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Raspberry Pi

Raspberry Pi 4 Model B
Also known as	RPi
Release date	24 February 2012; 12 years ago (2012-02-24) (Original) 24 June 2019; 4 years ago (2019-06-24) (Current)
Introductory price	US$35 (1 GB), US$45 (2 GB), US$55 (4 GB)^[1]
Operating system	Ubuntu FreeBSD Linux NetBSD OpenBSD Plan 9 RISC OS Windows 10 ARM64 MicroSDHC slot
Graphics	Broadcom VideoCore VI 500 MHz^[4]
Power	5V 3A (for full power delivery to USB devices)^[5]
Website	raspberrypi.org

The Raspberry Pi (

mice) or cases. However, some accessories have been included in several official and unofficial bundles.^[9]

The organisation behind the Raspberry Pi consists of two arms. The first two models were developed by the Raspberry Pi Foundation. After the Pi Model B was released, the Foundation set up Raspberry Pi Trading, with Eben Upton as CEO, to develop the third model, the B+. Raspberry Pi Trading is responsible for developing the technology while the Foundation is an educational charity to promote the teaching of basic computer science in schools and in developing countries.

According to the Raspberry Pi Foundation, more than 5 million Raspberry Pis were sold by February 2015, making it the best-selling

British computer.^[10] By November 2016 they had sold 11 million units,^[11]^[12] and 12.5m by March 2017, making it the third best-selling "general purpose computer".^[13] In July 2017, sales reached nearly 15 million.^[14] In March 2018, sales reached 19 million.^[15]

Most Pis are made in a Sony factory in Pencoed, Wales.^[16] Some are made in China and Japan.^[17]

Generations of released models

The Raspberry Pi Zero, a US$5 model first introduced in 2015

Several generations of Raspberry Pis have been released. All models feature a

ARM-compatible central processing unit (CPU) and on-chip graphics processing unit

(GPU).

Processor speed ranges from 700 MHz to 1.4 GHz for the Pi 3 Model B+ or 1.5 GHz for the Pi 4; on-board memory ranges from 256 MB to 1 GB

802.11n and Bluetooth

. Prices range from US$5 to $55.

The first generation (Raspberry Pi 1 Model B) was released in February 2012, followed by the simpler and cheaper Model A. In 2014, the Foundation released a board with an improved design, Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+. These boards are approximately credit-card sized and represent the standard mainline form-factor. Improved A+ and B+ models were released a year later. A "Compute Module" was released in April 2014 for embedded applications. The Raspberry Pi 2, which added more RAM, was released in February 2015.

A Raspberry Pi Zero with smaller size and reduced input/output (I/O) and general-purpose input/output (GPIO) capabilities was released in November 2015 for US$5. On 28 February 2017, the Raspberry Pi Zero W was launched, a version of the Zero with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities, for US$10.^[18]^[19] On 12 January 2018, the Raspberry Pi Zero WH was launched, a version of the Zero W with pre-soldered GPIO headers.^[20]

Raspberry Pi 3 Model B was released in February 2016 with a 1.2 GHz 64-bit

USB boot and network boot (an SD card

is no longer required).

Raspberry Pi 4 Model B was released in June 2019

USB 2.0 ports, two USB 3.0 ports, and dual monitor support (4K resolution). The Pi 4 is also powered via a USB-C port, enabling additional power to be provided to downstream peripherals, when used with an appropriate PSU. The Raspberry Pi 4 has a design flaw where third-party e-marked USB cables, such as those used on Apple MacBooks, incorrectly identify it and refuse to provide power. This is expected to be corrected in a future board revision.^[22]^[23] Tom's Hardware tested 14 different cables and found that 11 of them turned on and powered the Pi without issue.^[24]


Family	Model	Form Factor	Ethernet	Wireless	GPIO	Released	Discontinued
Raspberry Pi 1	B	Standard (85.60 × 56.5 mm)	Yes	No	26-pin	2012	Yes
	A		No		26-pin	2013	Yes
	B+		Yes		40-pin	2014
	A+	Compact (65 × 56.5 mm)	No			2014
Raspberry Pi 2	B	Standard	Yes	No		2015
Raspberry Pi Zero	Zero	Zero (65 × 30 mm)	No	No		2015
Raspberry Pi Zero	W/WH	Zero (65 × 30 mm)	No	Yes		2017
Raspberry Pi 3	B	Standard	Yes	Yes		2016
	A+	Compact	No			2018
	B+	Standard	Yes			2018
Raspberry Pi 4	B (1GB)	Standard	Yes	Yes		2019^[25]
	B (2GB)
	B (4GB)

Hardware

The Raspberry Pi hardware has evolved through several versions that feature variations in memory capacity and peripheral-device support.

This block diagram describes Model B and B+; Model A, A+, and the Pi Zero are similar, but lack the

micro USB

(OTG) port. Unlike all other Pi models, the 40 pin GPIO connector is omitted on the Pi Zero with solderable through holes only in the pin locations. The Pi Zero WH remedies this.

Processor

All SoCs used in Raspberry Pis are custom-developed under collaboration of

Broadcom and Raspberry Pi Foundation

The Broadcom BCM2835 SoC used in the first generation Raspberry Pi

stacked underneath the RAM chip, so only its edge is visible. The ARM1176JZ(F)-S is the same CPU used in the original iPhone,^[28] although at a higher clock rate

, and mated with a much faster GPU.

The earlier V1.1 model of the Raspberry Pi 2 used a Broadcom BCM2836 SoC with a 900 MHz

quad-core ARM Cortex-A7 processor, with 256 KB shared L2 cache.^[29] The Raspberry Pi 2 V1.2 was upgraded to a Broadcom BCM2837 SoC with a 1.2 GHz 64-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A53 processor,^[30] the same SoC which is used on the Raspberry Pi 3, but underclocked

(by default) to the same 900 MHz CPU clock speed as the V1.1. The BCM2836 SoC is no longer in production as of late 2016.

The Raspberry Pi 3 Model B uses a Broadcom BCM2837 SoC with a 1.2 GHz 64-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A53 processor, with 512 KB shared L2 cache. The Model A+ and B+ are 1.4 GHz^[31]^[32]^[33]

The Raspberry Pi 4 uses a Broadcom BCM2711 SoC with a 1.5 GHz 64-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A72 processor, with 1MB shared L2 cache.^[34]^[35]

The Raspberry Pi Zero and Zero W use the same Broadcom BCM2835 SoC as the first generation Raspberry Pi, although now running at 1 GHz CPU clock speed.^[36]

Performance

While operating at 700 MHz by default, the first generation Raspberry Pi provided a real-world performance roughly equivalent to 0.041

Gpixel/s or 1.5 Gtexel/s of graphics processing or 24 GFLOPS of general purpose computing performance. The graphical capabilities of the Raspberry Pi are roughly equivalent to the performance of the Xbox

of 2001.

Raspberry Pi 2 V1.1 included a quad-core Cortex-A7 CPU running at 900 MHz and 1 GB RAM. It was described as 4–6 times more powerful than its predecessor. The GPU was identical to the original.^[29] In parallelised benchmarks, the Raspberry Pi 2 V1.1 could be up to 14 times faster than a Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+.^[39]

The Raspberry Pi 3, with a quad-core ARM Cortex-A53 processor, is described as having ten times the performance of a Raspberry Pi 1.^[40] Benchmarks showed the Raspberry Pi 3 to be approximately 80% faster than the Raspberry Pi 2 in parallelised tasks.^[41]

Overclocking

Most Raspberry Pi

Linux distro the overclocking options on boot can be done by a software command running "sudo raspi-config" without voiding the warranty.^[42] In those cases the Pi automatically shuts the overclocking down if the chip temperature reaches 85 °C (185 °F), but it is possible to override automatic over-voltage and overclocking settings (voiding the warranty); an appropriately sized heat sink is needed to protect the chip from serious overheating

Newer versions of the

throttled

, but if the CPU has much to do and the chip's temperature is acceptable, performance is temporarily increased with clock speeds of up to 1 GHz, depending on the board version and on which of the turbo settings is used.

The seven overclock presets are:

none; 700 MHz ARM, 250 MHz core, 400 MHz SDRAM, 0

overvolting

modest; 800 MHz ARM, 250 MHz core, 400 MHz SDRAM, 0 overvolting,

medium; 900 MHz ARM, 250 MHz core, 450 MHz SDRAM, 2 overvolting,

high; 950 MHz ARM, 250 MHz core, 450 MHz SDRAM, 6 overvolting,

turbo; 1000 MHz ARM, 500 MHz core, 600 MHz SDRAM, 6 overvolting,

Pi 2; 1000 MHz ARM, 500 MHz core, 500 MHz SDRAM, 2 overvolting,

Pi 3; 1100 MHz ARM, 550 MHz core, 500 MHz SDRAM, 6 overvolting. In system information the CPU speed will appear as 1200 MHz. When idling, speed lowers to 600 MHz.[42]^[43]

In the highest (turbo) preset the SDRAM clock was originally 500 MHz, but this was later changed to 600 MHz because 500 MHz sometimes causes SD card corruption. Simultaneously in high mode the core clock speed was lowered from 450 to 250 MHz, and in medium mode from 333 to 250 MHz.

The CPU on the first and second generation Raspberry Pi board did not require cooling, such as a heat sink or fan, even when overclocked, but the Raspberry Pi 3 may generate more heat when overclocked.^[44]

RAM

The early designs of the Raspberry Pi Model A and B boards included only 256 MB of

random access memory (RAM). Of this, the early beta Model B boards allocated 128 MB to the GPU by default, leaving only 128 MB for the CPU.^[45] On the early 256 MB releases of models A and B, three different splits were possible. The default split was 192 MB for the CPU, which should be sufficient for standalone 1080p video decoding, or for simple 3D processing. 224 MB was for Linux processing only, with only a 1080p framebuffer, and was likely to fail for any video or 3D. 128 MB was for heavy 3D processing, possibly also with video decoding.^[46] In comparison, the Nokia 701 uses 128 MB for the Broadcom VideoCore IV.^[47]

The later Model B with 512 MB RAM, was initially released with new standard memory split files (arm256_start.elf, arm384_start.elf, arm496_start.elf) with 256 MB, 384 MB, and 496 MB CPU RAM, and with 256 MB, 128 MB, and 16 MB video RAM, respectively. But about one week later, the foundation released a new version of start.elf that could read a new entry in config.txt (gpu_mem=xx) and could dynamically assign an amount of RAM (from 16 to 256 MB in 8 MB steps) to the GPU, obsoleting the older method of splitting memory, and a single start.elf worked the same for 256 MB and 512 MB Raspberry Pis.[48]

The Raspberry Pi 2 has 1 GB of RAM. The Raspberry Pi 3 has 1 GB of RAM in the B and B+ models, and 512 MB of RAM in the A+ model.^[49]^[50]^[51] The Raspberry Pi Zero and Zero W have 512 MB of RAM.

The Raspberry Pi 4 has a choice of 1, 2 or 4 GB of RAM, set at time of manufacture.^[52] The Raspberry Pi 4 Model B Safety and User guide mentions "Raspberry Pi 4 Model B 1 GB, 2 GB, 4 GB + 8 GB variants" but the 8GB model was not available as of the 2019 launch.^[53]

Networking

The Model A, A+ and Pi Zero have no Ethernet circuitry and are commonly connected to a network using an external user-supplied USB Ethernet or

USB 2.0 bus between it and the SoC). The Raspberry Pi 4 has full gigabit Ethernet

(throughput is not limited as it is not funnelled via the USB chip.)

Special-purpose features

The Pi Zero can be used as a USB device or "USB gadget", plugged into another computer via a USB port on another machine. It can be configured in multiple ways, for example to show up as a serial device or an ethernet device.^[56] Although originally requiring software patches, this was added into the mainline Raspbian distribution in May 2016.^[56]

The Pi 3 can boot from USB, such as from a flash drive.^[57] Because of firmware limitations in other models, the Pi 2B v1.2, 3A+, 3B, and 3B+ are the only boards that can do this.

Peripherals

Although often pre-configured to operate as a

USB computer keyboard and mouse.^[58]

It may also be used with USB storage, USB to MIDI converters, and virtually any other device/component with USB capabilities, depending on the installed device drivers in the underlying operating system (many of which are included by default).

Other peripherals can be attached through the various pins and connectors on the surface of the Raspberry Pi.[59]

Video

The video controller can generate standard modern TV resolutions, such as HD and

WUXGA.^[60]

Higher resolutions, up to 2048×1152, may work

H.265 (at those high resolutions),^{[citation needed}

] commonly used for very high resolutions (however, most common formats up to Full HD do work).

Although the Raspberry Pi 3 does not have H.265 decoding hardware, the CPU is more powerful than its predecessors, potentially fast enough to allow the decoding of H.265-encoded videos in software.[64] The GPU in the Raspberry Pi 3 runs at higher clock frequencies of 300 MHz or 400 MHz, compared to previous versions which ran at 250 MHz.^[65]

The Raspberry Pis can also generate

PAL-N, NTSC and NTSC-J.^[66]

Lack of real-time clock

None of the Raspberry Pi models have a built-in real-time clock. When booting, the time is set either manually, or configured from a previously saved state at shutdown to provide relative consistency for the file system. The Network Time Protocol is used to update the system time when connected to a network.

A real-time hardware clock with battery backup, such as the DS1307, may be added.

Specifications

Version	Model A			Model B							Compute Module*					Zero
Version	RPi 1 Model A	RPi 1 Model A+	RPi 3 Model A+	RPi 1 Model B	RPi 1 Model B+	RPi 2 Model B	RPi 2 Model B v1.2	RPi 3 Model B	RPi 3 Model B+	RPi 4 Model B	Compute Module 1	Compute Module 3	Compute Module 3 Lite	Compute Module 3+	Compute Module 3+ Lite	RPi Zero PCB v1.2	RPi Zero PCB v1.3	RPi Zero W
Release date	February 2013^[67]	November 2014^[68]	November 2018	April–June 2012	July 2014^[69]	February 2015^[29]	October 2016^[70]	February 2016^[40]	14 March 2018^[15]	24 June 2019^[71]	April 2014^[72]^[73]	January 2017^[74]		January 2019^[75]		November 2015^[76]	May 2016	28 February 2017
Target price (USD)	$25^[67]	$20^[68]	$25	$35^[77]	$25^[78]	$35				$35/45/55 ^[71]	$30 (in batches of 100)^[79]	$30	$25	$30/35/40	$25	$5^[76]		$10
Instruction set	ARMv6 Z (32-bit)		ARMv8 (64-bit)	ARMv6 Z (32-bit)		ARMv7 -A (32-bit)	ARMv8 -A (64/32-bit)				ARMv6 Z (32-bit)	ARMv8 -A (64/32-bit)				ARMv6 Z (32-bit)
SoC	Broadcom BCM2835^[26]		Broadcom BCM2837B0^[15]	Broadcom BCM2835^[26]		Broadcom BCM2836	Broadcom BCM2837		Broadcom BCM2837B0^[15]	Broadcom BCM2711^[71]	Broadcom BCM2835^[79]	Broadcom BCM2837		Broadcom BCM2837B0		Broadcom BCM2835
FPU	VFPv2; NEON not supported		VFPv4 + NEON	VFPv2; NEON not supported		VFPv3 + NEON	VFPv4 + NEON				VFPv2; NEON not supported	VFPv4 + NEON				VFPv2; NEON not supported
CPU	1× ARM1176JZF-S 700 MHz		4× Cortex-A53 1.4 GHz	1× ARM1176JZF-S 700 MHz		4× Cortex-A7 900 MHz	4× Cortex-A53 900 MHz	4× Cortex-A53 1.2 GHz	4× Cortex-A53 1.4 GHz	4× Cortex-A72 1.5 GHz^[25]	1× ARM1176JZF-S 700 MHz	4× Cortex-A53 1.2 GHz				1× ARM1176JZF-S 1 GHz
GPU	Broadcom H.264/MPEG-4 AVC high-profile decoder and encoder^[26] (BCM2837: 1080p60)									Broadcom VideoCore VI @ 500 MHz^[83]	Broadcom H.264/MPEG-4 AVC high-profile decoder and encoder^[26] (BCM2837: 1080p60)
Memory (SDRAM)	256 MB (shared with GPU)	512 MB (shared with GPU) as of 4 May 2016. Older boards had 256 MB (shared with GPU)^[84]				1 GB (shared with GPU)				1, 2 or 4 GB (shared with GPU)	512 MB (shared with GPU)	1 GB (shared with GPU)				512 MB (shared with GPU)
USB 2.0 ports^[58]	1 (direct from BCM2835 chip)		1 (direct from BCM2837B0 chip)	2 (via on-board 3-port USB hub)^[85]	4 (via on-board 5-port USB hub)^[54]^[69]^[86]					2^[71]	1 (direct from BCM2835 chip)*	1 (direct from BCM2837 chip)*		1 (direct from BCM2837B0 chip)*		1 Micro-USB (direct from BCM2835 chip)
USB 3.0 ports	0									2^[71]	0
Video input	15-pin MIPI camera interface (CSI) connector, used with the Raspberry Pi camera or Raspberry Pi NoIR camera^[87]										2× MIPI camera interface (CSI)*^[79]^[88]^[89]					None	MIPI camera interface (CSI)^[90]
Video outputs	LCD panels	HDMI (rev 1.3), composite video (3.5 mm CTIA style LCD panels		LCD panels	LCD panels					2x LCD panels^[3]	HDMI, 2× MIPI display interface ( LCD panels,^[79]^[89]^[91]^[92] composite video *^[88]^[93]					Mini-HDMI, 1080p60,^[76] composite video via marked points on PCB for optional header pins^[94]
Audio inputs	As of revision 2 boards via I²S^[95]
Audio outputs	Analog via 3.5 mm phone jack; digital via HDMI and, as of revision 2 boards, I²S										Analog, HDMI, I²S*					Mini-HDMI, stereo audio through PWM on GPIO
On-board storage^[58]	SD, MMC, SDIO card slot (3.3 V with card power only)	MicroSDHC slot^[69]		SD, MMC , SDIO card slot	MicroSDHC slot		MicroSDHC slot, USB Boot Mode^[96]				4 GB eMMC flash memory chip^[79]		MicroSDHC slot	8/16/32GB eMMC flash memory chip^[79]	MicroSDHC slot
8P8C)^[58]	None^[97]		None	10/100 Mbit/s USB adapter on the USB hub^[85]				10/100 Mbit/s	10/100/1000 Mbit/s^[86] (real speed max 300 Mbit/s^[98])	10/100/1000 Mbit/s^[71]	None							None
WiFi IEE 802.11 wireless			b/g/n/ac dual band 2.4/5 GHz	None				b/g/n single band 2.4 GHz	b/g/n/ac dual band 2.4/5 GHz	b/g/n/ac dual band 2.4/5 GHz								b/g/n single band 2.4 GHz
Bluetooth			4.2 BLE	None				4.1 BLE	4.2 LS BLE	5.0^[71]								4.1 BLE
Low-level peripherals	8× SPI bus with two chip selects, I²S audio^[100] +3.3 V, +5 V, ground^[80]^[101]	17× GPIO plus the same specific functions, and HAT ID bus		8× SPI bus with two chip selects, I²S audio +3.3 V, +5 V, ground. An additional 4× GPIO are available on the P5 pad if the user is willing to make solder connections	17× GPIO plus the same specific functions, and HAT ID bus					17× GPIO plus the same specific functions, HAT, and an additional 4× UART, 4× SPI, and 4× I2C connectors.^[102]	46× UART, PCM, PWM*^[103]					17× GPIO plus the same specific functions, and HAT ID bus^[76]
Power ratings	300 mA (1.5 W)^[104]	200 mA (1 W)^[105]		700 mA (3.5 W)	200 mA (1 W) average when idle, 350 mA (1.75 W) maximum under stress (monitor, keyboard and mouse connected)^[106]	220 mA (1.1 W) average when idle, 820 mA (4.1 W) maximum under stress (monitor, keyboard and mouse connected)^[106]		300 mA (1.5 W) average when idle, 1.34 A (6.7 W) maximum under stress (monitor, keyboard, mouse and WiFi connected)^[106]	459 mA (2.295 W) average when idle, 1.13 A (5.661 W) maximum under stress (monitor, keyboard, mouse and WiFi connected)^[107]	600 mA (3 W) average when idle, 1.25 A (6.25 W) maximum under stress (monitor, keyboard, mouse and Ethernet connected),^[106] 3 A (15 W) PSU capacity^[1]	200 mA (1 W)	700 mA (3.5 W)				100 mA (0.5 W) average when idle, 350 mA (1.75 W) maximum under stress (monitor, keyboard and mouse connected)^[106]
Power source	5 V via MicroUSB or GPIO header									5 V via USB-C or GPIO header	5 V*					5 V via MicroUSB or GPIO header
Size	85.60 mm × 56.5 mm (3.370 in × 2.224 in), excluding protruding connectors	65 mm × 56.5 mm × 10 mm (2.56 in × 2.22 in × 0.39 in), same as HAT board	65 mm x 56.5 mm	85.60 mm × 56.5 mm (3.370 in × 2.224 in), excluding protruding connectors				85.60 mm × 56.5 mm × 17 mm (3.370 in × 2.224 in × 0.669 in)^[108]			67.6 mm × 30 mm (2.66 in × 1.18 in)	67.6 mm × 31 mm (2.66 in × 1.22 in)				65 mm × 30 mm × 5 mm (2.56 in × 1.18 in × 0.20 in)
Weight	31 g (1.1 oz)	23 g (0.81 oz)		45 g (1.6 oz)						46 g (1.6 oz)^[109]	7 g (0.25 oz)^[110]					9 g (0.32 oz)^[111]
Console	Adding a USB network interface via tethering^[97] or a serial cable with optional GPIO power connector^[112]
Generation	1	1 +	3+	1	1 +	2	2 ver 1.2	3	3+	4	1	3	3 Lite	3+	3+ Lite	PCB ver 1.2	PCB ver 1.3	W (wireless)
Obsolescence Statement	n/a	in production until at least January 2022	in production until at least January 2023	n/a	in production until at least January 2022	n/a	in production until at least January 2022	in production until at least January 2022	in production until at least January 2023	in production until at least January 2026	n/a	n/a	n/a	CM3+ will remain in production until at least January 2026		n/a, or see PCB ver 1.3	Zero is currently stated as being not before January 2022	in production until at least January 2026
Type	Model A			Model B							Compute Module*					Zero

* all interfaces are via 200-pin DDR2

SO-DIMM

connector.

Connectors

Pi Zero

Location of connectors and main ICs

Model A

Location of connectors and main ICs on Raspberry Pi 1 Model A
Location of connectors and main ICs on Raspberry Pi 1 Model A+ revision 1.1

Model B

Location of connectors and main ICs on Raspberry Pi 1 Model B revision 1.2
Location of connectors and main ICs on Raspberry Pi 1 Model B+ revision 1.2 and Raspberry Pi 2
Location of connectors and main ICs on Raspberry Pi 3
Location of connectors and main ICs on Raspberry Pi 4

General purpose input-output (GPIO) connector

Raspberry Pi 1 Models A+ and B+, Pi 2 Model B, Pi 3 Models A+, B and B+, Pi 4, and Pi Zero, Zero W, and Zero WH GPIO J8 have a 40-pin pinout.^[113]^[114] Raspberry Pi 1 Models A and B have only the first 26 pins.^[115]^[116]^[117]

In the Pi Zero and Zero W the 40 GPIO pins are unpopulated, having the through-holes exposed for soldering instead. The Zero WH (Wireless + Header) has the header pins preinstalled.

GPIO#	2nd func.	Pin#	Pin#	2nd func.	GPIO#
	+3.3 V	1	2	+5 V
2	SDA1 (I²C)	3	4	+5 V
3	SCL1 (I²C)	5	6	GND
4	GCLK	7	8	TXD0 (UART)	14
	GND	9	10	RXD0 (UART)	15
17	GEN0	11	12	GEN1	18
27	GEN2	13	14	GND
22	GEN3	15	16	GEN4	23
	+3.3 V	17	18	GEN5	24
10	MOSI (SPI)	19	20	GND
9	MISO (SPI)	21	22	GEN6	25
11	SCLK (SPI)	23	24	CE0_N (SPI)	8
	GND	25	26	CE1_N (SPI)	7
(Pi 1 Models A and B stop here)
0	ID_SD (I²C)	27	28	ID_SC (I²C)	1
5	N/A	29	30	GND
6	N/A	31	32		12
13	N/A	33	34	GND
19	N/A	35	36	N/A	16
26	N/A	37	38	Digital IN	20
	GND	39	40	Digital OUT	21

Model B rev. 2 also has a pad (called P5 on the board and P6 on the schematics) of 8 pins offering access to an additional 4 GPIO connections.^[118] These GPIO pins were freed when the four board version identification links present in revision 1.0 were removed.^[119]

GPIO#	2nd func.	Pin#	Pin#	2nd func.	GPIO#
	+5 V	1	2	+3.3 V
28	GPIO_GEN7	3	4	GPIO_GEN8	29
30	GPIO_GEN9	5	6	GPIO_GEN10	31
	GND	7	8	GND

Models A and B provide GPIO access to the ACT status LED using GPIO 16. Models A+ and B+ provide GPIO access to the ACT status LED using GPIO 47, and the power status LED using GPIO 35.

Accessories

Gertboard – A Raspberry Pi Foundation sanctioned device, designed for educational purposes, that expands the Raspberry Pi's GPIO pins to allow interface with and control of LEDs, switches, analog signals, sensors and other devices. It also includes an optional Arduino compatible controller to interface with the Pi.^[120]
Camera – On 14 May 2013, the foundation and the distributors RS Components & Premier Farnell/Element 14 launched the Raspberry Pi camera board alongside a firmware update to accommodate it.^[121] The camera board is shipped with a flexible flat cable that plugs into the CSI connector which is located between the Ethernet and HDMI ports. In Raspbian, the user must enable the use of the camera board by running Raspi-config and selecting the camera option. The camera module costs €20 in Europe (9 September 2013).^[122] It can produce 1080p, 720p and 640x480p video. The dimensions are 25 mm × 20 mm × 9 mm.^[122] In May 2016, v2 of the camera came out, and is an 8 megapixel camera.
Infrared Camera – In October 2013, the foundation announced that they would begin producing a camera module without an infrared filter, called the Pi NoIR.^[123]
Official Display – On 8 September 2015, The foundation and the distributors RS Components & Premier Farnell/Element 14 launched the Raspberry Pi Touch Display^[124]
HAT (Hardware Attached on Top) expansion boards – Together with the Model B+, inspired by the Arduino shield boards, the interface for HAT boards was devised by the Raspberry Pi Foundation. Each HAT board carries a small EEPROM (typically a CAT24C32WI-GT3)^[125] containing the relevant details of the board,^[126] so that the Raspberry Pi's OS is informed of the HAT, and the technical details of it, relevant to the OS using the HAT.^[127] Mechanical details of a HAT board, which uses the four mounting holes in their rectangular formation, are available online.^[128]^[129]

Software

Operating systems

The Raspberry Pi Foundation provides

Windows 10 IoT Core, RISC OS and specialised distributions for the Kodi media centre and classroom management.^[135] The formally verified microkernel seL4 is also supported.^[136]

Other operating systems (not Linux-based)

Broadcom VCOS – Proprietary operating system which includes an abstraction layer designed to integrate with existing kernels, such as ThreadX (which is used on the VideoCore4 processor), providing drivers and middleware for application development. In case of Raspberry Pi this includes an application to start the ARM processor(s) and provide the publicly documented API over a mailbox interface, serving as its firmware. An incomplete source of a Linux port of VCOS is available as part of the reference graphics driver published by Broadcom.^[137]
RISC OS Pi (a special cut down version RISC OS Pico, for 16 MB cards and larger for all models of Pi 1 & 2, has also been made available.)
FreeBSD^[138]^[139]
NetBSD^[140]^[141]
OpenBSD (only on 64-bit platforms, such as Raspberry Pi 3)^[142]
Plan 9 from Bell Labs^[143]^[144] and Inferno^[145] (in beta)
Windows 10 IoT Core – a zero-price edition of Windows 10 offered by Microsoft that runs natively on the Raspberry Pi 2.^[146]

Haiku – an open source BeOS clone that has been compiled for the Raspberry Pi and several other ARM boards.^[147] Work on Pi 1 began in 2011, but only the Pi 2 will be supported.^[148]
HelenOS – a portable microkernel-based multiserver operating system; has basic Raspberry Pi support since version 0.6.0^[149]

Other operating systems (Linux-based)

Android Things – an embedded version of the Android operating system designed for IoT device development.
ARM
processors.
openSUSE^[150]
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP2^[151]
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 SP3 (Commercial support)^[151]
Gentoo Linux^[152]
Lubuntu^[153]
Xubuntu^[153]
Devuan
CentOS for Raspberry Pi 2 and later
RedSleeve (a RHEL port) for Raspberry Pi 1
command line interface.^[159]) The Fluxbox window manager running under the X Window System requires an additional 48 MB of RAM.^[160]

Kali Linux – a Debian-derived distro designed for digital forensics and penetration testing.
SolydXK – a light Debian-derived distro with Xfce.
Ark OS
– designed for website and email self-hosting.
Sailfish OS with Raspberry Pi 2 (due to use ARM Cortex-A7 CPU; Raspberry Pi 1 uses different ARMv6 architecture and Sailfish requires ARMv7.)^[161]
RAM
.
power users
who appreciate security, simplicity and resource efficiency".
Void Linux – a rolling release Linux distribution which was designed and implemented from scratch, provides images based on musl or glibc.
Fedora
– supports Pi 2 and later since Fedora 25 (Pi 1 is supported by some unofficial derivatives, e.g. listed here.).

Name	Focus	Kernel	UserSpace	Model A			Model B						Compute Module*			Zero
Name	Focus	Kernel	UserSpace	1	1 +	3	1	1 +	2	2 ver 1.2	3	3+	1	3	3 lite	PCB ver 1.2	PCB ver 1.3	W (wireless)
OpenWrt	Networking	Linux	GNU/Debian	Yes^[162]	?	?	Yes^[163]	Yes^[164]	Yes^[165]	?	Partial^[166]	?	?	?	?	?	?	Partial^[167]

Driver APIs

APIs: OpenMAX, OpenGL ES and OpenVG

Raspberry Pi can use a

EGL. OpenMAX and EGL use the open source kernel driver in turn.^[170]

Firmware

The official firmware is a freely redistributable^[171] binary blob, that is proprietary software.^[147] A minimal proof-of-concept open source firmware is also available, mainly aimed at initializing and starting the ARM cores as well as performing minimal startup that is required on the ARM side. It is also capable of booting a very minimal Linux kernel, with patches to remove the dependency on the mailbox interface being responsive. It is known to work on Raspberry Pi 1, 2 and 3, as well as some variants of Raspberry Pi Zero.^[172]

Third-party application software

AstroPrint – AstroPrint's wireless 3D printing software can be run on the Pi 2.^[173]
C/C++ Interpreter Ch – Released 3 January 2017, C/C++ interpreter Ch and Embedded Ch are released free for non-commercial use for Raspberry Pi, ChIDE is also included for the beginners to learn C/C++.^[174]
Mathematica & the Wolfram Language – These were released free as a standard part of the Raspbian NOOBS image in November 2013.^[175]^[176]^[177] As of 12 February 2020^[update], the version is Mathematica 12.0.^[178] Programs can be run either from a command line interface or from a Notebook interface. There are Wolfram Language functions for accessing connected devices.^[179] There is also a Wolfram Language desktop development kit allowing development for Raspberry Pi in Mathematica from desktop machines, including features from the loaded Mathematica version such as image processing and machine learning.^[180]^[181]^[182]

Minecraft – Released 11 February 2013, a modified version that allows players to directly alter the world with computer code.^[183]
RealVNC – Since 28 September 2016, Raspbian includes RealVNC's remote access server and viewer software.^[184]^[185]^[186] This includes a new capture technology which allows directly-rendered content (e.g. Minecraft, camera preview and omxplayer) as well as non-X11 applications to be viewed and controlled remotely.^[187]^[188]
UserGate Web Filter – On 20 September 2013, Florida-based security vendor Entensys announced porting UserGate Web Filter to Raspberry Pi platform.^[189]
Steam Link – On 13 December 2018, Valve released official Steam Link game streaming client for the Raspberry Pi 3 and 3 B+.^[190]^[191]

Software development tools

Arduino IDE – for programming an Arduino.
Algoid – for teaching programming to children and beginners.
BlueJ – for teaching Java to beginners.
Greenfoot – Greenfoot teaches object orientation with Java. Create 'actors' which live in 'worlds' to build games, simulations, and other graphical programs.
Julia – an interactive and cross-platform programming language/environment, that runs on the Pi 1 and later.^[192] IDEs for Julia, such as Juno, are available. See also Pi-specific Github repository JuliaBerry.
Lazarus^[193] – a Free Pascal
RAD IDE

LiveCode – an educational RAD IDE descended from HyperCard using English-like language to write event-handlers for WYSIWYG widgets runnable on desktop, mobile and Raspberry Pi platforms.
Ninja-IDE – a cross-platform integrated development environment (IDE) for Python.
Processing
– an IDE built for the electronic arts, new media art, and visual design communities with the purpose of teaching the fundamentals of computer programming in a visual context.
Scratch – a cross-platform teaching IDE using visual blocks that stack like Lego, originally developed by MIT's Life Long Kindergarten group. The Pi version is very heavily optimised^[194] for the limited computer resources available and is implemented in the Squeak Smalltalk system. The latest version compatible with The 2 B is 1.6.
Squeak Smalltalk – a full-scale open Smalltalk.
TensorFlow – an artificial intelligence framework developed by Google. The Raspberry Pi Foundation worked with Google to simplify the installation process through pre-built binaries.^[195]
Thonny – a Python IDE for beginners.
V-Play Game Engine
– a cross-platform development framework that supports mobile game and app development with the V-Play Game Engine, V-Play apps, and V-Play plugins.
Xojo – a cross-platform RAD tool that can create desktop, web and console apps for Pi 2 and Pi 3.
C-STEM Studio
– a platform for hands-on integrated learning of computing, science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (C-STEM) with robotics.
Erlang - a functional language for building concurrent systems with light-weight processes and message passing.

Vulnerability to flashes of light

In February 2015, a

wafer-level package), which would, if present, block the light. Unofficial workarounds include covering U16 with opaque material (such as electrical tape,^[196]^[197] lacquer, poster mounting compound, or even balled-up bread^[196]), putting the Raspberry Pi 2 in a case,^[197] and avoiding taking photos of the top side of the board with a xenon flash. This issue was not discovered before the release of the Raspberry Pi 2 because it is not standard or common practice to test susceptibility to optical interference,^[196]

while commercial electronic devices are routinely subjected to tests of susceptibility to radio interference.

Reception and use

NASA's *Open Source Rover* powered by a Raspberry Pi 3

Technology writer

ARM's CEO Warren East at an event in Cambridge outlining Google's ideas to improve UK science and technology education.^[203]

Harry Fairhead, however, suggests that more emphasis should be put on improving the educational software available on existing hardware, using tools such as

ZDNet blog, was of the opinion that teens will have "better things to do", despite what happened in the 1980s.^[205]

In October 2012, the Raspberry Pi won T3's Innovation of the Year award,[206] and futurist Mark Pesce cited a (borrowed) Raspberry Pi as the inspiration for his ambient device project MooresCloud.^[207] In October 2012, the British Computer Society reacted to the announcement of enhanced specifications by stating, "it's definitely something we'll want to sink our teeth into."^[208]

In June 2017, Raspberry Pi won the Royal Academy of Engineering MacRobert Award.^[209] The citation for the award to the Raspberry Pi said it was "for its inexpensive credit card-sized microcomputers, which are redefining how people engage with computing, inspiring students to learn coding and computer science and providing innovative control solutions for industry."^[210]

Clusters of hundreds of Raspberry Pis have been used for testing programs destined for supercomputers^[211]

Community

The Raspberry Pi community was described by Jamie Ayre of

AdaCore as one of the most exciting parts of the project.^[212] Community blogger Russell Davis said that the community strength allows the Foundation to concentrate on documentation and teaching.^[212] The community developed a fanzine around the platform called The MagPi^[213] which in 2015, was handed over to the Raspberry Pi Foundation by its volunteers to be continued in-house.^[214] A series of community Raspberry Jam events have been held across the UK and around the world.^[215]

Education

As of January 2012 [update], enquiries about the board in the United Kingdom have been received from schools in both the

private sectors, with around five times as much interest from the latter. It is hoped that businesses will sponsor purchases for less advantaged schools.^[216] The CEO of Premier Farnell said that the government of a country in the Middle East has expressed interest in providing a board to every schoolgirl, to enhance her employment prospects.^[217]^[218]

In 2014, the Raspberry Pi Foundation hired a number of its community members including ex-teachers and software developers to launch a set of free learning resources for its website.[219] The Foundation also started a teacher training course called Picademy with the aim of helping teachers prepare for teaching the new computing curriculum using the Raspberry Pi in the classroom.^[220]

In 2018, NASA launched the JPL Open Source Rover Project, which is a scaled down of Curiosity rover and uses a Raspberry Pi as the control module, to encourage students and hobbyists to get involved in mechanical, software, electronics, and robotics engineering.^[221]

Home automation

There are a number of developers and applications that are using the Raspberry Pi for home automation. These programmers are making an effort to modify the Raspberry Pi into a cost-affordable solution in energy monitoring and power consumption. Because of the relatively low cost of the Raspberry Pi, this has become a popular and economical alternative to the more expensive commercial solutions.^[222]

Industrial automation

In June 2014, Polish industrial automation manufacturer TECHBASE released ModBerry, an industrial computer based on the Raspberry Pi Compute Module. The device has a number of interfaces, most notably RS-485/232 serial ports, digital and analogue inputs/outputs, CAN and economical 1-Wire buses, all of which are widely used in the automation industry. The design allows the use of the Compute Module in harsh industrial environments, leading to the conclusion that the Raspberry Pi is no longer limited to home and science projects, but can be widely used as an

Industry 4.0.^[223]

In March 2018, SUSE announced commercial support for SUSE Linux Enterprise on the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B to support a number of undisclosed customers implementing industrial monitoring with the Raspberry Pi.[224]

Commercial products

OTTO is a digital camera created by Next Thing Co. It incorporates a Raspberry Pi Compute Module. It was successfully crowd-funded in a May 2014 Kickstarter campaign.^[225]

Slice is a digital media player which also uses a Compute Module as its heart. It was crowd-funded in an August 2014 Kickstarter campaign. The software running on Slice is based on Kodi.^[226]

Astro Pi

A project was launched in December 2014 at an event held by the UK Space Agency. The Astro Pi competition was officially opened in January and was opened to all primary and secondary school aged children who were residents of the United Kingdom. During his mission, British ESA astronaut Tim Peake deployed the computers on board the International Space Station.^[227] He loaded the winning code while in orbit, collected the data generated and then sent this to Earth where it was distributed to the winning teams. Covered themes during the competition included Spacecraft Sensors, Satellite Imaging, Space Measurements, Data Fusion and Space Radiation.

The organisations involved in the Astro Pi competition include the

ESA

History

This section is in

prose. You can help by converting this section, if appropriate. Editing help

is available. (February 2015)

In 2006, early concepts of the Raspberry Pi were based on the

USB memory stick.^[232] It had a USB port on one end and an HDMI

port on the other.

The Foundation's goal was to offer two versions, priced at US$25 and $35. They started accepting orders for the higher priced Model B on 29 February 2012,[233] the lower cost Model A on 4 February 2013.^[234] and the even lower cost (US$20) A+ on 10 November 2014.^[68] On 26 November 2015, the cheapest Raspberry Pi yet, the Raspberry Pi Zero, was launched at US$5 or £4.^[235]

Pre-launch

July 2011 (2011-07): Trustee Eben Upton publicly approached the RISC OS Open community in July 2011 to enquire about assistance with a port.^[236] Adrian Lees at Broadcom has since worked on the port,^[237]^[238] with his work being cited in a discussion regarding the graphics drivers.^[239] This port is now included in NOOBS.
August 2011 – 50 alpha boards are manufactured. These boards were functionally identical to the planned Model B,^{Quake 3 at 1080p,^[241] and Full HD MPEG-4 video over HDMI.^[242]}

October 2011 – A version of RISC OS 5 was demonstrated in public, and following a year of development the port was released for general consumption in November 2012.^[243]^[244]^[245]^[246]
December 2011 – Twenty-five Model B Beta boards were assembled and tested^[247] from one hundred unpopulated PCBs.^[248] The component layout of the Beta boards was the same as on production boards. A single error was discovered in the board design where some pins on the CPU were not held high; it was fixed for the first production run.^[249] The Beta boards were demonstrated booting Linux, playing a 1080p movie trailer and the Rightware Samurai OpenGL ES benchmark.^[250]
Early 2012 – During the first week of the year, the first 10 boards were put up for auction on
The Centre for Computing History in Cambridge, England.^[202]^[253] The ten boards (with a total retail price of £220) together raised over £16,000,^[254] with the last to be auctioned, serial number No. 01, raising £3,500.^[255] In advance of the anticipated launch at the end of February 2012, the Foundation's servers struggled to cope with the load placed by watchers repeatedly refreshing their browsers.^[256]

Launch

19 February 2012 – The first proof of concept SD card image that could be loaded onto an SD card to produce a preliminary operating system is released. The image was based on
Midori browser, plus various programming tools. The image also runs on QEMU allowing the Raspberry Pi to be emulated on various other platforms.^[257]^[258]

29 February 2012 – Initial sales commence 29 February 2012
RS Components, had their websites stalled by heavy web traffic immediately after the launch (RS Components briefly going down completely).^[261]^[262] Unconfirmed reports suggested that there were over two million expressions of interest or pre-orders.^[263] The official Raspberry Pi Twitter account reported that Premier Farnell sold out within a few minutes of the initial launch, while RS Components took over 100,000 pre orders on day one.^[233] Manufacturers were reported in March 2012 to be taking a "healthy number" of pre-orders.^[212]

March 2012 – Shipping delays for the first batch were announced in March 2012, as the result of installation of an incorrect Ethernet port,[264]^[265] but the Foundation expected that manufacturing quantities of future batches could be increased with little difficulty if required.^[266] "We have ensured we can get them [the Ethernet connectors with magnetics] in large numbers and Premier Farnell and RS Components [the two distributors] have been fantastic at helping to source components," Upton said. The first batch of 10,000 boards was manufactured in Taiwan and China.^[267]^[268]
8 March 2012 – Release Raspberry Pi Fedora Remix, the recommended Linux distribution,^{Seneca College in Canada.^[270]}

March 2012 – The Debian port is initiated by Mike Thompson, former CTO of
cluster.^[271]

Post-launch

16 April 2012 – Reports appear from the first buyers who had received their Raspberry Pi.[276]^[277]
20 April 2012 – The schematics for the Model A and Model B are released.^[278]
18 May 2012 – The Foundation reported on its blog about a prototype
megapixel
module.
22 May 2012 – Over 20,000 units had been shipped.^[280]
July 2012 – Release of Raspbian.^[281]
16 July 2012 – It was announced that 4,000 units were being manufactured per day, allowing Raspberry Pis to be bought in bulk.^[282]^[283]
24 August 2012 – Hardware accelerated video (
H.264) encoding becomes available after it became known that the existing license also covered encoding. Formerly it was thought that encoding would be added with the release of the announced camera module.^[284]^[285] However, no stable software exists for hardware H.264 encoding.^[286] At the same time the Foundation released two additional codecs that can be bought separately, MPEG-2 and Microsoft's VC-1. Also it was announced that the Pi will implement CEC, enabling it to be controlled with the television's remote control.^[82]

5 September 2012 – The Foundation announced a second revision of the Raspberry Pi Model B.[287] A revision 2.0 board is announced, with a number of minor corrections and improvements.^[288]
6 September 2012 – Announcement that in future the bulk of Raspberry Pi units would be manufactured in the UK, at Sony's manufacturing facility in Pencoed, Wales. The Foundation estimated that the plant would produce 30,000 units per month, and would create about 30 new jobs.^[289]^[290]
15 October 2012 – It is announced that new Raspberry Pi Model Bs are to be fitted with 512 MB instead of 256 MB RAM.^[291]
24 October 2012 – The Foundation announces that "all of the VideoCore driver code which runs on the ARM" had been released as free software under a BSD-style license, making it "the first ARM-based multimedia SoC with fully-functional, vendor-provided (as opposed to partial, reverse engineered) fully open-source drivers", although this claim has not been universally accepted.^[169] On 28 February 2014, they also announced the release of full documentation for the VideoCore IV graphics core, and a complete source release of the graphics stack under a 3-clause BSD license^[292]^[293]
October 2012 – It was reported that some customers of one of the two main distributors had been waiting more than six months for their orders. This was reported to be due to difficulties in sourcing the CPU and conservative sales forecasting by this distributor.^[294]
17 December 2012 – The Foundation, in collaboration with IndieCity and Velocix, opens the Pi Store, as a "one-stop shop for all your Raspberry Pi (software) needs". Using an application included in Raspbian, users can browse through several categories and download what they want. Software can also be uploaded for moderation and release.^[295]
3 June 2013 – "New Out of Box Software" or NOOBS is introduced. This makes the Raspberry Pi easier to use by simplifying the installation of an operating system. Instead of using specific software to prepare an SD card, a file is unzipped and the contents copied over to a FAT formatted (4 GB or bigger) SD card. That card can then be booted on the Raspberry Pi and a choice of six operating systems is presented for installation on the card. The system also contains a recovery partition that allows for the quick restoration of the installed OS, tools to modify the config.txt and an online help button and web browser which directs to the Raspberry Pi Forums.^[296]
October 2013 – The Foundation announces that the one millionth Pi had been manufactured in the United Kingdom.^[297]
November 2013: they announce that the two millionth Pi shipped between 24 and 31 October.^[298]
28 February 2014 – On the day of the second anniversary of the Raspberry Pi, Broadcom, together with the Raspberry Pi foundation, announced the release of full documentation for the VideoCore IV graphics core,^{[clarification needed]} and a complete source release of the graphics stack under a 3-clause BSD license.^[292]^[293]

7 April 2014 – The official Raspberry Pi blog announced the Raspberry Pi Compute Module, a device in a 200-pin DDR2
SO-DIMM-configured memory module (though not in any way compatible with such RAM), intended for consumer electronics designers to use as the core of their own products.^[79]

June 2014 – The official Raspberry Pi blog mentioned that the three millionth Pi shipped in early May 2014.[299]
14 July 2014 – The official Raspberry Pi blog announced the Raspberry Pi Model B+, "the final evolution of the original Raspberry Pi. For the same price as the original Raspberry Pi model B, but incorporating numerous small improvements people have been asking for".^[69]
10 November 2014 – The official Raspberry Pi blog announced the Raspberry Pi Model A+.^[68] It is the smallest and cheapest (US$20) Raspberry Pi so far and has the same processor and RAM as the Model A. Like the A, it has no Ethernet port, and only one USB port, but does have the other innovations of the B+, like lower power, micro-SD-card slot, and 40-pin HAT compatible GPIO.
2 February 2015 – The official Raspberry Pi blog announced the Raspberry Pi 2. Looking like a Model B+, it has a 900 MHz quad-core ARMv7 Cortex-A7 CPU, twice the memory (for a total of 1 GB) and complete compatibility with the original generation of Raspberry Pis.^[300]
14 May 2015 – The price of Model B+ was decreased from US$35 to $25, purportedly as a "side effect of the production optimizations" from the Pi 2 development.^[301] Industry observers have skeptically noted, however, that the price drop appeared to be a direct response to the CHIP, a lower-priced competitor discontinued in April 2017.^[302]
26 November 2015 – The Raspberry Pi Foundation launched the Raspberry Pi Zero, the smallest and cheapest member of the Raspberry Pi family yet, at 65 mm × 30 mm, and US$5. The Zero is similar to the Model A+ without camera and LCD connectors, while smaller and uses less power. It was given away with the Raspberry Pi magazine Magpi No. 40 that was distributed in the UK and US that day – the MagPi was sold out at almost every retailer internationally due to the freebie.^[76]
29 February 2016 – Raspberry Pi 3 with a BCM2837 1.2 GHz 64-bit quad processor based on the ARMv8 Cortex-A53, with built-in Wi-Fi BCM43438 802.11n 2.4 GHz and Bluetooth 4.1 Low Energy (BLE). Starting with a 32-bit Raspbian version, with a 64-bit version later to come if "there is value in moving to 64-bit mode". In the same announcement it was said that a new BCM2837 based Compute Module was expected to be introduced a few months later.^[303]
February 2016 – The Raspberry Pi Foundation announces that they had sold eight million devices (for all models combined), making it the best-selling UK personal computer, ahead of the Amstrad PCW.^[304]^[305] Sales reached ten million in September 2016.^[9]
25 April 2016 – Raspberry Pi Camera v2.1 announced with 8 Mpixels, in normal and NoIR (can receive IR) versions. The camera uses the Sony IMX219 chip with a resolution of 3280 × 2464. To make use of the new resolution the software has to be updated.^[306]
10 October 2016 – NEC Display Solutions announces that select models of commercial displays to be released in early 2017 will incorporate a Raspberry Pi 3 Compute Module.^[307]
14 October 2016 – Raspberry Pi Foundation announces their co-operation with NEC Display Solutions. They expect that the Raspberry Pi 3 Compute Module will be available to the general public by the end of 2016.^[308]
25 November 2016 – 11 million units sold.^[11]
16 January 2017 – Compute Module 3 and Compute Module 3 Lite are launched.^[74]
28 February 2017 – Raspberry Pi Zero W with WiFi and Bluetooth via chip scale antennas launched.^[309]^[310]
14 March 2018 – On Pi Day, Raspberry Pi Foundation introduced Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ with improvements in the Raspberry PI 3B computers performance, updated version of the Broadcom application processor, better wireless Wi-Fi and Bluetooth performance and addition of the 5 GHz band.^[311]
15 November 2018 – Raspberry Pi 3 Model A+ launched.^[312]
28 January 2019 – Compute Module 3+ (CM3+/Lite, CM3+/8GB, CM3+/16GB and CM3+/32GB) launched.^[75]
24 June 2019 – Raspberry Pi 4 Model B launched.^[313]
10 December 2019 – 30 million units sold;^[314] sales are about 6 million per year.^[315]^[316]

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^ @EbenUpton (14 December 2019). "Happy to make an introduction. And they do about six million @Raspberry_Pi units a year, so they definitely have scale" (Tweet) – via Twitter.

^ @EbenUpton (14 December 2019). "Yes. We don't get sales returns from our licensees until month end. At the end of November, we were at 29.8Mu, with a monthly run rate of 500-600ku. Thus, Tuesday" (Tweet) – via Twitter.

Further reading

Raspberry Pi For Dummies; Sean McManus and Mike Cook; 2013;
ISBN 978-1118554210
.

Getting Started with Raspberry Pi; Matt Richardson and Shawn Wallace; 2013;
ISBN 978-1449344214
.

Raspberry Pi User Guide; Eben Upton and Gareth Halfacree; 2014;
ISBN 978-1118921661
.

Hello Raspberry Pi!; Ryan Heitz; 2016;
ISBN 978-1617292453
.

External links

Template:Z148

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Raspberry Pi.

Official website

Raspberry Pi Wiki, supported by the RPF

The MagPi newsletter

Raspberry Pi pinout – board GPIO pinout

Raspberry Pi component map

RaspberryPi Boards: Hardware versions/revisions

ARM1176JZF-S (ARM11 CPU Core) Technical Reference Manual, ARM Holdings.

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IdRef

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raspberry_Pi&oldid=940412813"

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 * [[AstroPrint]] – AstroPrint's wireless [[3D printing]] software can be run on the Pi&nbsp;2.<ref name=adafruit-astroprint>{{cite web|last1=Brothers|first1=Ruiz|title=WiFi 3D Printing|url=https://learn.adafruit.com/astroprint-3d-printing/overview|website=Adafruit|accessdate=22 September 2015}}</ref>
 * [[Ch (computer programming)|C/C++ Interpreter Ch]] – Released 3 January 2017, C/C++ interpreter Ch and Embedded Ch are released free for non-commercial use for Raspberry Pi, ChIDE is also included for the beginners to learn C/C++.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.softintegration.com/company/press/ch_arm_raspberry_pi_released.html/|title=C/C++ Interpreter Ch 7.5 released for Raspberry Pi, and Pi Zero}}</ref>
-* [[Mathematica]] & the [[Wolfram Language]] – These were released free as a standard part of the Raspbian NOOBS image in November 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2013/11/21/5130394/raspberry-pi-includes-mathematica-wolfram-language-free|title=Raspberry Pi Includes Mathematica Free|date=21 November 2013|work=The Verge|accessdate=16 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wolfram.com/raspberry-pi/index.en.html|title=Wolfram + Raspberry Pi Project: A Wolfram Engine on Every Raspberry Pi|website=www.wolfram.com}}</ref><ref>[http://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/mathematica-on-raspberry-pi-a-guest-post-from-wolfram-research/ Mathematica and the Wolfram Language on Raspberry Pi], Raspberry Pi Blog, January 2014.</ref> {{As of|2019|6|26}}, the version is Mathematica 11.3.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wolfram.com/raspberry-pi/|title=Wolfram + Raspberry Pi Project: A Wolfram Engine on Every Raspberry Pi|accessdate=26 June 2019}}</ref> Programs can be run either from a command line interface or from a [[Notebook interface]]. There are Wolfram Language functions for accessing connected devices.<ref>[https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/RaspberryPi.html Wolfram Language Documentation Center].</ref> There is also a Wolfram Language desktop development kit allowing development for Raspberry Pi in Mathematica from desktop machines, including features from the loaded Mathematica version such as image processing and machine learning.<ref>[http://www.wolfram.com/raspberry-pi/ Wolfram Language™ & Mathematica PILOT RELEASE FOR THE RASPBERRY PI], Wolfram.com.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wolfram.com/mathematica/new-in-10/highly-automated-machine-learning/index.en.html|title=Highly Automated Machine Learning: New in Mathematica 10|website=www.wolfram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wolfram.com/mathematica/new-in-10/image-processing/|title=Image Processing: New in Mathematica 10|website=wolfram.com}}</ref>
+* [[Mathematica]] & the [[Wolfram Language]] – These were released free as a standard part of the Raspbian NOOBS image in November 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2013/11/21/5130394/raspberry-pi-includes-mathematica-wolfram-language-free|title=Raspberry Pi Includes Mathematica Free|date=21 November 2013|work=The Verge|accessdate=16 September 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.wolfram.com/raspberry-pi/index.en.html|title=Wolfram + Raspberry Pi Project: A Wolfram Engine on Every Raspberry Pi|website=www.wolfram.com}}</ref><ref>[http://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/mathematica-on-raspberry-pi-a-guest-post-from-wolfram-research/ Mathematica and the Wolfram Language on Raspberry Pi], Raspberry Pi Blog, January 2014.</ref> {{As of|2020|2|12}}, the version is Mathematica 12.0.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wolfram.com/raspberry-pi/|title=Wolfram + Raspberry Pi Project: Wolfram Language & Mathematica Free on Every Raspberry Pi|accessdate=12 February 2020}}</ref> Programs can be run either from a command line interface or from a [[Notebook interface]]. There are Wolfram Language functions for accessing connected devices.<ref>[https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/RaspberryPi.html Wolfram Language Documentation Center].</ref> There is also a Wolfram Language desktop development kit allowing development for Raspberry Pi in Mathematica from desktop machines, including features from the loaded Mathematica version such as image processing and machine learning.<ref>[http://www.wolfram.com/raspberry-pi/ Wolfram Language™ & Mathematica PILOT RELEASE FOR THE RASPBERRY PI], Wolfram.com.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wolfram.com/mathematica/new-in-10/highly-automated-machine-learning/index.en.html|title=Highly Automated Machine Learning: New in Mathematica 10|website=www.wolfram.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wolfram.com/mathematica/new-in-10/image-processing/|title=Image Processing: New in Mathematica 10|website=wolfram.com}}</ref>
 * [[Minecraft]] – Released 11 February 2013, a modified version that allows players to directly alter the world with computer code.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pi.minecraft.net/|title=Minecraft: Pi Edition – Minecraft: Pi Edition updates and downloads|accessdate=16 September 2014}}</ref>
 * [[RealVNC]] – Since 28 September 2016, Raspbian includes RealVNC's remote access server and viewer software.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/introducing-pixel/|title=Introducing PIXEL – Raspberry Pi|date=28 September 2016|newspaper=Raspberry Pi|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.realvnc.com/news/realvnc-and-raspberry-pi-announce-new-partnership/|title=RealVNC and Raspberry Pi announce new partnership|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.realvnc.com/raspberrypi/|title=Raspberry Pi {{!}} RealVNC|website=www.realvnc.com|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref> This includes a new capture technology which allows directly-rendered content (e.g. Minecraft, camera preview and omxplayer) as well as non-X11 applications to be viewed and controlled remotely.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.raspberrypi.org/blog/minecraft-pi-and-more-over-vnc/|title=Minecraft Pi (and more) over VNC – Raspberry Pi|date=9 May 2016|newspaper=Raspberry Pi|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.realvnc.com/docs/raspberry-pi.html#raspberry-pi-minecraft|title=Docs {{!}} Using VNC 5.x on the Raspberry Pi {{!}} RealVNC|website=www.realvnc.com|access-date=2 February 2017}}</ref>