Superior orbital fissure
| Superior orbital fissure | |
|---|---|
skeletal | |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | fissura orbitalis superior |
| TA98 | A02.1.05.023 A02.1.00.083 |
| TA2 | 488 |
| FMA | 54799 |
| Anatomical terms of bone] | |
The superior orbital fissure is a
greater wings of the sphenoid bone. It gives passage to multiple structures, including the oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, ophthalmic nerve, abducens nerve, ophthalmic veins, and sympathetic fibres from the cavernous plexus
.
Structure
The superior orbital fissure is usually 22
greater wing of the sphenoid bone.[2]
Contents
The superior orbital fissure is traversed by the following structures:
- (superior and inferior divisions of the) oculomotor nerve (CN III)[2][3]
- trochlear nerve (CN IV)[2]
- lacrimal, frontal, and nasociliary branches of ophthalmic nerve (CN V1)[2]
- abducens nerve (CN VI)[2]
- superior ophthalmic vein[2] and superior division of the [[Inferior ophthalmic vein|inferior ophthalmic vein[citation needed]]]
- sympathetic fibres from the cavernous nerve plexus[citation needed]
- recurrent meningeal branch of lacrimal artery (anastomotic branch of lacrimal artery with the middle meningeal artery)[citation needed]
The superior orbital fissure is divided into 3 parts from lateral to medial:[citation needed]
- Lateral part transmits: superior ophthalmic vein, lacrimal nerve, frontal nerve, trochlear nerve (CN IV), recurrent meningeal branch of lacrimal artery (anastomotic branch of lacrimal artery with the middle meningeal artery)
- Middle part transmits: Superior and inferior divisions of the abducent nerve
- Medial part transmits: Inferior ophthalmic veins and sympathetic nerves arising from the plexus that accompanies the internal carotid artery
Clinical significance
Multiple
blowout fractures through the floor of the orbit into the maxillary sinus.[citation needed
]
The abducens nerve is most likely to show
signs of damage first, with the most common complaints retro-orbital pain and the involvement of cranial nerves III, IV, V1, and VI without other neurological signs or symptoms. This presentation indicates either compression of structures in the superior orbital fissure or the cavernous sinus.[citation needed
]
Superior orbital fissure syndrome
Superior orbital fissure syndrome, also known as Rochon-Duvigneaud's syndrome,Blindness or loss of vision indicates involvement of the orbital apex, which is more serious, requiring urgent surgical intervention. Typically, if blindness is present with superior orbital syndrome, it is called orbital apex syndrome.[citation needed]
See also
- Foramina of skull
- Inferior orbital fissure
References
- ISBN 978-0-323-03470-8.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-7020-3100-7.)
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link - ISBN 978-0-12-410390-0.
- Who Named It?
- ^ A. Rochon-Duvigneaud. Quelques cas de paralysie de tous les nerfs orbitaires (ophthalmoplegie totale avec amaurosse en anesthésie dans le domaine de l’ophthalmique d’origine syphilitique). Archives d'ophthalmologie, Paris, 1896, 16: 746-760.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Superior orbital fissure.
- Anatomy figure: 22:02-04 at Human Anatomy Online, SUNY Downstate Medical Center
- lesson3 at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (orbitforamina) (#2)
