Sphingosine N-acyltransferase
sphingosine N-acyltransferase | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Identifiers | |||||||||
ExPASy | NiceZyme view | ||||||||
KEGG | KEGG entry | ||||||||
MetaCyc | metabolic pathway | ||||||||
PRIAM | profile | ||||||||
PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum | ||||||||
Gene Ontology | AmiGO / QuickGO | ||||||||
|
In
enzymology, sphingosine N-acyltransferases (ceramide synthases (CerS), EC 2.3.1.24) are enzymes that catalyze the chemical reaction of synthesis of ceramide
:
- acyl-CoA + sphingosine CoA + N-acylsphingosine
Thus, the two
N-acylsphingosine
.
Ceramide synthases are
integral membrane proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum
.
This enzyme belongs to the family of
sphingolipid metabolism
.
History
CerS were originally called Lass (Longevity assurance) genes because of their homology to the yeast protein, longevity assurance gene-1 (LAG1p), and they were later renamed due to the discovery of their biological function.[1]
LAG1 in yeast was discovered in 1994 and named for the discovery that its deletion prolonged
Saccharomyces cerevisiae by almost 50%.[2] In the following years, it and its homologs were shown to be required for the syntheses of ceramides found in yeast. Three years previously, the mammalian gene upstream of growth and differentiation factor-1 (UOG-1) was discovered, but it wasn't until 2005 that it was defined as the first mammalian CerS, when Sujoy Lahiri and Tony Futerman from the Weizmann Institute of Science found that LASS5 is a bona fide mammalian ceramide synthase that specifically synthesizes palmitoyl (C16) ceramide.[1][3]
Function
CerS are involved in the sphinganine to a long-chain fatty acid to form a dihydroceramide, before the double bond is introduced to position 4 of the sphingoid base.[4]
Genetic Characteristics
CerS contain a unique
amino acids of this domain are missing in CerS, indicating that this domain likely does not function as a genuine transcription factor.[1]
Mammalian CerS
Six mammalian CerS have been described, with each utilizing
isoforms.[5]
Ceramide synthases include:
- Ceramide synthase 1
- Ceramide synthase 2
- Ceramide synthase 3
- Ceramide synthase 4
- Ceramide synthase 5
- Ceramide synthase 6
References
- ^ PMID 20222015.
- PMID 8195187.
- PMID 16100120.
- ^ Christie, William (30 January 2014). "Ceramides". LipidLibrary.aocs.org. AOCS. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 14 February 2014.
- ^ Stiban J, Tidhar R, Futerman AH (2010) Ceramide synthases: roles in cell physiology and signaling. Adv Exp Med Biol 688: 60-71.
- Sribney M (December 1966). "Enzymatic synthesis of ceramide". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism. 125 (3): 542–7. PMID 5973195.