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The [[Shaykh]] of the [[Qadiriyyah]] order of [[Sufi]]s, the most influential personality in Southern Kurdistan,<ref>Eskander, S. (2000) "Britain's policy in Southern Kurdistan: The Formation and the Termination of the First Kurdish Government, 1918-1919" in ''British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies'' Vol. 27, No. 2. pp. 139-163.</ref> was appointed governor of the former ''[[sanjak]]'' of [[Dohuk Governorate|Duhok]], but rallied against the [[United Kingdom|British]] and declared an independent Kurdistan in May, 1919. He was defeated in June.
The [[Shaykh]] of the [[Qadiriyyah]] order of [[Sufi]]s, the most influential personality in Southern Kurdistan,<ref>Eskander, S. (2000) "Britain's policy in Southern Kurdistan: The Formation and the Termination of the First Kurdish Government, 1918-1919" in ''British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies'' Vol. 27, No. 2. pp. 139-163.</ref> was appointed governor of the former ''[[sanjak]]'' of [[Dohuk Governorate|Duhok]], but rallied against the [[United Kingdom|British]] and declared an independent Kurdistan in May, 1919. He was defeated in June.


On 10 October 1921, a statement was issued in Sulaymaniya, the capital of Kurdistan, to establish a [[Kurdish people|Kurdish]] government. Sheikh [[Mahmud Barzanji]] declared himself as the King of the Kingdom of Kurdistan.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=de&id=u_DFlzttxl0C&q=Kingdom+Kurdistan#v=snippet&q=Kingdom%20Kurdistan&f=false|title=Middle East by Anthony Ham|publisher=|accessdate=23 October 2014}}</ref><ref>[http://www.kurdmedia.com/article.aspx?id=10256 Fatah, R. (2005) ''Mustafa Pasha Yamolki: his life and role in the Kurdish nationalist movement'']</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ol69WHBjFzAC&pg=PA104&lpg=PA104&dq=The+Creation+of+Iraq,+1914-1921+the+man+who+styled+himself&source=bl&ots=zYN3kHKkSB&sig=5V8Quc_OmAKrzbVgj57VSTP1Xog&hl=de&sa=X&ei=RrANUZmdOcb04QTRmICICw&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=snippet&q=man%20who%20styled%20himself%20as%20King%20Kurdistan&f=false|title=The Creation of Iraq, 1914-1921, by Reeva S. Simon, Eleanor Harvey Tejirian|publisher=|accessdate=23 October 2014}}</ref>
On 10 October 1921, a statement was issued in Sulaymaniya, the capital of Kurdistan, to establish a [[Kurdish people|Kurdish]] government. Sheikh [[Mahmud Barzanji]] declared himself as the King of the Kingdom of Kurdistan.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=de&id=u_DFlzttxl0C&q=Kingdom+Kurdistan#v=snippet&q=Kingdom%20Kurdistan&f=false|title=Middle East by Anthony Ham|publisher=|accessdate=23 October 2014}}</ref><ref>[http://www.kurdmedia.com/article.aspx?id=10256 Fatah, R. (2005) ''Mustafa Pasha Yamolki: his life and role in the Kurdish nationalist movement''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330112924/http://www.kurdmedia.com/article.aspx?id=10256 |date=2014-03-30 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ol69WHBjFzAC&pg=PA104&lpg=PA104&dq=The+Creation+of+Iraq,+1914-1921+the+man+who+styled+himself&source=bl&ots=zYN3kHKkSB&sig=5V8Quc_OmAKrzbVgj57VSTP1Xog&hl=de&sa=X&ei=RrANUZmdOcb04QTRmICICw&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=snippet&q=man%20who%20styled%20himself%20as%20King%20Kurdistan&f=false|title=The Creation of Iraq, 1914-1921, by Reeva S. Simon, Eleanor Harvey Tejirian|publisher=|accessdate=23 October 2014}}</ref>


After the [[Treaty of Sèvres]], which settled some territories, Sulaymaniya still remained under the direct control of the British [[High Commissioner]]. After the subsequent penetration of the Turkish "Özdemir" Detachment into the area, an attempt was made by the British to counter this by appointing Shaykh Mahmud governor again, in September 1922. The Shaykh revolted again, and in November declared himself King of the Kingdom of Kurdistan. Members of his cabinet included:<ref>[http://www.kurdmedia.com/article.aspx?id=11980 Fatah, R. (2006) ''The Kurdish resistance to Southern Kurdistan annexing with Iraq]</ref>
After the [[Treaty of Sèvres]], which settled some territories, Sulaymaniya still remained under the direct control of the British [[High Commissioner]]. After the subsequent penetration of the Turkish "Özdemir" Detachment into the area, an attempt was made by the British to counter this by appointing Shaykh Mahmud governor again, in September 1922. The Shaykh revolted again, and in November declared himself King of the Kingdom of Kurdistan. Members of his cabinet included:<ref>[http://www.kurdmedia.com/article.aspx?id=11980 Fatah, R. (2006) ''The Kurdish resistance to Southern Kurdistan annexing with Iraq] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419013343/http://www.kurdmedia.com/article.aspx?id=11980 |date=2014-04-19 }}</ref>


*[[Shaikh Qadir Hafeed]] - Prime Minister
*[[Shaikh Qadir Hafeed]] - Prime Minister

Revision as of 18:17, 1 January 2018

Kingdom of Kurdistan
Keyaniya Kurdistanê
شانشینی کوردستان
1922–1924
Flag of Kurdistan
British Mandate of Mesopotamia
ends
3 October 1932
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Ottoman Iraq
Mandatory Iraq

The Kingdom of Kurdistan[2][3] refers to a short-lived unrecognized state proclaimed in the city of Sulaymaniyah following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. Officially, the territory involved was under the jurisdiction of the British Mandate of Mesopotamia.

Sheikh Mahmud revolts

Main article: Mahmud Barzanji revolts

During the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, Kurds in Iraq attempted to establish a semi-independent state. On at least one occasion they succeeded and formed the Kingdom of Kurdistan, which lasted from September 1922 until July 1924.[4]

The

Duhok, but rallied against the British
and declared an independent Kurdistan in May, 1919. He was defeated in June.

On 10 October 1921, a statement was issued in Sulaymaniya, the capital of Kurdistan, to establish a

Kurdish government. Sheikh Mahmud Barzanji declared himself as the King of the Kingdom of Kurdistan.[6][7][8]

After the

High Commissioner. After the subsequent penetration of the Turkish "Özdemir" Detachment into the area, an attempt was made by the British to counter this by appointing Shaykh Mahmud governor again, in September 1922. The Shaykh revolted again, and in November declared himself King of the Kingdom of Kurdistan. Members of his cabinet included:[9]

Barzanji was defeated by the British in July, 1924, and in January 1926 the

Iraq, with the provision for special rights for Kurds. In 1930-1931, Shaykh Makhmud Barzanji made his last unsuccessful attempt.[how?
]

The British Royal Air Force's Iraq Command acting on behalf of the Iraqi government in Baghdad played a part in bringing the Kingdom of Kurdistan to an end.

 
People
Population
  • Homeland
  • Kurdistan
  • Northern Kurdistan
    )
  • Eastern Kurdistan
    )
  • Southern Kurdistan
    )
  • Western Kurdistan
    )
  • Diaspora
History

Ancient

Karduchian dynasties

Corduene
Zabdicene
Cyrtians
Moxoene
  • Kayusids

Medieval

Modern
Culture
Languages
Kurdish languages
Religion

See also

References

Footnotes

  1. ^ "Rojî Kurdistan* 1922-1923 (Silêmanî) official newspaper of Kinddom of Kurdistan". Retrieved 23 October 2014.
  2. ^ Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East, Kingdom of Kurdistan. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
  3. ^ Der Kurdistan-Irak-Konflikt: der Weg zur Autonomie seit dem ersten Weltkrieg. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
  4. ^ Prince, J. (1993), "A Kurdish State in Iraq" in Current History, January.
  5. ^ Eskander, S. (2000) "Britain's policy in Southern Kurdistan: The Formation and the Termination of the First Kurdish Government, 1918-1919" in British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies Vol. 27, No. 2. pp. 139-163.
  6. ^ Middle East by Anthony Ham. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
  7. ^ Fatah, R. (2005) Mustafa Pasha Yamolki: his life and role in the Kurdish nationalist movement Archived 2014-03-30 at the Wayback Machine
  8. ^ The Creation of Iraq, 1914-1921, by Reeva S. Simon, Eleanor Harvey Tejirian. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
  9. ^ Fatah, R. (2006) The Kurdish resistance to Southern Kurdistan annexing with Iraq Archived 2014-04-19 at the Wayback Machine
  10. ISBN 9789754101003
    , p. 103.)

General

  1. McDowell, D. (1996) A Modern History of the Kurds, pp. 155–163, 194-196

External links

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