-591-6.
- ^ Sistan and Baluchestan Province tabnak.ir. Retrieved 20 July 2020
- ^ "Ahmady, Kameel. A Peace-Oriented Investigation of the Ethnic Identity Challenge in Iran (A Study of Five Iranian Ethnic Groups with the GT Method), 2022, 13th Eurasian Conferences on Language and Social Sciences pp.591-624". 13th Eurasian Conferences on Language and Social Sciences. 2022. Pp.591-624.
- ^ "Baluchistan | History, People, Religion, & Map | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 7 August 2023. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
- ^ "هفتهزار سال هنر در یک سرزمین" [Seven thousand years of art in one land]. ایسنا (in Persian). 15 March 2017. Retrieved 7 October 2022.
- ^ Projects Invest Iran [dead link]
- ^ "From Gwadar to Chabahar, the Makran Coast Is Becoming an Arena for Rivalry Between Powers". The Wire.
- ^ "دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد زاهدان". iauzah.ac.ir. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
- ^ "Zahedan University of Medical Sciences(zdmu)". 17 July 2007. Archived from the original on 17 July 2007. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
Bibliography
- ISBN 978-1-4008-5322-9.
- ISBN 9781914165221.